source: server/mail/sendmail.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;

  <!ENTITY sendmail-download-http "https://ftp.sendmail.org/sendmail.&sendmail-version;.tar.gz">
  <!ENTITY sendmail-download-ftp  " ">
  <!ENTITY sendmail-md5sum        "b6b332295b5779036d4c9246f96f673c">
  <!ENTITY sendmail-size          "2.3 MB">
  <!ENTITY sendmail-buildsize     "21 MB">
  <!ENTITY sendmail-time          "0.1 SBU">
]>

<sect1 id="sendmail" xreflabel="sendmail-&sendmail-version;">
  <?dbhtml filename="sendmail.html"?>


  <title>sendmail-&sendmail-version;</title>

  <indexterm zone="sendmail">
    <primary sortas="a-sendmail">sendmail</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title>Introduction to sendmail</title>

    <para>
      The <application>sendmail</application> package contains a Mail
      Transport Agent (MTA).
    </para>

    &lfs121_checked;

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
    <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&sendmail-download-http;"/>
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download (FTP): <ulink url="&sendmail-download-ftp;"/>
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download MD5 sum: &sendmail-md5sum;
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download size: &sendmail-size;
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Estimated disk space required: &sendmail-buildsize;
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Estimated build time: &sendmail-time;
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

<!-- Sendmail 8.16.1 does have official support for OpenSSL 1.1
    <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Required patch:
          <ulink url="&patch-root;/sendmail.&sendmail-version;-openssl-1.patch"/>
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
-->

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">sendmail Dependencies</bridgehead>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
    <para role="required">
      <xref linkend="openldap"/> (client)
    </para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
    <para role="recommended">
      <xref linkend="cyrus-sasl"/>
    </para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional">
      <xref linkend="gs"/> (for creating PDF documentation),
      <xref linkend="procmail"/> (the configuration proposed below requires
      that <command>procmail</command> be present at run-time), and
      <ulink url="https://github.com/chaos/nph">nph</ulink>
    </para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of sendmail</title>

    <para>
      Before building <application>sendmail</application>, create the
      required user, group and directory with the following commands issued as
      the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
    </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g 26 smmsp                               &amp;&amp;
useradd -c "Sendmail Daemon" -g smmsp -d /dev/null \
        -s /bin/false -u 26 smmsp                  &amp;&amp;
chmod -v 1777 /var/mail                            &amp;&amp;
install -v -m700 -d /var/spool/mqueue</userinput></screen>

    <note>
      <para>
        See the source tree <filename>sendmail/README</filename> file
        for information on linking optional packages into the build. Use the
        example below, which adds support for SASL, StartTLS
        (<application>OpenSSL</application>) and
        <application>OpenLDAP</application>, as a starting point.  Of course,
        modify it to suit your particular needs.
      </para>
    </note>

<screen><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; devtools/Site/site.config.m4 &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>APPENDDEF(`confENVDEF',`-DSTARTTLS -DSASL -DLDAPMAP -DHASFLOCK')
APPENDDEF(`confLIBS', `-lssl -lcrypto -lsasl2 -lldap -llber')
APPENDDEF(`confINCDIRS', `-I/usr/include/sasl')</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

    <para>
      Install <application>sendmail</application> with the following commands:
    </para>

<screen><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; devtools/Site/site.config.m4 &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>define(`confMANGRP',`root')
define(`confMANOWN',`root')
define(`confSBINGRP',`root')
define(`confUBINGRP',`root')
define(`confUBINOWN',`root')</literal>
EOF

sed -i 's|/usr/man/man|/usr/share/man/man|' \
    devtools/OS/Linux           &amp;&amp;

cd sendmail                     &amp;&amp;
sh Build                        &amp;&amp;
cd ../cf/cf                     &amp;&amp;
cp generic-linux.mc sendmail.mc &amp;&amp;
sh Build sendmail.cf</userinput></screen>

