source: server/major/bind.xml@ df6a4c0

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;

  <!ENTITY bind-download-http "http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/infosys/servers/isc/bind9/&bind-version;/bind-&bind-version;.tar.gz">
  <!ENTITY bind-download-ftp "ftp://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind9/&bind-version;/bind-&bind-version;.tar.gz">
  <!ENTITY bind-md5sum "55e709501a7780233c36e25ccd15ece2">
  <!ENTITY bind-size "5.1 MB">
  <!ENTITY bind-buildsize "76.2 MB">
  <!ENTITY bind-time "1.7 SBU (additional 11 minutes, processor independent, to run the complete test suite)">
]>

<sect1 id="bind" xreflabel="BIND-&bind-version;">
  <?dbhtml filename="bind.html"?>

  <sect1info>
    <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
    <date>$Date$</date>
    <keywordset>
      <keyword role="package">bind-&bind-version;.tar</keyword>
      <keyword role="ftpdir">bind</keyword>
    </keywordset>
  </sect1info>

  <title>BIND-&bind-version;</title>

  <indexterm zone="bind">
    <primary sortas="a-BIND">BIND</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title>Introduction to BIND</title>

    <para>The <application>BIND</application> package provides a DNS server
    and client utilities. If you are only interested in the utilities, refer
    to the <xref linkend="bind-utils"/>.</para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
    <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
      <listitem>
        <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&bind-download-http;"/></para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&bind-download-ftp;"/></para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Download MD5 sum: &bind-md5sum;</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Download size: &bind-size;</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Estimated disk space required: &bind-buildsize;</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Estimated build time: &bind-time;</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">BIND Dependencies</bridgehead>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional"><xref linkend="openssl"/></para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (to Run the Test Suite)</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional"><xref linkend="net-tools"/> (for <command>ifconfig</command>)
    and <xref linkend="perl-net-dns"/></para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (to [Re]Build
    Documentation)</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional">
    <xref linkend="tex"/> and
    <xref linkend="libxslt"/></para>

    <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
    <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/bind"/></para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of BIND</title>

    <para>Install <application>BIND</application> by running the
    following commands:</para>

<screen><userinput>sed -i -e '247a #undef SO_BSDCOMPAT\n' lib/isc/unix/socket.c &amp;&amp;
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc \
    --enable-threads --with-libtool &amp;&amp;
make</userinput></screen>

    <para>Issue the following commands to run the complete suite of tests.
    First, as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, set up some test
    interfaces:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>bin/tests/system/ifconfig.sh up</userinput></screen>

    <para>Now run the test suite as an unprivileged user:</para>

<screen><userinput>make check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee check.log</userinput></screen>

    <para>Again as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, clean up the
    test interfaces:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>bin/tests/system/ifconfig.sh down</userinput></screen>

    <para>Issue the following command to check that all 144 tests
    ran successfully:</para>

<screen><userinput>grep "R:PASS" check.log | wc -l</userinput></screen>

    <para>Finally, install the package as the <systemitem
    class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>make install &amp;&amp;
chmod 755 /usr/lib/{lib{bind9,isc{,cc,cfg},lwres,dns}.so.*.?.?} &amp;&amp;
cd doc &amp;&amp;
install -v -d -m755 /usr/share/doc/bind-&bind-version;/{arm,draft,misc,rfc} &amp;&amp;
install -v -m644 arm/*.html \
    /usr/share/doc/bind-&bind-version;/arm &amp;&amp;
install -v -m644 draft/*.txt \
    /usr/share/doc/bind-&bind-version;/draft &amp;&amp;
install -v -m644 rfc/* \
    /usr/share/doc/bind-&bind-version;/rfc &amp;&amp;
install -v -m644 \
    misc/{dnssec,ipv6,migrat*,options,rfc-compliance,roadmap,sdb} \
    /usr/share/doc/bind-&bind-version;/misc</userinput></screen>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="commands">
    <title>Command Explanations</title>

    <para><command>sed -i -e '247a #undef SO_BSDCOMPAT\n'
    lib/isc/unix/socket.c</command>: This command removes an obsolete reference
    so that the <application>bind</application> daemon does not generate
    messages about it in the log.</para>

    <para><parameter>--sysconfdir=/etc</parameter>: This parameter forces
    <application>BIND</application> to look for configuration
    files in <filename class='directory'>/etc</filename> instead of
    <filename class='directory'>/usr/etc</filename>.</para>

    <para><parameter>--enable-threads</parameter>: This parameter enables
    multi-threading capability.</para>

    <para><parameter>--with-libtool</parameter>: This parameter forces the
    building of dynamic libraries and links the installed binaries to these
    libraries.</para>

    <para><command>chmod 755
    /usr/lib/{lib{bind9,isc{,cc,cfg},lwres,dns}.so.*.?.?}</command>:
    Enable the execute bit to prevent a warning when using
    <command>ldd</command> to check library dependencies.</para>

    <para><command>cd doc; install ...</command>: These commands install the
    additional package documentation. Optionally, omit any or all of these
    commands.</para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="configuration">
    <title>Configuring BIND</title>

