[e180a646] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="TTF-and-OTF-fonts">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="TTF-and-OTF-fonts.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 |
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| 12 | <title>TTF and OTF fonts</title>
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| 13 |
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| 14 | <indexterm zone="TTF-and-OTF-fonts">
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| 15 | <primary sortas="a-TTF-and-OTF-fonts">TTF and OTF fonts</primary>
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| 16 | </indexterm>
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <!-- although indexterm entries can be added for the individual fonts, and
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| 19 | will link to the correct part of the page, that seems unnecessary unless
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| 20 | the font is linked from other pages -->
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| 21 |
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| 22 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 23 | <title>About TTF and OTF fonts</title>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <para>
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| 26 | Originally, Xorg provided only bitmap fonts. Later, some scalable
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| 27 | Type1 fonts were added, but the desktop world moved on to using TrueType
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| 28 | and Open Type fonts. To support these, Xorg uses Xft, the X FreeType
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| 29 | interface library.
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| 30 | </para>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <para>
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| 33 | These fonts can provide hints, which <application>fontconfig</application>
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| 34 | uses to adjust them for maximum readability on computer monitors. On linux
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| 35 | you should always prefer the hinted versions, if available (in general the
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| 36 | latin, cyrillic and greek alphabets can use hints, most other writing
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| 37 | systems do not use hinting).
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| 38 | </para>
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| 39 |
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| 40 | <para>
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| 41 | A few fonts are provided as collections (TTC or OTC) where font data
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| 42 | is shared between different fonts, thus saving disk space. Treat these in
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| 43 | exactly the same way as individual TTF or OTF files.
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| 44 | </para>
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| 45 |
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| 46 | <para>
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| 47 | If a font provides both TTF and OTF forms, prefer the OTF form in
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| 48 | linux, it may provide more features for programs which know how to use them
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| 49 | (such as xelatex).
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| 50 | </para>
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| 51 |
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| 52 | <para>
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| 53 | For some scripts <application>pango</application> is required to
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| 54 | render things correctly, either by selecting different glyph forms, or by
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| 55 | combining glyphs - in both cases, according to the context. This applies
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| 56 | particularly to arabic and indic scripts.
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| 57 | </para>
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| 58 |
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| 59 | <para>
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| 60 | Standard scalable fonts that come with <application>X</application>
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| 61 | provide very poor Unicode coverage. You may notice in applications that
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| 62 | use <application>Xft</application> that some characters appear as a box
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| 63 | with four binary digits inside. In this case, a font with the
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| 64 | required glyphs has not been found. Other times, applications that
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| 65 | don't use other font families by default and don't accept substitutions
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| 66 | from <application>Fontconfig</application> will display blank lines when
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| 67 | the default font doesn't cover the orthography of the user's language.
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| 68 | </para>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <para>
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| 71 | The fonts available to a program are those which were present when
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| 72 | it was started, so if you add an extra font and wish to use it in a program
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| 73 | which is currently running, then you will have to close and restart that
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| 74 | program.
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| 75 | </para>
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| 76 |
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| 77 | <para>
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| 78 | Some people are happy to have dozens, or even hundreds, of font files
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| 79 | available, but if you ever wish to select a specific font in a desktop
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| 80 | application (for example in a word processor) then scrolling through a lot of
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| 81 | fonts to find the right one is slow and awkward - fewer is better. So, for
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| 82 | some font packages you might decide to install only one of the fonts - but
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| 83 | nevertheless install the different variants (italic, bold, etc) as these are
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| 84 | all variations for the same font name.
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| 85 | </para>
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| 86 |
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| 87 | <para>
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| 88 | In the past, everybody recommended running <command>fc-cache</command>
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| 89 | as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user after installing
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| 90 | or removing fonts, but this is no-longer necessary on linux,
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| 91 | <application>fontconfig</application> will do it automatically if needed and
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| 92 | if its caches are more than 30 seconds old. But if you add a font and want to
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| 93 | immediately use it then you can run that command (as a normal user).
