source: server/other/cvsserver.xml@ c628659

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<sect1 id="cvsserver" xreflabel="Running a CVS Server">
<?dbhtml filename="cvsserver.html"?>
<title>Running a CVS server</title>

<sect2>
<title>Running a <acronym>CVS</acronym> server</title>

<para>This section will describe how to set up, administer and secure
a <acronym>CVS</acronym> server.</para>

<sect3><title><application>CVS server</application> dependencies</title>
<sect4><title>Required</title>
<para><xref linkend="cvs"/> and <xref linkend="openssh"/></para></sect4>
</sect3>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Setting up a <acronym>CVS</acronym> server.</title>

<para>A <acronym>CVS</acronym> server will be set up using OpenSSH 
as the remote access method.  Other access methods, including :pserver: and
:server: will not be used for write access to the <acronym>CVS</acronym> 
repository.  The :pserver: method sends clear text passwords over the network 
and the :server: method is not supported in all <acronym>CVS</acronym> ports.  
Instructions for anonymous, read only <acronym>CVS</acronym> access using 
:pserver: can be found at the end of this section.</para>

<para>Configuration of the <acronym>CVS</acronym> server consists of four 
steps:</para>

<sect3><title>1. Create a repository.</title>
<para>Create a new <acronym>CVS</acronym> repository with the following 
commands:</para>
<screen><userinput><command>mkdir /home/cvsroot &amp;&amp;
chmod 1777 /home/cvsroot &amp;&amp;
export CVSROOT=/home/cvsroot &amp;&amp;
cvs init</command></userinput></screen></sect3>

<sect3><title>2. Import source code into the repository.</title>
<para>Import a source module into the repository with the following
commands, issued from a user account on the same machine as the 
<acronym>CVS</acronym> repository:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>export CVSROOT=/home/cvsroot &amp;&amp;
cd <replaceable>[sourcedir]</replaceable> &amp;&amp;
cvs import -m <replaceable>["repository test"] [cvstest] [vendortag] [releasetag]</replaceable></command></userinput></screen></sect3>

<sect3><title>3. Verify local repository access.</title>
<para>Test access to the <acronym>CVS</acronym> repository from the same user 
account with the following command:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cvs co cvstest</command></userinput></screen></sect3>

<sect3><title>4. Verify remote repository access.</title>
<para>Test access to the <acronym>CVS</acronym> repository from a remote 
machine using a user account that has <command>ssh</command> access to the 
<acronym>CVS</acronym> server with the following commands:</para>
<note><para>Replace <replaceable>[servername]</replaceable> with the 
<acronym>IP</acronym> address or host name of the <acronym>CVS</acronym> 
repository machine.  You will be prompted for the user's shell account password 
before <acronym>CVS</acronym> checkout can continue.</para></note>


<screen><userinput><command>export CVS_RSH=/usr/bin/ssh &amp;&amp;
cvs -d:ext:<replaceable>[servername]</replaceable>:/cvsroot co cvstest</command></userinput></screen></sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Configuring <acronym>CVS</acronym> for anonymous read only access.</title>

<para><acronym>CVS</acronym> can be set up to allow anonymous read only access 
using the :pserver: method by logging on as root and executing the following
commands:</para> 

<screen><userinput><command>(grep anonymous /etc/passwd || useradd anonymous -s /bin/false) &amp;&amp;
echo anonymous: &gt; /home/cvsroot/CVSROOT/passwd &amp;&amp;
echo anonymous &gt; /home/cvsroot/CVSROOT/readers</command></userinput></screen>

<para>If you use <command>inetd</command>, the following command will add the 
pserver entry to <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>echo "2401  stream  tcp  nowait  root  /usr/bin/cvs cvs -f \
    --allow-root=/home/cvsroot pserver" &gt;&gt; /etc/inetd.conf</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Issue a <command>killall -HUP inetd</command> to reread the changed
<filename>inetd.conf</filename> file.</para>

<para>If you use <command>xinetd</command>, the following command will add the 
pserver entry to <filename>/etc/xinetd.conf</filename>:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/xinetd.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
     service cvspserver
     {
          port        = 2401
          socket_type = stream
          protocol    = tcp
          wait        = no
          user        = root
          passenv     = PATH
          server      = /usr/bin/cvs
          server_args = -f --allow-root=/home/cvsroot pserver
     }
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
<para>Issue a <command>/etc/rc.d/init.d/xinetd reload</command> to reread the changed
<filename>xinetd.conf</filename> file.</para>

<para>Testing anonymous access to the new repository requires an account
on another machine that can reach the <acronym>CVS</acronym> server via 
network.  No account on the <acronym>CVS</acronym> repository is needed.  To 
test anonymous access to the <acronym>CVS</acronym> repository, log in to 
another machine as an unprivileged user and execute the following command:
</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@<replaceable>[servername]</replaceable>:/home/cvsroot co cvstest</command></userinput></screen>
<note><para>Replace <replaceable>[servername]</replaceable> with the <acronym>IP</acronym> address or 
hostname of the <acronym>CVS</acronym> server</para></note>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Command explanations</title>

<para><command>mkdir /home/cvsroot</command>: Create the <acronym>CVS</acronym> 
repository directory.</para>

<para><command>chmod 1777 /home/cvsroot</command>: Set sticky bit permissions for 
<envar>CVSROOT</envar>.</para>

<para><command>export CVSROOT=/home/cvsroot</command>: Specify new <envar>CVSROOT
</envar> for all <command>cvs</command> commands.</para>

<para><command>cvs init</command>: Initialize the new <acronym>CVS</acronym> 
repository.</para>

<para><command>cvs import -m "repository test" cvstest vendortag
releasetag</command>: All source code modules must be imported
into the <acronym>CVS</acronym> repository before use, with the
<command>cvs import</command> command.  The <userinput>-m</userinput> 
flags specifies an initial descriptive entry for the new module.
The "cvstest" parameter is the name used for the module in all
subsequent <command>cvs</command> commands.  The "vendortag" and "releasetag" 
parameters are used to further identify each <acronym>CVS</acronym> module and 
are mandatory whether used or not.</para>

<para><command>(grep anonymous /etc/passwd || useradd anonymous -s
/bin/false)</command>: Check for an existing anonymous user and
create one if not found.</para>

<para><command>echo anonymous: &gt; /home/cvsroot/CVSROOT/passwd
</command>: Add the anonymous user to the <acronym>CVS</acronym> passwd file, 
which is unused for anything else in this configuration.</para>

<para><command>echo anonymous &gt; /home/cvsroot/CVSROOT/readers</command>: Add the 
anonymous user to the <acronym>CVS</acronym> readers file, a list of
users who have read only access to the repository.</para>

</sect2>

</sect1>