1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 |
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7 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-http "http://wiki.qemu.org/download/qemu-&qemu-version;.tar.bz2">
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8 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-ftp " ">
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9 | <!ENTITY qemu-md5sum "2fab3ea4460de9b57192e5b8b311f221">
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10 | <!ENTITY qemu-size "24 MB">
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11 | <!ENTITY qemu-buildsize "291 MB">
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12 | <!ENTITY qemu-time "1.4 SBU">
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13 | ]>
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14 |
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15 | <sect1 id="qemu" xreflabel="qemu-&qemu-version;">
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16 | <?dbhtml filename="qemu.html"?>
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17 |
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18 | <sect1info>
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19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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21 | </sect1info>
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22 |
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23 | <title>qemu-&qemu-version;</title>
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24 |
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25 | <indexterm zone="qemu">
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26 | <primary sortas="a-qemu">qemu</primary>
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27 | </indexterm>
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28 |
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29 | <sect2 role="package">
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30 | <title>Introduction to qemu</title>
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31 |
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32 | <para><application>qemu</application> is a full virtualization solution
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33 | for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or
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34 | AMD-V).</para>
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35 |
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36 | &lfs77_checked;
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37 |
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38 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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39 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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40 | <listitem>
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41 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-http;"/></para>
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42 | </listitem>
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43 | <listitem>
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44 | <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-ftp;"/></para>
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45 | </listitem>
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46 | <listitem>
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47 | <para>Download MD5 sum: &qemu-md5sum;</para>
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48 | </listitem>
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49 | <listitem>
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50 | <para>Download size: &qemu-size;</para>
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51 | </listitem>
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52 | <listitem>
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53 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &qemu-buildsize;</para>
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54 | </listitem>
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55 | <listitem>
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56 | <para>Estimated build time: &qemu-time;</para>
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57 | </listitem>
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58 | </itemizedlist>
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59 |
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60 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Qemu Dependencies</bridgehead>
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61 |
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62 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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63 | <para role="required">
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64 | <xref linkend="glib2"/>,
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65 | <xref linkend="python2"/>, and
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66 | <xref linkend="x-window-system"/>
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67 | </para>
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68 |
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69 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
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70 | <para role="recommended">
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71 | <xref linkend="sdl"/>
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72 | </para>
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73 |
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74 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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75 | <para role="optional">
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76 | <xref linkend="alsa"/>,
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77 | <xref linkend="bluez"/>,
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78 | <xref linkend="check"/>,
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79 | <xref linkend="curl"/>,
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80 | <xref linkend="cyrus-sasl"/>,
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81 | <xref linkend="gtk2"/>,
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82 | <xref linkend="gtk3"/>,
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83 | <xref linkend="libusb"/>,
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84 | <xref linkend="lzo"/>,
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85 | <xref linkend="nss"/> (for libcacard.so),
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86 | <xref linkend="mesalib"/>, and
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87 | <xref linkend="vte"/>
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88 | </para>
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89 |
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90 | <note>
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91 | <para>
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92 | This optional dependencies list is not comprehensive. See the output of
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93 | <command>./configure --help</command> for a more complete list.
