[0931098] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[6732c094] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[0931098] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[e4e0d060] | 7 | <!ENTITY openssh-download-http "http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-&openssh-version;.tar.gz">
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[3a3b19b] | 8 | <!ENTITY openssh-download-ftp "ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-&openssh-version;.tar.gz">
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[6c24da75] | 9 | <!ENTITY openssh-md5sum "50a800fd2c6def9e9a53068837e87b91">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY openssh-size "968 KB">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY openssh-buildsize "16.2 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY openssh-time "0.5 SBU (additional 1.2 SBU to run the test suite)">
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[0931098] | 13 | ]>
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| 14 |
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[1708d1e9] | 15 | <sect1 id="openssh" xreflabel="OpenSSH-&openssh-version;">
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[e4e0d060] | 16 | <?dbhtml filename="openssh.html"?>
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <sect1info>
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| 19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 21 | </sect1info>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <title>OpenSSH-&openssh-version;</title>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <indexterm zone="openssh">
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| 26 | <primary sortas="a-OpenSSH">OpenSSH</primary>
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| 27 | </indexterm>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 30 | <title>Introduction to OpenSSH</title>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <para>The <application>OpenSSH</application> package contains
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| 33 | <command>ssh</command> clients and the <command>sshd</command> daemon.
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| 34 | This is useful for encrypting authentication and subsequent traffic
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| 35 | over a network.</para>
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| 36 |
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| 37 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 38 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 39 | <listitem>
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| 40 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&openssh-download-http;"/></para>
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| 41 | </listitem>
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| 42 | <listitem>
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| 43 | <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&openssh-download-ftp;"/></para>
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| 44 | </listitem>
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| 45 | <listitem>
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| 46 | <para>Download MD5 sum: &openssh-md5sum;</para>
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| 47 | </listitem>
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| 48 | <listitem>
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| 49 | <para>Download size: &openssh-size;</para>
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| 50 | </listitem>
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| 51 | <listitem>
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| 52 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &openssh-buildsize;</para>
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| 53 | </listitem>
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| 54 | <listitem>
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| 55 | <para>Estimated build time: &openssh-time;</para>
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| 56 | </listitem>
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| 57 | </itemizedlist>
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| 58 |
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| 59 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">OpenSSH Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 60 |
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| 61 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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[a6ac43b] | 62 | <para role="required"><xref linkend="openssl"/></para>
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[e4e0d060] | 63 |
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| 64 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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[a6ac43b] | 65 | <para role="optional"><xref linkend="linux-pam"/>,
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[e4e0d060] | 66 | <xref linkend="tcpwrappers"/>,
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[e77976f] | 67 | <xref linkend="x-window-system"/>,
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[e4e0d060] | 68 | <xref linkend="mitkrb"/> or <xref linkend="heimdal"/>,
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| 69 | <xref linkend="net-tools"/>,
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[b21c661] | 70 | <xref linkend="sysstat"/>,
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[608a225] | 71 | <ulink url="http://www.opensc-project.org/">OpenSC</ulink>, and
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[9561d7e] | 72 | <ulink
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| 73 | url="http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/smartcard/sectok.html">libsectok</ulink></para>
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| 74 |
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[1663c2b5] | 75 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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| 76 | <ulink url='&blfs-wiki;/OpenSSH'/></para>
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[e4e0d060] | 77 |
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| 78 | </sect2>
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| 79 |
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| 80 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 81 | <title>Installation of OpenSSH</title>
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| 82 |
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| 83 | <para><application>OpenSSH</application> runs as two processes when
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| 84 | connecting to other computers. The first process is a privileged process
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| 85 | and controls the issuance of privileges as necessary. The second process
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| 86 | communicates with the network. Additional installation steps are necessary
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[3de6059] | 87 | to set up the proper environment, which are performed by issuing the
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| 88 | following commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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| 89 | user:</para>
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[e4e0d060] | 90 |
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[45f3870] | 91 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m700 -d /var/lib/sshd &&
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| 92 | chown -v root:sys /var/lib/sshd &&
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[b21c661] | 93 | groupadd -g 50 sshd &&
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| 94 | useradd -c 'sshd PrivSep' -d /var/lib/sshd -g sshd \
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| 95 | -s /bin/false -u 50 sshd</userinput></screen>
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[0931098] | 96 |
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[e4e0d060] | 97 | <para><application>OpenSSH</application> is very sensitive to changes in
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| 98 | the linked <application>OpenSSL</application> libraries. If you recompile
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| 99 | <application>OpenSSL</application>, <application>OpenSSH</application> may
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| 100 | fail to startup. An alternative is to link against the static
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| 101 | <application>OpenSSL</application> library. To link against the static
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| 102 | library, execute the following command:</para>
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[0931098] | 103 |
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[6c24da75] | 104 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's@-lcrypto@/usr/lib/libcrypto.a -ldl@' configure</userinput></screen>
