source: server/major/bind.xml@ 73ded0c

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;

  <!ENTITY bind-download-http " ">
  <!ENTITY bind-download-ftp  "ftp://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind9/&bind-version;/bind-&bind-version;.tar.gz">
  <!ENTITY bind-md5sum        "2ca3474c5cefebbbeea32710b048cd1c">
  <!ENTITY bind-size          "8.0 MB">
  <!ENTITY bind-buildsize     "102 MB (additional 43 MB to run the test suite)">
  <!ENTITY bind-time          "1.1 SBU (additional 16 minutes, processor independent, to run the complete test suite)">
]>

<sect1 id="bind" xreflabel="BIND-&bind-version;">
  <?dbhtml filename="bind.html"?>

  <sect1info>
    <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
    <date>$Date$</date>
  </sect1info>

  <title>BIND-&bind-version;</title>

  <indexterm zone="bind">
    <primary sortas="a-BIND">BIND</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title>Introduction to BIND</title>

    <para>The <application>BIND</application> package provides a DNS server
    and client utilities. If you are only interested in the utilities, refer
    to the <xref linkend="bind-utils"/>.</para>

    &lfs76_checked;

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
    <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
      <listitem>
        <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&bind-download-http;"/></para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&bind-download-ftp;"/></para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Download MD5 sum: &bind-md5sum;</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Download size: &bind-size;</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Estimated disk space required: &bind-buildsize;</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Estimated build time: &bind-time;</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
    <itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
      <listitem>
        <para>Optional patch (if net-tools is not installed):
        <ulink
        url="&patch-root;/bind-&bind-version;-use_iproute2-1.patch"/></para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">BIND Dependencies</bridgehead>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional">
      <xref linkend="libcap-pam"/>,
      <xref linkend="libxml2"/>,
      <xref linkend="mitkrb"/>, and
      <xref linkend="openssl"/>
    </para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional database backends</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional">
      <xref linkend="postgresql"/>,
      <xref linkend="mariadb"/> or <ulink url="http://www.mysql.com/">MySQL</ulink>,
      <xref linkend="db"/>,
      <xref linkend="openldap"/>, and
      <xref linkend="unixodbc"/>
    </para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (to run the test suite)</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional">
      <xref linkend="perl-net-dns"/> and
      <xref linkend="net-tools"/> (you may omit net-tools by using the optional
      patch to utilize iproute2, but the IPv6 tests will fail)
    </para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (to rebuild the documentation)</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional">
      <xref linkend="doxygen"/>,
      <xref linkend="texlive"/> (or <xref linkend="tl-installer"/>), and
      <xref linkend="libxslt"/>
    </para>

    <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
    <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/bind"/></para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of BIND</title>

    <para>If you have chosen not to install net-tools, apply the iproute2
    patch with the following command:</para>

<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../bind-&bind-version;-use_iproute2-1.patch</userinput></screen>

    <para>Install <application>BIND</application> by running the
    following commands:</para>

<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr           \
            --sysconfdir=/etc       \
            --localstatedir=/var    \
            --mandir=/usr/share/man \
            --enable-threads        \
            --with-libtool          \
            --disable-static        \
            --with-randomdev=/dev/urandom &amp;&amp;
make</userinput></screen>

    <para>Issue the following commands to run the complete suite of tests.
    First, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, set up
    some test interfaces:</para>

    <note><para>If IPv6 is not enabled in the kernel, there will be several
    error messages: "RTNETLINK answers: Operation not permitted".  These
    messages do not afffect the tests.</para></note>

<screen role="root"><userinput>bin/tests/system/ifconfig.sh up</userinput></screen>

    <para>As an unprivileged user, remove some tests that fail:</para>

<screen><userinput>sed -e 's/ecdsa //'   \
    -e 's/tsiggss //' \
    -i bin/tests/system/conf.sh</userinput></screen>

    <para>Now run the test suite as an unprivileged user:</para>

<screen><userinput>make check</userinput></screen>

    <para>Again as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, clean up the
    test interfaces:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>bin/tests/system/ifconfig.sh down</userinput></screen>