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94 | </para>
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95 | </note>
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96 |
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97 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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98 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/qemu"/></para>
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99 |
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100 | </sect2>
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101 |
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102 | <sect2 id='qemu-prereq'>
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103 | <title>KVM Prerequisites</title>
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104 |
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105 | <para>Before building <application>qemu</application>, check to see if
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106 | your processor supports Virtualization Technology (VT):</para>
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107 |
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108 | <screen><userinput>egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo</userinput></screen>
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109 |
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110 | <para>If you get any output, you have VT technology (vmx for Intel
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111 | processors and svm for AMD processors). You then need to go into your
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112 | system BIOS and ensure it is enabled. After enabing, reboot back to your
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113 | LFS instance.</para>
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114 |
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115 | </sect2>
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116 |
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117 | <sect2 role="kernel" id='qemu-kernel'>
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118 | <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
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119 |
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120 | <para>Enable the following options in the kernel configuration and
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121 | recompile the kernel if necessary:</para>
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122 |
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123 | <screen><literal>[*] Virtualization: ---> [CONFIG_VIRTUALIZATION]
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124 | <*/M> Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) support [CONFIG_KVM]
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125 | <*/M> KVM for Intel processors support [CONFIG_KVM_INTEL]
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126 | <*/M> KVM for AMD processors support [CONFIG_KVM_AMD]</literal></screen>
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127 |
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128 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-kernel">
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129 | <primary sortas="d-qemu">qemu</primary>
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130 | </indexterm>
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131 |
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132 | <para>The Intel or AMD settings are not both required, but the one matching
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133 | your system processor is required.</para>
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134 |
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135 | <para>For networking, check that <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/> is installed
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136 | and the following options in the kernel configuration are enabled:</para>
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137 |
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138 | <screen><literal>[*] Networking support ---> [CONFIG_NET]
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139 | Networking options --->
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140 | <*/M> 802.1d Ethernet Bridging [CONFIG_BRIDGE]
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141 | Device Drivers --->
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142 | [*] Network device support ---> [CONFIG_NETDEVICES]
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143 | <*/M> Universal TUN/TAP device driver support [CONFIG_TUN]</literal></screen>
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144 |
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145 | </sect2>
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146 |
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147 | <sect2 role="installation">
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148 | <title>Installation of qemu</title>
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149 |
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150 | <para>Install <application>qemu</application> by running the following
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151 | commands:</para>
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152 |
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153 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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154 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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155 | --docdir=/usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version; \
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156 | --target-list=x86_64-softmmu &&
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157 | make</userinput></screen>
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158 |
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159 | <para>To run the built in tests, run <command>make V=1 check</command>.</para>
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160 |
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161 | <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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162 |
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163 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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164 | [ -e /usr/lib/libcacard.so ] && chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libcacard.so</userinput></screen>
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165 |
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166 | <para>
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167 | You will need a dedicated group that will contain users (other than root)
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168 | allowed to access the KVM device. Create this group by running the following
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169 | command as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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170 | </para>
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171 |
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172 | <screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g 61 kvm</userinput></screen>
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173 |
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174 | <para>
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175 | Add any users that might use the KVM device to that group:
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176 | </para>
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177 |
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178 | <screen role="root"><userinput>usermod -a -G kvm <replaceable><username></replaceable></userinput></screen>
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179 |
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180 | <para>
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181 | You will also need to add a Udev rule so that the KVM device gets correct
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182 | permissions:
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183 | </para>
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184 |
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185 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /lib/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules << "EOF"
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186 | <literal>KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"</literal>
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187 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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188 |
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189 | <note><!--<para>The main program <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command> doesn't
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190 | make a distinction between i386 and x86_64 so even on an i386 system you
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191 | should use <emphasis>qemu-system-x86_64</emphasis></para>
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192 | -->
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193 |
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194 | <para>For convenience you may want to create a symbolic link to run
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195 | <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command>:</para>
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196 |
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197 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -sv qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu</userinput></screen>
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198 | </note>
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199 |
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200 | </sect2>
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201 |
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202 | <sect2 role="commands">
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203 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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204 |
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205 | <para><parameter>--target-list=x86_64-softmmu</parameter>: This switch
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206 | limits the build target to the x86_64 architecture. For other
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207 | hardware emulation see the --target-list list in <command>configure</command>'s
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208 | help output. Omitting this option will build all architectures.</para>
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209 |
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210 | <para>
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211 | <option>--audio-drv-list=alsa</option>: This switch sets the audio driver
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212 | to ALSA. For other drivers see the --audio-drv-list list in
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213 | <command>configure</command>'s help output. The default audio driver is
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214 | OSS.