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[0931098] | 105 |
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[e4e0d060] | 106 | <para>Install <application>OpenSSH</application> by running
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| 107 | the following commands:</para>
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[0931098] | 108 |
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[6c24da75] | 109 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's@ -ldes@@' configure &&
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| 110 | ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh --datadir=/usr/share/sshd \
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[03fea94] | 111 | --libexecdir=/usr/lib/openssh --with-md5-passwords \
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[4ea98296] | 112 | --with-privsep-path=/var/lib/sshd \
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| 113 | --with-xauth=/usr/bin/xauth &&
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[3a3b19b] | 114 | make</userinput></screen>
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[1b83a7c1] | 115 |
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[e4e0d060] | 116 | <para>If you linked <application>tcp_wrappers</application> into the
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| 117 | build using the <option>--with-tcp-wrappers</option> parameter, ensure
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| 118 | you add 127.0.0.1 to the sshd line in <filename>/etc/hosts.allow</filename>
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| 119 | if you have a restrictive <filename>/etc/hosts.deny</filename> file, or the
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[7c9e252] | 120 | test suite will fail. Additionally, the testsuite requires an installed
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| 121 | copy of <command>scp</command> to complete the mulitplexing tests. To
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| 122 | run the test suite, issue the following commnds as the
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| 123 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 124 |
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| 125 | <screen role="root"><userinput>if test -f /usr/bin/scp
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| 126 | then
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| 127 | mv /usr/bin/scp /usr/bin/scp-bak
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| 128 | fi &&
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| 129 | cp scp /usr/bin/scp &&
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| 130 | make tests 2>&1 | tee check.log
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| 131 | grep "FATAL" check.log</userinput></screen>
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| 132 |
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| 133 | <para>If the above command produces no 'FATAL' errors, then proceed
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| 134 | with the installation, again as the
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| 135 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 136 |
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| 137 | <screen role="root"><userinput>rm /usr/bin/scp &&
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| 138 | if test -f /usr/bin/scp-bak
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| 139 | then
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| 140 | rm /usr/bin/scp-bak
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| 141 | fi &&
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| 142 | make install &&
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[45f3870] | 143 | install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/openssh-&openssh-version; &&
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| 144 | install -v -m644 INSTALL LICENCE OVERVIEW README* WARNING.RNG \
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| 145 | /usr/share/doc/openssh-&openssh-version;</userinput></screen>
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[e4e0d060] | 146 |
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| 147 | </sect2>
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| 148 |
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| 149 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 150 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 151 |
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[6c24da75] | 152 | <para><command>sed -i 's@ -ldes@@' configure</command>:
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[3a3b19b] | 153 | This command fixes a build crash if you used the
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| 154 | <option>--with-kerberos5</option> parameter and you built the
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| 155 | <application>Heimdal</application> package in accordance with the BLFS
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| 156 | instructions. The command is harmless in all other instances.</para>
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| 157 |
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[e4e0d060] | 158 | <para><parameter>--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh</parameter>: This prevents
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| 159 | the configuration files from being installed in
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| 160 | <filename class="directory">/usr/etc</filename>.</para>
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[f45b1953] | 161 |
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[6c24da75] | 162 | <para><parameter>--datadir=/usr/share/sshd</parameter>: This switch
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| 163 | puts the Ssh.bin file (used for SmartCard authentication) in
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| 164 | <filename class="directory">/usr/share/sshd</filename>.</para>
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| 165 |
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| 166 | <!-- WOW, this description is really old, IIRC it was obsolete shortly
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| 167 | before I was an editor, as the hint became a part of both books.
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| 168 | I'll leave it in for now JIC - Delete Later
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| 169 | <para><parameter>- -with-md5-passwords</parameter>: This is required
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[e4e0d060] | 170 | if you made the changes recommended by the shadowpasswd_plus
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| 171 | LFS hint on your SSH server when you installed the Shadow Password
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| 172 | Suite or if you access a SSH server that authenticates by
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| 173 | user passwords encrypted with md5.</para>
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[6c24da75] | 174 | -->
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| 175 |
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| 176 | <para><parameter>--with-md5-passwords</parameter>: This is required
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| 177 | with the default configuration of Shadow password suite in LFS.</para>
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[e4e0d060] | 178 |
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[1b744785] | 179 | <para><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/openssh</parameter>: This parameter
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[e4e0d060] | 180 | changes the installation path of some programs to
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[1b744785] | 181 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/openssh</filename> instead of
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[e4e0d060] | 182 | <filename class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename>.</para>
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| 183 |
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[ba7a0ce] | 184 | <para><parameter>--with-pam</parameter>: This parameter enables
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| 185 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> support in the build.</para>
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| 186 |
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[4ea98296] | 187 | <para><parameter>--with-xauth=/usr/bin/xauth</parameter>: Set the
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| 188 | default location for the <command>xauth</command> binary for X
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| 189 | authentication. Change the location if <command>xauth</command> will
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| 190 | be installed to a different path. This can also be controlled from
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| 191 | <filename>sshd_config</filename> with the XAuthLocation keyword.