    <para>
      This package does not come with a test suite.
    </para>

<!-- When doing a DESTDIR= build, for example, for an update to check for new
     installed files, you need to create $DEST/usr/{bin,sbin,share/man/man{1,5,8}
     first. "sh Build" is a wrapper for Make, so it will accept DESTDIR=
     as an argument. -->
    <para>
      Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
    </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -d -m755 /etc/mail &amp;&amp;
sh Build install-cf &amp;&amp;

cd ../..            &amp;&amp;
sh Build install    &amp;&amp;

install -v -m644 cf/cf/{submit,sendmail}.mc /etc/mail &amp;&amp;
cp -v -R cf/* /etc/mail                               &amp;&amp;

install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/sendmail-&sendmail-version;/{cf,sendmail} &amp;&amp;

install -v -m644 CACerts FAQ KNOWNBUGS LICENSE PGPKEYS README RELEASE_NOTES \
        /usr/share/doc/sendmail-&sendmail-version; &amp;&amp;

install -v -m644 sendmail/{README,SECURITY,TRACEFLAGS,TUNING} \
        /usr/share/doc/sendmail-&sendmail-version;/sendmail &amp;&amp;

install -v -m644 cf/README /usr/share/doc/sendmail-&sendmail-version;/cf &amp;&amp;

for manpage in sendmail editmap mailstats makemap praliases smrsh
do
    install -v -m644 $manpage/$manpage.8 /usr/share/man/man8
done &amp;&amp;

install -v -m644 sendmail/aliases.5    /usr/share/man/man5 &amp;&amp;
install -v -m644 sendmail/mailq.1      /usr/share/man/man1 &amp;&amp;
install -v -m644 sendmail/newaliases.1 /usr/share/man/man1 &amp;&amp;
install -v -m644 vacation/vacation.1   /usr/share/man/man1</userinput></screen>

    <para>
      Install the <application>sendmail</application> Installation and
      Operations Guide with the following commands:
    </para>

    <note>
      <para>
        Remove <filename>op.pdf</filename> from the <command>make</command>
        and <command>install</command> commands below if
        you don't have <application>Ghostscript</application> installed.
      </para>
    </note>

<screen remap="doc"><userinput>cd doc/op                                       &amp;&amp;
sed -i 's/groff/GROFF_NO_SGR=1 groff/' Makefile &amp;&amp;
make op.txt op.pdf</userinput></screen>

    <para>
      Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
    </para>

<screen role="root"
        remap="doc"><userinput>install -v -d -m755 /usr/share/doc/sendmail-&sendmail-version; &amp;&amp;
install -v -m644 op.ps op.txt op.pdf /usr/share/doc/sendmail-&sendmail-version; &amp;&amp;
cd ../..</userinput></screen>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="commands">
    <title>Command Explanations</title>

    <para>
      <command>cat &gt; devtools/Site/site.config.m4 &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>:
      This creates a configuration file changing some of the default settings.
    </para>

    <para>
      <command>sed ... devtools/OS/Linux</command>: The site.config.m4
      does not honor a change to the man directory, so fix it in the OS
      definitions.
    </para>

<!-- No longer valid with 8.16.1
    <para>
      <command>sed ... include/sm/bdb.h</command>: This allows sendmail to
      build properly with <xref linkend='db'/> versions 5 and above.
    </para>
-->

    <para>
      <command>sh Build; sh Build sendmail.cf; sh Build install-cf;
      sh Build install</command>: <application>sendmail</application> uses an
      <application>m4</application> based build script to create the various
      <filename>Makefile</filename>s. These commands build and install the
      package.
    </para>

    <para>
      <command>for manpage in...;do...;done; install ...</command>: The man
      pages are installed already formatted and <command>man</command> displays
      them somewhat garbled. These commands replace the formatted pages with
      pages <command>man</command> can display properly.
    </para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="configuration">
    <title>Configuring sendmail</title>

    <sect3 id="sendmail-config">
      <title>Config Files</title>

      <para>
        <filename>/etc/mail/*</filename>
      </para>

      <indexterm zone="sendmail sendmail-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-mail">/etc/mail/*</primary>
      </indexterm>

    </sect3>

    <sect3>
      <title>Configuration Information</title>

      <note>
        <para>
          Ensure you have a fully qualified domain name defined
          in <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> for your system before proceeding.
        </para>
      </note>

      <para>
        Create the <filename>/etc/mail/local-host-names</filename> and
        <filename>/etc/mail/aliases</filename> files using the following
        commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
      </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>echo $(hostname) > /etc/mail/local-host-names
cat &gt; /etc/mail/aliases &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>postmaster: root
MAILER-DAEMON: root</literal>

EOF
# Does not work if there is no database backend compiled in:
#newaliases</userinput></screen>