    <para>Finally, install the package as the <systemitem
    class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>make install &amp;&amp;
chmod -v 0755 /usr/lib/lib{bind9,dns,isc{,cc,cfg},lwres}.so &amp;&amp;

install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/bind-&bind-version;/{arm,misc} &amp;&amp;
install -v -m644    doc/arm/*.html \
                    /usr/share/doc/bind-&bind-version;/arm &amp;&amp;
install -v -m644 \
    doc/misc/{dnssec,ipv6,migrat*,options,rfc-compliance,roadmap,sdb} \
    /usr/share/doc/bind-&bind-version;/misc</userinput></screen>
  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="commands">
    <title>Command Explanations</title>

    <para><command>sed ... bin/tests/system/conf.sh</command>: This command
    removes tests that fail (some for unknown reasons).</para>

    <para><parameter>--sysconfdir=/etc</parameter>: This parameter forces
    <application>BIND</application> to look for configuration
    files in <filename class='directory'>/etc</filename> instead of
    <filename class='directory'>/usr/etc</filename>.</para>

    <para><parameter>--enable-threads</parameter>: This parameter enables
    multi-threading capability.</para>

    <para><parameter>--with-libtool</parameter>: This parameter forces the
    building of dynamic libraries and links the installed binaries to these
    libraries.</para>

    <para><parameter>--with-randomdev=/dev/urandom</parameter>: This parameter 
    specifes a non-blocking random device for use with digital signatures.</para>

    <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
      href="../../xincludes/static-libraries.xml"/>

    <para><command>chmod 0755
    /usr/lib/{lib{bind9,dns,isc{,cc,cfg},lwres}.so</command>:
    Enable the execute bit to prevent a warning when using
    <command>ldd</command> to check library dependencies.</para>

    <para><command>cd doc; install ...</command>: These commands install
    additional package documentation. Omit any or all of these commands if
    desired.</para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="configuration">
    <title>Configuring BIND</title>

    <sect3 id="bind-config">
      <title>Config files</title>

      <para><filename>named.conf</filename>,
      <filename>root.hints</filename>,
      <filename>127.0.0</filename>,
      <filename>rndc.conf</filename> and
      <filename>resolv.conf</filename></para>

      <indexterm zone="bind bind-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-named.conf">/etc/named.conf</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm zone="bind bind-config">
      <primary sortas="e-etc-rndc.conf">/etc/rndc.conf</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm zone="bind bind-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-resolv.conf">/etc/resolv.conf</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm zone="bind bind-config">
        <primary
        sortas="e-etc-namedb-root.hints">/etc/namedb/root.hints</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm zone="bind bind-config">
        <primary
        sortas="e-etc-namedb-pz-127.0.0.0">/etc/namedb/pz/127.0.0.0</primary>
      </indexterm>
    </sect3>

    <sect3>
      <title>Configuration Information</title>

      <para><application>BIND</application> will be configured to run in a
      <command>chroot</command> jail as an unprivileged user (<systemitem
      class="username">named</systemitem>). This configuration is more secure
      in that a DNS compromise can only affect a few files in the <systemitem
      class="username">named</systemitem> user's <envar>HOME</envar>
      directory.</para>

      <para>Create the unprivileged user and group <systemitem
      class="username">named</systemitem>:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g 20 named &amp;&amp;
useradd -c "BIND Owner" -g named -s /bin/false -u 20 named &amp;&amp;
install -d -m770 -o named -g named /srv/named</userinput></screen>

      <para>Set up some files, directories and devices needed by
      <application>BIND</application>:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>cd /srv/named &amp;&amp;
mkdir -p dev etc/namedb/{slave,pz} usr/lib/engines var/run/named &amp;&amp;
mknod /srv/named/dev/null c 1 3 &amp;&amp;
mknod /srv/named/dev/urandom c 1 9 &amp;&amp;
chmod 666 /srv/named/dev/{null,urandom} &amp;&amp;
cp /etc/localtime etc &amp;&amp;
touch /srv/named/managed-keys.bind &amp;&amp;
cp /usr/lib/engines/libgost.so usr/lib/engines &amp;&amp;
[ $(uname -m) = x86_64 ] &amp;&amp; ln -sv lib usr/lib64</userinput></screen>