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215 | </para>
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216 |
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217 | </sect2>
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218 |
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219 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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220 | <title>Configuring qemu</title>
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221 |
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222 | <para>To generate an image, run:</para>
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223 |
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224 | <screen><userinput>qemu-img create -f qcow2 vdisk.img 10G</userinput></screen>
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225 |
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226 | <para>Adjust the virtual disk size and image filename as desired. The
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227 | actual size of the file will be less than specified, but will expand as it
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228 | is used.</para>
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229 |
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230 | <note><para>The following instructions assume you have created the optional
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231 | symbolic link, <userinput>qemu</userinput>. Additionally, you must run
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232 | <userinput>qemu</userinput> from an X Window System based terminal.</para></note>
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233 |
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234 | <para>To install an operating system, download an iso of your choice or use
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235 | a pre-installed cdrom device. For the purposes of this example, use
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236 | Fedora 16 that is downloaded as
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237 | <filename>Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso</filename> in the current
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238 | directory. Run the following:</para>
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239 |
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240 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm -hda vdisk.img \
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241 | -cdrom Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso \
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242 | -boot d \
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243 | -m 384</userinput></screen>
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244 |
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245 | <para>Follow the normal installation procedures for the chosen
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246 | distribution. The -boot option specifies the boot order of drives as a
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247 | string of drive letters. Valid drive letters are: a, b (floppy 1 and 2), c
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248 | (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM). The -m option is the amount of memory
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249 | to use for the virtual machine. If you have sufficient memory (2G or
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250 | more), 1G is a reasonable value. For computers with 512MB of RAM it's safe
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251 | to use -m 192, or even -m 128 (the default). The -enable-kvm option allows
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252 | for hardware acceleeration. Without this switch, the emulation is
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253 | relatively slow.</para>
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254 |
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255 | <para>To run the newly installed operating system, run:</para>
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256 |
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257 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm vdisk.img -m 384</userinput></screen>
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258 |
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259 | <para>To add networking to the instance add "-net nic -net user" to the
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260 | command above. qemu provides a DHCP server for the VM and, depending on
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261 | the client system, sets up networking though the host.</para>
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262 |
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263 | <para>One problem with the above networking solution is that it does not
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264 | provide the ability to connect with the local network. To do that, there are
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265 | several additional steps that need to be done, all as the <systemitem
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266 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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267 |
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268 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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269 | <listitem>
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270 | <para>Set up bridging with <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/>.</para>
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271 | </listitem>
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272 |
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273 | <listitem>
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274 | <para>Allow the host system to forward IP packets.</para>
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275 |
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276 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1</userinput></screen>
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277 |
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278 | <para>To make this permanent, add the command to
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279 | <filename>/etc/syssysctl.conf:</filename></para>
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280 |
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281 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
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282 | net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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283 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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284 |
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285 | </listitem>
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286 |
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287 | <listitem>
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288 | <para>Allow the network connection when running as a part of the
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289 | kvm group:</para>
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290 |
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291 | <screen role="root"><userinput>chgrp kvm /usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper &&
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292 | chmod 4750 /usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper</userinput></screen>
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293 |
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294 | </listitem>
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295 |
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296 | <listitem>
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297 | <para>Set up a required configuration file:</para>
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298 |
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299 | <screen role="root"><userinput>echo 'allow br0' > /etc/qemu/bridge.conf</userinput></screen>
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300 |
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301 | </listitem>
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302 |
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303 | <!--
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304 | <listitem>
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305 | <para>Create scripts for qemu to attach the client network
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306 | device, usually visible as tap0, to the host bridge.</para>
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307 |
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308 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifup << EOF
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309 | #!/bin/bash
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310 |
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311 | switch=br0
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312 |
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313 | if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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314 | # Add new tap0 interface to bridge
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315 | /sbin/ip link set \$1 up
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316 | sleep 0.5s
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317 | /usr/sbin/brctl addif \$switch \$1
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318 | else
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319 | echo "Error: no interface specified"
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320 | exit 1
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321 | fi
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322 |
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323 | exit 0
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324 | EOF
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325 |
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326 | chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifup</userinput></screen>
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327 |
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328 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifdown << EOF
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329 | #!/bin/bash
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330 |
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331 | switch=br0