      <para>
        <application>sendmail</application>'s primary configuration file,
        <filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename>, is complex and not meant to
        be directly edited. The recommended method for changing it is to modify
        <filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.mc</filename> and various
        <application>m4</application> files, then run the <command>m4</command>
        macro processor from within
        <filename class='directory'>/etc/mail</filename> as follows:
      </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>cd /etc/mail &amp;&amp;
m4 m4/cf.m4 sendmail.mc > sendmail.cf</userinput></screen>

      <para>
        A full explanation of the files to modify, and the available
        parameters can be found in <filename>/etc/mail/README</filename>.
      </para>

    </sect3>

    <sect3  id="sendmail-init">
      <title><phrase revision="sysv">Boot Script</phrase>
             <phrase revision="systemd">Systemd Unit</phrase></title>

      <para>
        To automate the running of <application>sendmail</application>
        at startup, install the
        <phrase revision="sysv"><filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/sendmail</filename>
        init script</phrase>
        <phrase revision="systemd"><filename>sendmail.service</filename>
        unit</phrase> included in the
        <xref linkend="bootscripts" revision="sysv"/>
        <xref linkend="systemd-units" revision="systemd"/> package:
      </para>

      <indexterm zone="sendmail sendmail-init">
        <primary sortas="f-sendmail-init">sendmail</primary>
      </indexterm>

<screen role="root"><userinput>make install-sendmail</userinput></screen>

      <note>
        <para>
          The -qNm option to <command>sendmail</command>, where N is number
          of minutes, controls how often <application>sendmail</application>
          will process the mail queue. A default of 5 minutes is used in the
          <phrase revision="sysv">init script.</phrase>
          <phrase revision="systemd">systemd unit.</phrase> Individual
          workstation users may want to set this as low as 1 minute, large
          installations handling more mail may want to set it higher.
        </para>
      </note>

    </sect3>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="content">
    <title>Contents</title>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>editmap, mailstats, makemap, praliases, sendmail, smrsh,
        and vacation; symlinks to /usr/sbin/sendmail: hoststat, mailq,
        newaliases, and purgestat</seg>
        <seg>None</seg>
        <seg>/etc/mail, /usr/share/doc/sendmail-&sendmail-version;,
        and /var/spool/clientmqueue</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

    <variablelist>
      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

      <varlistentry id="editmap">
        <term><command>editmap</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            queries and edits <application>sendmail</application> map files
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="sendmail editmap">
            <primary sortas="b-editmap">editmap</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="hoststat">
        <term><command>hoststat</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            prints <application>sendmail</application>'s persistent host status
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="sendmail hoststat">
            <primary sortas="b-hoststat">hoststat</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mailstats">
        <term><command>mailstats</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            displays <application>sendmail</application> statistics
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="sendmail mailstats">
            <primary sortas="b-mailstats">mailstats</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mailq-sendmail">
        <term><command>mailq</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            prints a summary of outbound mail messages waiting for delivery
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="sendmail mailq-sendmail">
            <primary sortas="b-mailq">mailq</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="makemap">
        <term><command>makemap</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            creates <application>sendmail</application> map files
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="sendmail makemap">
            <primary sortas="b-makemap">makemap</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="newaliases-sendmail">
        <term><command>newaliases</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            rebuilds <filename>/etc/mail/aliases.db</filename> from the
            contents of <filename>/etc/mail/aliases</filename>
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="sendmail newaliases-sendmail">
            <primary sortas="b-newaliases">newaliases</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="praliases">
        <term><command>praliases</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            displays current <application>sendmail</application> aliases
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="sendmail praliases">
            <primary sortas="b-praliases">praliases</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="purgestat">
        <term><command>purgestat</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            causes <application>sendmail</application> to clear (purge)
            all its host-status information
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="sendmail purgestat">
            <primary sortas="b-purgestat">purgestat</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="sendmail-prog-sendmail">
        <term><command>sendmail</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is the <application>sendmail</application> mail transport agent
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="sendmail sendmail-prog-sendmail">
            <primary sortas="b-sendmail">sendmail</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="smrsh">
        <term><command>smrsh</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is a restricted shell for <application>sendmail</application>
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="sendmail smrsh">
            <primary sortas="b-smrsh">smrsh</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="vacation-sendmail">
        <term><command>vacation</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is an email auto responder
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="sendmail vacation-sendmail">
            <primary sortas="b-vacation">vacation</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>