      <para>The <filename>rndc.conf</filename> file contains information for
      controlling <command>named</command> operations with the
      <command>rndc</command> utility. Generate a key for use in the <filename>named.conf</filename> and <filename>rdnc.conf</filename> with the
      <command>rndc-confgen</command> command:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>rndc-confgen -r /dev/urandom -b 512 > /etc/rndc.conf &amp;&amp;
sed '/conf/d;/^#/!d;s:^# ::' /etc/rndc.conf > /srv/named/etc/named.conf</userinput></screen>

      <para>Complete the <filename>named.conf</filename> file from which
      <command>named</command> will read the location of zone files, root
      name servers and secure DNS keys:</para>

<screen role="root"><?dbfo keep-together="auto"?><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /srv/named/etc/named.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>options {
    directory "/etc/namedb";
    pid-file "/var/run/named.pid";
    statistics-file "/var/run/named.stats";

};
zone "." {
    type hint;
    file "root.hints";
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
    type master;
    file "pz/127.0.0";
};

// Bind 9 now logs by default through syslog (except debug).
// These are the default logging rules.

logging {
    category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
    category unmatched { null; };

  channel default_syslog {
      syslog daemon;                      // send to syslog's daemon
                                          // facility
      severity info;                      // only send priority info
                                          // and higher
  };

  channel default_debug {
      file "named.run";                   // write to named.run in
                                          // the working directory
                                          // Note: stderr is used instead
                                          // of "named.run"
                                          // if the server is started
                                          // with the '-f' option.
      severity dynamic;                   // log at the server's
                                          // current debug level
  };

  channel default_stderr {
      stderr;                             // writes to stderr
      severity info;                      // only send priority info
                                          // and higher
  };

  channel null {
      null;                               // toss anything sent to
                                          // this channel
  };
};</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

      <para>Create a zone file with the following contents:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>cat &gt; /srv/named/etc/namedb/pz/127.0.0 &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>$TTL 3D
@      IN      SOA     ns.local.domain. hostmaster.local.domain. (
                        1       ; Serial
                        8H      ; Refresh
                        2H      ; Retry
                        4W      ; Expire
                        1D)     ; Minimum TTL
                NS      ns.local.domain.
1               PTR     localhost.</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

      <para>Create the <filename>root.hints</filename> file with the following
      commands:</para>

      <note>
        <para>Caution must be used to ensure there are no leading spaces in
        this file.</para>
      </note>

<screen role="root"><userinput>cat &gt; /srv/named/etc/namedb/root.hints &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>.                       6D  IN      NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       198.41.0.4
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.228.79.201
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       199.7.91.13
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.203.230.10
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.112.36.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       128.63.2.53
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.36.148.17
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.58.128.30
K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       193.0.14.129
L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       199.7.83.42
M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       202.12.27.33</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

      <para>The <filename>root.hints</filename> file is a list of root
      name servers. This file must be updated periodically with the
      <command>dig</command> utility. A current copy of root.hints can be
      obtained from <ulink url="ftp://rs.internic.net/domain/named.root" />.
      Consult the <ulink url="http://www.bind9.net/Bv9ARM.html">BIND 9
      Administrator Reference Manual</ulink> for details.</para>

      <para>Create or modify <filename>resolv.conf</filename> to use the new
      name server with the following commands:</para>

      <note>
        <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;yourdomain.com&gt;</replaceable> with
        your own valid domain name.</para>
      </note>

<screen role="root"><userinput>cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.bak &amp;&amp;
cat &gt; /etc/resolv.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>search <replaceable>&lt;yourdomain.com&gt;</replaceable>
nameserver 127.0.0.1</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

      <para>Set permissions on the <command>chroot</command> jail with the
      following command:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>chown -R named:named /srv/named</userinput></screen>

    </sect3>

    <sect3  id="bind-init">
      <title>Boot Script</title>

      <para>To start the DNS server at boot, install the
      <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/bind</filename> init script included
      in the <xref linkend="bootscripts"/> package.</para>

      <indexterm zone="bind bind-init">
        <primary sortas="f-bind">bind</primary>
      </indexterm>