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| 192 | You can ommit this switch if <application>Xorg</application> is already
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| 193 | installed.
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| 194 | </para>
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| 195 |
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[e4e0d060] | 196 | </sect2>
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| 197 |
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| 198 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 199 | <title>Configuring OpenSSH</title>
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| 200 |
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| 201 | <sect3 id="openssh-config">
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| 202 | <title>Config Files</title>
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| 203 |
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| 204 | <para><filename>~/.ssh/*</filename>,
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| 205 | <filename>/etc/ssh/ssh_config</filename>, and
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| 206 | <filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename></para>
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| 207 |
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| 208 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-config">
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| 209 | <primary sortas="e-AA.ssh">~/.ssh/*</primary>
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| 210 | </indexterm>
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| 211 |
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| 212 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-config">
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| 213 | <primary sortas="e-etc-ssh-ssh_config">/etc/ssh/ssh_config</primary>
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| 214 | </indexterm>
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| 215 |
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| 216 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-config">
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| 217 | <primary sortas="e-etc-ssh-sshd_config">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</primary>
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| 218 | </indexterm>
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| 219 |
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| 220 | <para>There are no required changes to any of these files. However,
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| 221 | you may wish to view the <filename class='directory'>/etc/ssh/</filename>
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[823b1a3] | 222 | files and make any changes appropriate for the security of your system.
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[bfb7882] | 223 | One recommended change is that you disable
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[823b1a3] | 224 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> login via
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| 225 | <command>ssh</command>. Execute the following command as the
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| 226 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user to disable
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| 227 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> login via
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[e4e0d060] | 228 | <command>ssh</command>:</para>
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| 229 |
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[6c24da75] | 230 | <screen role="root"><userinput>echo "PermitRootLogin no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config</userinput></screen>
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| 231 |
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| 232 | <para>If you added <application>LinuxPAM</application> support, then you
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| 233 | will need to add a configuration file for
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| 234 | <application>sshd</application>. Issue the following commands as the
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| 235 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 236 |
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| 237 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sed 's@d/login@d/sshd@g' /etc/pam.d/login > /etc/pam.d/sshd &&
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| 238 | chmod 644 /etc/pam.d/sshd</userinput></screen>
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[e4e0d060] | 239 |
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| 240 | <para>Additional configuration information can be found in the man
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| 241 | pages for <command>sshd</command>, <command>ssh</command> and
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| 242 | <command>ssh-agent</command>.</para>
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| 243 |
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| 244 | </sect3>
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| 245 |
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| 246 | <sect3 id="openssh-init">
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| 247 | <title>Boot Script</title>
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| 248 |
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| 249 | <para>To start the SSH server at system boot, install the
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| 250 | <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd</filename> init script included
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[5254d12] | 251 | in the <xref linkend="bootscripts"/> package.</para>
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[e4e0d060] | 252 |
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| 253 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-init">
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| 254 | <primary sortas="f-sshd">sshd</primary>
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| 255 | </indexterm>
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| 256 |
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| 257 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install-sshd</userinput></screen>
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| 258 |
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| 259 | </sect3>
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| 260 |
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| 261 | </sect2>
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| 262 |
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| 263 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 264 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 265 |
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| 266 | <segmentedlist>
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| 267 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 268 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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| 269 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 270 |
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| 271 | <seglistitem>
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| 272 | <seg>scp, sftp, sftp-server, slogin, ssh, sshd, ssh-add, ssh-agent,
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| 273 | ssh-keygen, ssh-keyscan, and ssh-keysign</seg>
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| 274 | <seg>None</seg>
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[45f3870] | 275 | <seg>/etc/ssh, /var/lib/sshd and
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| 276 | /usr/share/doc/openssh-&openssh-version;</seg>
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[e4e0d060] | 277 | </seglistitem>
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| 278 | </segmentedlist>
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| 279 |
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| 280 | <variablelist>
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| 281 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 282 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 283 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 284 |
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| 285 | <varlistentry id="scp">
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| 286 | <term><command>scp</command></term>
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| 287 | <listitem>
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| 288 | <para>is a file copy program that acts like <command>rcp</command>
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| 289 | except it uses an encrypted protocol.</para>
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| 290 | <indexterm zone="openssh scp">
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| 291 | <primary sortas="b-scp">scp</primary>
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| 292 | </indexterm>
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| 293 | </listitem>
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| 294 | </varlistentry>
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| 295 |
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| 296 | <varlistentry id="sftp">
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| 297 | <term><command>sftp</command></term>
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| 298 | <listitem>
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| 299 | <para>is an FTP-like program that works over
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| 300 | SSH1 and SSH2 protocols.</para>