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332 |
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333 | if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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334 | # Remove tap0 interface from bridge
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335 | /usr/sbin/brctl delif \$switch \$1
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336 | else
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337 | echo "Error: no interface specified"
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338 | exit 1
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339 | fi
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340 |
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341 | exit 0
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342 | EOF
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343 |
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344 | chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifdown</userinput></screen>
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345 |
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346 | </listitem>
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347 | </itemizedlist>
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348 |
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349 | <note><para>The backslashes in the above script are for convenience
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350 | for cut/paste operations. The backslashes should <emphasis>not</emphasis>
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351 | appear in the final scripts.</para></note>
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352 |
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353 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> -->
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354 | <listitem>
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355 | <!--<para>Start qemu with "-net nic -net tap" options. </para>-->
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356 | <para>Start qemu with "-net nic -net bridge" options. </para>
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357 | </listitem>
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358 |
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359 | <listitem>
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360 | <para>If a connection, such as ssh, from the local network to the
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361 | client VM is desired, the client should be configured
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362 | with a static IP address.</para>
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363 | </listitem>
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364 |
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365 | </itemizedlist>
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366 |
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367 | </sect2>
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368 |
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369 | <sect2 role="content">
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370 | <title>Contents</title>
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371 |
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372 | <segmentedlist>
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373 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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374 | <segtitle>Installed Library</segtitle>
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375 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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376 |
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377 | <seglistitem>
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378 | <seg>
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379 | qemu-ga,
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380 | qemu-img,
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381 | qemu-io,
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382 | qemu-nbd,
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383 | qemu-system-x86_64,
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384 | virtfs-proxy-helper, and
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385 | vscclient
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386 | </seg>
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387 | <seg>libcacard.so</seg>
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388 | <seg>
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389 | /etc/qemu,
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390 | /usr/include/cacard,
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391 | /usr/lib/qemu,
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392 | /usr/share/qemu, and
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393 | /usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version;
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394 | </seg>
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395 | </seglistitem>
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396 | </segmentedlist>
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397 |
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398 | <variablelist>
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399 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Description</bridgehead>
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400 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
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401 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
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402 |
|
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403 | <varlistentry id="qemu-ga">
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404 | <term><command>qemu-ga</command></term>
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405 | <listitem>
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406 | <para>implements support for QMP (QEMU Monitor Protocol) commands and
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407 | events that terminate and originate respectively within the guest
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408 | using an agent built as part of QEMU.</para>
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409 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-ga">
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410 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-ga">qemu-ga</primary>
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411 | </indexterm>
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412 | </listitem>
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413 | </varlistentry>
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414 |
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415 | <varlistentry id="qemu-img">
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416 | <term><command>qemu-img</command></term>
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417 | <listitem>
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418 | <para>provides commands to manage QEMU disk images.</para>
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419 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-img">
|
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420 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-img">qemu-img</primary>
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421 | </indexterm>
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422 | </listitem>
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423 | </varlistentry>
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424 |
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425 | <varlistentry id="qemu-io">
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426 | <term><command>qemu-io</command></term>
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427 | <listitem>
|
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428 | <para>is a diagnostic and manipulation program for (virtual) memory
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429 | media. It is still at an early stage of development.</para>
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430 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-io">
|
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431 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-io">qemu-io</primary>
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432 | </indexterm>
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433 | </listitem>
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434 | </varlistentry>
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435 |
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436 | <varlistentry id="qemu-nbd">
|
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437 | <term><command>qemu-nbd</command></term>
|
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438 | <listitem>
|
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439 | <para>exports Qemu disk images using the QEMU Disk Network Block
|
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440 | Device (NBD) protocol.</para>
|
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441 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-nbd">
|
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442 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-nbd">qemu-nbd</primary>
|
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443 | </indexterm>
|
---|
444 | </listitem>
|
---|
445 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
446 |
|
---|
447 | <varlistentry id="qemu-system">
|
---|
448 | <term><command>qemu-system-x86_64</command></term>
|
---|
449 | <listitem>
|
---|
450 | <para>is the QEMU PC System emulator.</para>
|
---|
451 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-system">
|
---|
452 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-system">qemu-system-x86_64</primary>
|
---|
453 | </indexterm>
|
---|
454 | </listitem>
|
---|
455 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
456 |
|
---|
457 | <varlistentry id="libcacard">
|
---|
458 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcacard.so</filename></term>
|
---|
459 | <listitem>
|
---|
460 | <para>is the Virtual Smart Card Emulator library.</para>
|
---|
461 | <indexterm zone="qemu libcacard">
|
---|
462 | <primary sortas="c-libcacard">libcacard.so</primary>
|
---|
463 | </indexterm>
|
---|
464 | </listitem>
|
---|
465 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
466 |
|
---|
467 | </variablelist>
|
---|
468 |
|
---|
469 | </sect2>
|
---|
470 |
|
---|
471 | </sect1>
|
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