    <sect3 id="bind-config">
      <title>Config files</title>

      <para><filename>named.conf</filename>,
      <filename>root.hints</filename>,
      <filename>127.0.0</filename>,
      <filename>rndc.conf</filename> and
      <filename>resolv.conf</filename></para>

      <indexterm zone="bind bind-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-named.conf">/etc/named.conf</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm zone="bind bind-config">
      <primary sortas="e-etc-rndc.conf">/etc/rndc.conf</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm zone="bind bind-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-resolv.conf">/etc/resolv.conf</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm zone="bind bind-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-namedb-root.hints">/etc/namedb/root.hints</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm zone="bind bind-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-namedb-pz-127.0.0.0">/etc/namedb/pz/127.0.0.0</primary>
      </indexterm>

    </sect3>

    <sect3>
      <title>Configuration Information</title>

      <para><application>BIND</application> will be configured to run in a
      <command>chroot</command> jail as an unprivileged user (<systemitem
      class="username">named</systemitem>). This configuration is more secure
      in that a DNS compromise can only affect a few files in the <systemitem
      class="username">named</systemitem> user's <envar>HOME</envar>
      directory.</para>

      <para>Create the unprivileged user and group <systemitem
      class="username">named</systemitem>:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g 20 named &amp;&amp;
useradd -m -c "BIND Owner" -g named -s /bin/false -u 20 named</userinput></screen>

      <para>Set up some files, directories and devices needed by
      <application>BIND</application>:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>cd /home/named &amp;&amp;
mkdir -p dev etc/namedb/slave var/run &amp;&amp;
mknod /home/named/dev/null c 1 3 &amp;&amp;
mknod /home/named/dev/random c 1 8 &amp;&amp;
chmod 666 /home/named/dev/{null,random} &amp;&amp;
mkdir /home/named/etc/namedb/pz &amp;&amp;
cp /etc/localtime /home/named/etc</userinput></screen>

      <para>Then, generate a key for use in the <filename>named.conf</filename>
      and <filename>rdnc.conf</filename> files using the
      <command>rndc-confgen</command> command:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>rndc-confgen -b 512 | grep -m 1 "secret" | cut -d '"' -f 2</userinput></screen>

      <para>Create the <filename>named.conf</filename> file from which
      <command>named</command> will read the location of zone files, root
      name servers and secure DNS keys:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>cat &gt; /home/named/etc/named.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal> options {
     directory "/etc/namedb";
    pid-file "/var/run/named.pid";
    statistics-file "/var/run/named.stats";

 };
 controls {
     inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndc_key; };
 };
 key "rndc_key" {
     algorithm hmac-md5;
     secret "<replaceable>&lt;Insert secret from rndc-confgen's output here&gt;</replaceable>";
 };
 zone "." {
     type hint;
     file "root.hints";
 };
 zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
     type master;
     file "pz/127.0.0";
 };

// Bind 9 now logs by default through syslog (except debug).
// These are the default logging rules.

logging {
     category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
     category unmatched { null; };

  channel default_syslog {
      syslog daemon;                      // send to syslog's daemon
                                          // facility
      severity info;                      // only send priority info
                                          // and higher
  };

  channel default_debug {
      file "named.run";                   // write to named.run in
                                          // the working directory
                                          // Note: stderr is used instead
                                          // of "named.run"
                                          // if the server is started
                                          // with the '-f' option.
      severity dynamic;                   // log at the server's
                                          // current debug level
  };

  channel default_stderr {
      stderr;                             // writes to stderr
      severity info;                      // only send priority info
                                          // and higher
  };

  channel null {
     null;                                // toss anything sent to
                                          // this channel
  };
};</literal>

EOF</userinput></screen>

      <para>Create the <filename>rndc.conf</filename> file with the following
      commands:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/rndc.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>key rndc_key {
algorithm "hmac-md5";
    secret
    "<replaceable>&lt;Insert secret from rndc-confgen's output here&gt;</replaceable>";
    };
options {
    default-server localhost;
    default-key    rndc_key;
};</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

      <para>The <filename>rndc.conf</filename> file contains information for
      controlling <command>named</command> operations with the
      <command>rndc</command> utility.</para>

      <para>Create a zone file with the following contents:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>cat &gt; /home/named/etc/namedb/pz/127.0.0 &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>$TTL 3D
@      IN      SOA     ns.local.domain. hostmaster.local.domain. (
                        1       ; Serial
                        8H      ; Refresh
                        2H      ; Retry
                        4W      ; Expire
                        1D)     ; Minimum TTL
                NS      ns.local.domain.
1               PTR     localhost.</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

      <para>Create the <filename>root.hints</filename> file with the following
      commands:</para>

      <note>
        <para>Caution must be used to ensure there are no leading spaces in
        this file.</para>
      </note>

<screen role="root"><userinput>cat &gt; /home/named/etc/namedb/root.hints &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>.                       6D  IN      NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       198.41.0.4
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.228.79.201
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.203.230.10
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.112.36.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       128.63.2.53
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.36.148.17
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.58.128.30
K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       193.0.14.129
L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       198.32.64.12
M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       202.12.27.33</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