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| 301 | <indexterm zone="openssh sftp">
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| 302 | <primary sortas="b-sftp">sftp</primary>
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| 303 | </indexterm>
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| 304 | </listitem>
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| 305 | </varlistentry>
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| 306 |
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| 307 | <varlistentry id="sftp-server">
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| 308 | <term><command>sftp-server</command></term>
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| 309 | <listitem>
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[0c6194bb] | 310 | <para>is an SFTP server subsystem. This program is not normally
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| 311 | called directly by the user.</para>
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[e4e0d060] | 312 | <indexterm zone="openssh sftp-server">
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| 313 | <primary sortas="b-sftp-server">sftp-server</primary>
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| 314 | </indexterm>
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| 315 | </listitem>
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| 316 | </varlistentry>
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| 317 |
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| 318 | <varlistentry id="slogin">
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| 319 | <term><command>slogin</command></term>
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| 320 | <listitem>
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| 321 | <para>is a symlink to <command>ssh</command>.</para>
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| 322 | <indexterm zone="openssh slogin">
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| 323 | <primary sortas="g-slogin">slogin</primary>
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| 324 | </indexterm>
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| 325 | </listitem>
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| 326 | </varlistentry>
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| 327 |
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| 328 | <varlistentry id="ssh">
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| 329 | <term><command>ssh</command></term>
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| 330 | <listitem>
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| 331 | <para>is an <command>rlogin</command>/<command>rsh</command>-like
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| 332 | client program except it uses an encrypted protocol.</para>
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| 333 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh">
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| 334 | <primary sortas="b-ssh">ssh</primary>
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| 335 | </indexterm>
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| 336 | </listitem>
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| 337 | </varlistentry>
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| 338 |
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| 339 | <varlistentry id="sshd">
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| 340 | <term><command>sshd</command></term>
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| 341 | <listitem>
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| 342 | <para>is a daemon that listens for <command>ssh</command> login
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| 343 | requests.</para>
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| 344 | <indexterm zone="openssh sshd">
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| 345 | <primary sortas="b-sshd">sshd</primary>
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| 346 | </indexterm>
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| 347 | </listitem>
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| 348 | </varlistentry>
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| 349 |
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| 350 | <varlistentry id="ssh-add">
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| 351 | <term><command>ssh-add</command></term>
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| 352 | <listitem>
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| 353 | <para>is a tool which adds keys to the
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| 354 | <command>ssh-agent</command>.</para>
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| 355 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-add">
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| 356 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-add">ssh-add</primary>
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| 357 | </indexterm>
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| 358 | </listitem>
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| 359 | </varlistentry>
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| 360 |
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| 361 | <varlistentry id="ssh-agent">
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| 362 | <term><command>ssh-agent</command></term>
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| 363 | <listitem>
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| 364 | <para>is an authentication agent that can store private keys.</para>
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| 365 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-agent">
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| 366 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-agent">ssh-agent</primary>
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| 367 | </indexterm>
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| 368 | </listitem>
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| 369 | </varlistentry>
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| 370 |
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| 371 | <varlistentry id="ssh-keygen">
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| 372 | <term><command>ssh-keygen</command></term>
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| 373 | <listitem>
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| 374 | <para>is a key generation tool.</para>
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| 375 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-keygen">
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| 376 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-keygen">ssh-keygen</primary>
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| 377 | </indexterm>
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| 378 | </listitem>
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| 379 | </varlistentry>
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| 380 |
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| 381 | <varlistentry id="ssh-keyscan">
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| 382 | <term><command>ssh-keyscan</command></term>
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| 383 | <listitem>
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| 384 | <para>is a utility for gathering public host keys from a
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| 385 | number of hosts.</para>
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| 386 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-keyscan">
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| 387 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-keyscan">ssh-keyscan</primary>
|
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| 388 | </indexterm>
|
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| 389 | </listitem>
|
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| 390 | </varlistentry>
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| 391 |
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| 392 | <varlistentry id="ssh-keysign">
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| 393 | <term><command>ssh-keysign</command></term>
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| 394 | <listitem>
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| 395 | <para>is used by <command>ssh</command> to access the local host
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| 396 | keys and generate the digital signature required during hostbased
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[0c6194bb] | 397 | authentication with SSH protocol version 2. This program is not normally
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| 398 | called directly by the user.</para>
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[e4e0d060] | 399 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-keysign">
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| 400 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-keysign">ssh-keysign</primary>
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| 401 | </indexterm>
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| 402 | </listitem>
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| 403 | </varlistentry>
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| 404 |
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| 405 | </variablelist>
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| 406 |
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| 407 | </sect2>
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| 408 |
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| 409 | </sect1>
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