source: server/other/svnserver.xml@ 42c74de

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;

]>

<sect1 id="svnserver" xreflabel="Running a Subversion Server">
<?dbhtml filename="svnserver.html"?>
<title>Running a Subversion Server</title>

<sect2>
<title>Running a Subversion Server</title>
<para>This section will describe how to set up, administer and secure
a <application>Subversion</application> server.  Since 
<application>Subversion</application> is intended to replace 
<acronym>CVS</acronym>, it may surprise you how very different the setup
of a <application>Subversion</application> repository is compared to a
<acronym>CVS</acronym> repository.</para>

<sect3><title><application>Subversion server</application> dependencies</title>
<sect4><title>Required</title>
<para><xref linkend="subversion"/> and <xref linkend="openssh"/></para></sect4>
</sect3>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Setting up a <application>Subversion</application> server.</title>
                                                                               
<para>A <application>Subversion</application> server will be set up using 
OpenSSH as the remote access method.</para>

<para>Configuration of the <application>Subversion</application> server 
consists of the following steps:</para>
                                                                                
<sect3><title>1.  Setup users, groups, and permissions</title>
<para>You'll need to be user root for the initial portion of
configuration.  Create the svn user and group with the following 
commands:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>groupadd svn &amp;&amp;
useradd -c "SVN Owner" -d /home/svn -m -g svn -s /bin/false svn</command></userinput></screen>

<para>If you plan to have multiple repositories, you should have a 
group dedicated to each repository for ease of administration.  Create
the svntest group for our test repository and add the svn user to that
group with the following commands:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>groupadd svntest &amp;&amp;
usermod -G svntest svn</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Additionally you should set umask '002' while working with a
repository so that all new files will be writable by owner and group.
We'll make this mandatory by writing a wrapper script for
<command>svn</command> and <command>svnserve</command>:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>mv /usr/bin/svn /usr/bin/svn.orig &amp;&amp;
mv /usr/bin/svnserve /usr/bin/svnserve.orig &amp;&amp;
cat &gt;&gt; /usr/bin/svn &lt;&lt; "EOF" &amp;&amp;</command>
#!/bin/sh
umask 002
/usr/bin/svn.orig "$@"
<command>EOF
cat &gt;&gt; /usr/bin/svnserve &lt;&lt; "EOF" &amp;&amp;</command>
#!/bin/sh
umask 002
/usr/bin/svnserve.orig "$@"
<command>EOF
chmod 0755 /usr/bin/svn{,serve}</command></userinput></screen>

<note>If you use <application>apache</application> for working with 
the repository over the web, even for anonymous access, you should wrap 
<application>apache</application> in a similar script.</note>

</sect3>

<sect3><title>2.  Create a <application>Subversion</application>
repository.</title>
<para>Create a new <application>Subversion</application> repository with
the following commands:</para>
<screen><userinput><command>install -d -m0755 /srv &amp;&amp;
install -d -m0755 -o svn -g svn /srv/svn/repositories &amp;&amp;
svnadmin create /srv/svn/repositories/svntest</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Now that the repository is created, we need to populate it with
something useful.  You'll need to have a predefined directory layout 
setup exactly as you want your repository to look.  For example, here 
is a sample BLFS layout setup with a root of <filename>svntest/</filename>.
You'll need to setup a directory tree similar to the following:</para>

<screen>          svntest/            # The name of the repository
             trunk/           # Contains the existing source tree
                BOOK/
                bootscripts/
                edguide/
                patches/
                scripts/
             branches/        # Needed for additional branches
             tags/            # Needed for tagging release points</screen>

<para>Once you've created your directory layout as above, you are ready to 
do the initial import:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>svn import -m "Initial import." \
    <replaceable>[/path/to/source/tree]</replaceable> \
    file:///srv/svn/repositories/svntest</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Now go ahead and change owner and group information on the
repository, add your normal user to the svn and svntest groups:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>chown -R svn:svntest /srv/svn/repositories/svntest &amp;&amp;
chmod -R g+w /srv/svn/repositories/svntest &amp;&amp;
chmod g+s /srv/svn/repositories/svntest/db &amp;&amp;
usermod -G svn,svntest,<replaceable>[insert existing groups]</replaceable> <replaceable>[username]</replaceable></command></userinput></screen>

<para>svntest is the group assigned to the svntest repository.  As
mentioned earlier, this eases administration of multiple repositories.
Going forward, you'll need to add your regular user, and any additional
users that you wish to have write access to the repository, to the svn and
svntest groups.</para>
         
<para>In addition, you'll notice that the new repository's
<filename>db</filename> directory is set-groupID.  If the reasoning is 
not immediately obvious, when using any external authentication method 
(such as ssh), the sticky bit is set so that all new files will be owned
by the user, but group of svntest.  Anyone in the svntest group can 
create files, but still give the entire group write access to those 
files.  This avoids locking out other users from the repository.</para>

<para>Now, go ahead and return to your normal user account, and take a look at 
your new repository using svnlook:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>svnlook tree /srv/svn/repositories/svntest/</command></userinput></screen>

<note>You may need to logout and back in again to refresh your group
memberships.  'su <replaceable>[username]</replaceable>' should work
around this as well. </note>

</sect3>

<sect3><title>3.  Configure the server</title>

<para>These instructions will configure the server to use only ssh 
for write permission, and provide anonymous read-only permission.  There
are several other ways to provide access to the repository.  These
additional configurations are best explained at 
<ulink url="http://svnbook.red-bean.com/" />.</para>

<para>Access configuration needs to be done for each repository.  Create 
the <filename>svnserve.conf</filename> file for the svntest repository 
using the following commands:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cp /srv/svn/repositories/svntest/conf/svnserve.conf \
    /srv/svn/repositories/svntest/conf/svnserve.conf.default &amp;&amp;
cat &gt; /srv/svn/repositories/svntest/conf/svnserve.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
[general]
anon-access = read
auth-access = write
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<para>There is not a lot to the configuration file at all.  You'll notice 
that only the general section is required.  Take a look at the
<filename>svnserve.conf.default</filename> for information on using
<command>svnserve</command>'s built-in authentication method.</para>

</sect3>

<sect3><title>4.  Starting the server</title>
<para>There are a couple of ways to start <command>svnserve</command>.  The
most common way is to start it as an <application>inetd</application> or 
<application>xinetd</application> process.  Alternately, you can use a
bootscript to start the service at startup.</para>

<para>If you use <application>inetd</application>, add a line to your
<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> using the following commands:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/inetd.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
svn stream tcp nowait svn /usr/bin/svnserve svnserve -i
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<para>If you use <application>xinetd</application>, add the following
lines to <filename>/etc/xinetd.conf</filename> file:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/xinetd.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
service svn
{
        port                    = 3690
        socket_type             = stream
        protocol                = tcp
        wait                    = no
        user                    = svn
        server                  = /usr/bin/svnserve
        server_args             = -i -r /srv/svn/repositories
}
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Finally, if you wish to simply start the sever in daemon mode at
startup, install the svn bootscript included in the 
<xref linkend="intro-important-bootscripts"/> package.</para>

<screen><userinput><command>make install-svn</command></userinput></screen>

</sect3>

</sect2>

</sect1>