source: server/other/bind/bind-config.xml@ 23d784b

<sect2>
<title>Configuring
<application><acronym>BIND</acronym></application></title>

<sect3><title>Config files</title>
<para><filename>named.conf</filename>, <filename>root.hints</filename>,
<filename>127.0.0</filename>, <filename>rndc.conf</filename></para>
</sect3>

<sect3><title>Configuration Information</title>

<para>We will configure
<application><acronym>BIND</acronym></application> to run in a chroot
jail as an unprivileged user (named). This configuration is more secure
in that a <acronym>DNS</acronym> compromise can only affect a few files
in the named user's <envar>HOME</envar> directory.</para> 

<para>First we create the unprivileged user and group named:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>groupadd named &amp;&amp;
useradd -m -g named -s /bin/false named</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Then we set up some files, directories and devices needed by
<application><acronym>BIND</acronym></application>:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cd /home/named &amp;&amp;
mkdir -p dev etc/namedb/slave var/run &amp;&amp;
mknod /home/named/dev/null c 1 3 &amp;&amp;
mknod /home/named/dev/random c 1 8 &amp;&amp;
chmod 666 /home/named/dev/{null,random} &amp;&amp;
mkdir /home/named/etc/namedb/pz &amp;&amp;
cp /etc/localtime /home/named/etc</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Create the <filename>named.conf</filename> file from which named
will read the location of zone files, root name servers and secure
<acronym>DNS</acronym> keys:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt; /home/named/etc/named.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
 options {
     directory "/etc/namedb";
    pid-file "/var/run/named.pid";
    statistics-file "/var/run/named.stats";
       
 };
 controls {
     inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndc_key; };
 };
 key "rndc_key" {
     algorithm hmac-md5;
     secret "<replaceable>[c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K]</replaceable>";
 };
 zone "." {
     type hint;
     file "root.hints";
 };
 zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
     type master;
     file "pz/127.0.0";
 };
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Create a zone file with the following contents:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt; /home/named/etc/namedb/pz/127.0.0 &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
$TTL 3D
@      IN      SOA     ns.local.domain. hostmaster.local.domain. (
                        1       ; Serial
                        8H      ; Refresh
                        2H      ; Retry
                        4W      ; Expire
                        1D)     ; Minimum TTL
                NS      ns.local.domain.
1               PTR     localhost.
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Create the <filename>root.hints</filename> file with the following
commands:</para>

<note><para>Caution must be used to ensure no leading spaces in this
file.</para></note>

<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt; /home/named/etc/namedb/root.hints &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
.                       6D  IN      NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       198.41.0.4
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.203.230.10
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.112.36.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       128.63.2.53
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.36.148.17
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.58.128.30
K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       193.0.14.129
L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       198.32.64.12
M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       202.12.27.33
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<para>The <filename>root.hints</filename> file is a list of root name
servers. This file must be updated periodically with the
<command>dig</command> utility.
Consult the <application><acronym>BIND</acronym></application> 9 Administrator Reference Manual for
details.</para>

<para>Create the <filename>rndc.conf</filename> with the following commands:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt; /etc/rndc.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
key rndc_key {
algorithm "hmac-md5";
    secret
    "<replaceable>[c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K]</replaceable>";
    };
options {
    default-server localhost;
    default-key    rndc_key;
};
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<para>The <filename>rndc.conf</filename> file contains information for
controlling named operations with the <command>rndc</command>
utility.</para>

<para>Create or modify <filename>resolv.conf</filename> to use the new
name server with the following commands:</para>

<note><para>Replace yourdomain.com with your own valid domain
name.</para></note>

<screen><userinput><command>cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.bak &amp;&amp;
cat &gt; /etc/resolv.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
search yourdomain.com
nameserver 127.0.0.1
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Set permissions on the chroot jail with the following
command:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>chown -R named.named /home/named</command></userinput></screen>

<para>To start the DNS server at boot, install <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/bind</filename>
init script included in the <xref linkend="intro-important-bootscripts"/> package.</para>
                                                                                                                
<screen><userinput><command>make install-bind</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Now start <application><acronym>BIND</acronym></application> with
the new boot script:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>/etc/rc.d/init.d/bind start</command></userinput></screen>

</sect3>

<sect3><title>Testing <application><acronym>BIND</acronym></application></title>

<para>Test out the new
<application><acronym>BIND</acronym></application> 9 installation. First
query the local host address with <command>dig</command>:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>dig -x 127.0.0.1</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Now try an external name lookup, taking note of the speed
difference in repeated lookups due to the caching. Run the dig command
twice on the same address:</para>

<para><screen><userinput><command>dig beyond.linuxfromscratch.org &amp;&amp;
dig beyond.linuxfromscratch.org</command></userinput></screen>
You can see almost instantaneous results with the named caching lookups.
Consult <filename>bind-&bind-version;/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.html</filename>,
the <application><acronym>BIND</acronym></application> Administrator
Reference Manual for further configuration options.</para>

</sect3>

</sect2>