<screen role="root"><userinput>make install-bind</userinput></screen>

      <para>Now start <application>BIND</application> with
      the new boot script:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>/etc/rc.d/init.d/bind start</userinput></screen>

    </sect3>

    <sect3>
      <title>Testing BIND</title>

      <para>Test out the new <application>BIND</application> 9 installation.
      First query the local host address with <command>dig</command>:</para>

<screen><userinput>dig -x 127.0.0.1</userinput></screen>

      <para>Now try an external name lookup, taking note of the speed
      difference in repeated lookups due to the caching. Run the
      <command>dig</command> command twice on the same address:</para>

<screen><userinput>dig www.&lfs-domainname; &amp;&amp;
dig www.&lfs-domainname;</userinput></screen>

      <para>You can see almost instantaneous results with the named caching
      lookups. Consult the <application>BIND</application> Administrator
      Reference Manual located at <filename>doc/arm/Bv9ARM.html</filename>
      in the package source tree, for further configuration options.</para>

    </sect3>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="content">
    <title>Contents</title>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>

        <seg>arpaname, bind9-config hardlinked to isc-config.sh, ddns-confgen,
        delv, dig, dnssec-checkds, dnssec-coverage, dnssec-dsfromkey,
        dnssec-importkey, dnssec-keyfromlabel, dnssec-keygen, dnssec-revoke,
        dnssec-settime, dnssec-signzone, dnssec-verify, genrandom, host,
        isc-hmac-fixup, lwresd hardlinked to named, named-checkconf,
        named-checkzone, named-compilezone (symlink), named-journalprint,
        named-rrchecker, nsec3hash, nslookup, nsupdate, rndc, rndc-confgen,
        and tsig-keygen (symlink)</seg>
      
        <seg>libbind9.so, libdns.so, libirs.so, libisc.so, libisccc.so, 
        libisccfg.so, and liblwres.so</seg>

        <seg>/usr/include/{bind9,dns,dst,irs,isc,isccc,isccfg,lwres,pk11,pkcs11},
        /usr/share/doc/bind-&bind-version; and /srv/named</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

    <variablelist>
      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

      <varlistentry id="dig">
        <term><command>dig</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>interrogates DNS servers.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind dig">
            <primary sortas="b-dig">dig</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="dnssec-keygen">
        <term><command>dnssec-keygen</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a key generator for secure DNS.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind dnssec-keygen">
            <primary sortas="b-dnssec-keygen">dnssec-keygen</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="dnssec-signzone">
        <term><command>dnssec-signzone</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>generates signed versions of zone files.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind dnssec-signzone">
            <primary sortas="b-dnssec-signzone">dnssec-signzone</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="host">
        <term><command>host</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a utility for DNS lookups.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind host">
            <primary sortas="b-host">host</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lwresd">
        <term><command>lwresd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a caching-only name server for local process use.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind lwresd">
            <primary sortas="b-lwresd">lwresd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="named">
        <term><command>named</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is the name server daemon.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind named">
            <primary sortas="b-named">named</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="named-checkconf">
        <term><command>named-checkconf</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>checks the syntax of <filename>named.conf</filename>
          files.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind named-checkconf">
            <primary sortas="b-named-checkconf">named-checkconf</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="named-checkzone">
        <term><command>named-checkzone</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>checks zone file validity.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind named-checkzone">
            <primary sortas="b-named-checkzone">named-checkzone</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="nslookup">
        <term><command>nslookup</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a program used to query Internet domain nameservers.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind nslookup">
            <primary sortas="b-nslookup">nslookup</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="nsupdate">
        <term><command>nsupdate</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is used to submit DNS update requests.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind nsupdate">
            <primary sortas="b-nsupdate">nsupdate</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rndc">
        <term><command>rndc</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>controls the operation of <application>BIND</application>.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind rndc">
            <primary sortas="b-rndc">rndc</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rndc-confgen">
        <term><command>rndc-confgen</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>generates <filename>rndc.conf</filename> files.</para>
          <indexterm zone="bind rndc-confgen">
            <primary sortas="b-rndc-confgen">rndc-confgen</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>