      <para>The <filename>root.hints</filename> file is a list of root
      name servers. This file must be updated periodically with the
      <command>dig</command> utility. A current copy of root.hints can be
      obtained from <ulink url="ftp://rs.internic.net/domain/named.root" />.
      Consult the <ulink url="http://www.bind9.net/Bv9ARM.html">BIND 9
      Administrator Reference Manual</ulink> for details.</para>

      <para>Create or modify <filename>resolv.conf</filename> to use the new
      name server with the following commands:</para>

      <note>
        <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;yourdomain.com&gt;</replaceable> with
        your own valid domain name.</para>
      </note>

<screen role="root"><userinput>cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.bak &amp;&amp;
cat &gt; /etc/resolv.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>search <replaceable>&lt;yourdomain.com&gt;</replaceable>
nameserver 127.0.0.1</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

      <para>Set permissions on the <command>chroot</command> jail with the
      following command:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>chown -R named.named /home/named</userinput></screen>

    </sect3>

    <sect3  id="bind-init">
      <title>Boot Script</title>

      <para>To start the DNS server at boot, install the
      <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/bind</filename> init script included
      in the <xref linkend="bootscripts"/> package.</para>

      <indexterm zone="bind bind-init">
        <primary sortas="f-bind">bind</primary>
      </indexterm>

<screen role="root"><userinput>make install-bind</userinput></screen>

      <para>Now start <application>BIND</application> with
      the new boot script:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>/etc/rc.d/init.d/bind start</userinput></screen>

    </sect3>

    <sect3>
      <title>Testing BIND</title>

      <para>Test out the new <application>BIND</application> 9 installation.
      First query the local host address with <command>dig</command>:</para>

<screen><userinput>dig -x 127.0.0.1</userinput></screen>

      <para>Now try an external name lookup, taking note of the speed
      difference in repeated lookups due to the caching. Run the
      <command>dig</command> command twice on the same address:</para>

<screen><userinput>dig www.linuxfromscratch.org &amp;&amp;
dig www.linuxfromscratch.org</userinput></screen>

      <para>You can see almost instantaneous results with the named caching
      lookups. Consult the <application>BIND</application> Administrator
      Reference Manual located at <filename>doc/arm/Bv9ARM.html</filename>
      in the package source tree, for further configuration options.</para>

    </sect3>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="content">
    <title>Contents</title>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>dig, dnssec-keygen, dnssec-signzone, host, isc-config.sh, lwresd,
        named, named-checkconf, named-checkzone, nslookup, nsupdate, rndc, and
        rndc-confgen</seg>
        <seg>libbind9.{so,a}, libdns.{so,a}, libisc.{so,a}, libisccc.{so,a},
        libisccfg.{so,a}, and liblwres.{so,a}</seg>
        <seg>/home/named, /usr/include/bind9, /usr/include/dns, /usr/include/dst,
        /usr/include/isc, /usr/include/isccc, /usr/include/isccfg,
        /usr/include/lwres, and /usr/share/doc/bind-&bind-version;</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

    <variablelist>
      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

      <varlistentry id="dig">
        <term><command>dig</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>interrogates DNS servers.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind dig">
            <primary sortas="b-dig">dig</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="dnssec-keygen">
        <term><command>dnssec-keygen</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a key generator for secure DNS.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind dnssec-keygen">
            <primary sortas="b-dnssec-keygen">dnssec-keygen</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="dnssec-signzone">
        <term><command>dnssec-signzone</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>generates signed versions of zone files.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind dnssec-signzone">
            <primary sortas="b-dnssec-signzone">dnssec-signzone</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="host">
        <term><command>host</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a utility for DNS lookups.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind host">
            <primary sortas="b-host">host</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lwresd">
        <term><command>lwresd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a caching-only name server for local process use.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind lwresd">
            <primary sortas="b-lwresd">lwresd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="named">
        <term><command>named</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is the name server daemon.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind named">
            <primary sortas="b-named">named</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="named-checkconf">
        <term><command>named-checkconf</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>checks the syntax of <filename>named.conf</filename>
          files.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind named-checkconf">
            <primary sortas="b-named-checkconf">named-checkconf</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="named-checkzone">
        <term><command>named-checkzone</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>checks zone file validity.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind named-checkzone">
            <primary sortas="b-named-checkzone">named-checkzone</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="nslookup">
        <term><command>nslookup</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a program used to query Internet domain nameservers.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind nslookup">
            <primary sortas="b-nslookup">nslookup</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="nsupdate">
        <term><command>nsupdate</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is used to submit DNS update requests.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind nsupdate">
            <primary sortas="b-nsupdate">nsupdate</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rndc">
        <term><command>rndc</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>controls the operation of <application>BIND</application>.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind rndc">
            <primary sortas="b-rndc">rndc</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rndc-confgen">
        <term><command>rndc-confgen</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>generates <filename>rndc.conf</filename> files.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind rndc-confgen">
            <primary sortas="b-rndc-confgen">rndc-confgen</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>