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| 94 | </para>
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| 95 |
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| 96 | <para>
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| 97 | There are several references below to CJK characters. This stands for
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| 98 | Chinese, Japanese and Korean, although modern Korean is now almost all
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| 99 | written using the phonetic Hangul glyphs (it used to sometimes use Hanja
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| 100 | glyphs which are similar to Chinese and Japanese). Unicode decided to go
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| 101 | for <ulink
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| 102 | url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_unification">Han Unification</ulink>
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| 103 | and to map some Chinese and Japanese glyphs to the same codepoints. This
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| 104 | was very unpopular in Japan, and the result is that different fonts will
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| 105 | render some codepoints in quite different shapes. In addition, Simplified
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| 106 | Chinese will sometimes use the same codepoint as Traditional Chinese but
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[0639bb6] | 107 | will show it differently, somewhat analogous to the different shapes used
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[e180a646] | 108 | for the letters 'a' and 'g' in English (single-storey and two-storey),
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| 109 | except that in a language context one will look "wrong" rather than just
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| 110 | "different".
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| 111 | </para>
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| 112 |
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| 113 | <para>
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| 114 | Unlike most other packages in this book, the BLFS editors do not
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| 115 | monitor the versions of the fonts on this page - once a font is good enough
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| 116 | for general use, the typical additions in a new version are minor (e.g. new
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| 117 | currency symbols, or glyphs not for a modern language, such as emojis or
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| 118 | playing cards). Therefore, none of these fonts show version or md5
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| 119 | information.
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| 120 | </para>
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| 121 |
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| 122 | <para>
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| 123 | The list below will not provide complete Unicode coverage.
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| 124 | Unicode is updated every year, and most additions are now for historic
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| 125 | writing systems. For almost-complete coverage you can install <xref
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| 126 | linkend="noto-fonts"/> (about 180 fonts when last checked) but that
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| 127 | number of fonts makes it <emphasis>much</emphasis> less convenient to
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| 128 | select a specific font in a document, and most people will regard many
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| 129 | of them as a waste of space. We used to recommend the <ulink
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[87fc185] | 130 | url="https://unifont.org/fontguide/">Unicode Font Guide</ulink>, but that
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[e180a646] | 131 | has not been updated since 2008 and many of its links are dead.
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| 132 | </para>
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| 133 |
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| 134 | <para>
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| 135 | Rendered examples of most of these fonts, and many others, with
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| 136 | details of what languages they cover, some examples of latin fonts with
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| 137 | the same metrics (listed as "Substitute latin fonts") and various files
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| 138 | of dummy text to compare fonts of similar types, can be found at this
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| 139 | <ulink url="http://zarniwhoop.uk/ttf-otf-notes.html#examples">
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| 140 | font comparison</ulink> page. That site also covers other current
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| 141 | writing systems.
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| 142 | </para>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | <para>
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| 145 | Fonts are often supplied in zip files, requiring <xref linkend="unzip"/>
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| 146 | to list and extract them, but even if the current release is a tarball
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[25ae8b8] | 147 | you should still check to see if it will create a directory (scattering
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[e180a646] | 148 | the contents of a zipfile or tarball across the current directory can be
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| 149 | very messy, and a few fonts create odd __MACOSX/ directories. In addition,
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| 150 | many fonts are supplied with permissions which do not let 'other' read
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| 151 | them - if a font is to be installed for system-wide use, any directories
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| 152 | must be mode 755 and all the files mode 644, so change them if necessary.
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| 153 | If you forget, the root user may be able to see a particular font in
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| 154 | <command>fc-list</command> but a normal user will not.
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| 155 | </para>
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| 156 |
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| 157 | <para>
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| 158 | As a font installation example, consider the installation of the
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| 159 | <xref linkend="dejavu-fonts"/>. In this particular package, the TTF files
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| 160 | are in a subdirectory. From the unpacked source directory, run the
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| 161 | following commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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| 162 | user:
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| 163 | </para>
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| 164 |
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| 165 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -d -m755 /usr/share/fonts/dejavu &&
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| 166 | install -v -m644 ttf/*.ttf /usr/share/fonts/dejavu &&
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| 167 | fc-cache -v /usr/share/fonts/dejavu</userinput></screen>
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| 168 |
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| 169 | <para>
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| 170 | If you wish, you can also install any licenses or other documentation,
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| 171 | either alongside the font or in a corresponding directory under
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| 172 | <filename class="directory">/usr/share/doc/</filename>.
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| 173 | </para>
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| 174 |
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| 175 | <para>
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| 176 | A few fonts ship with source as well as with the completed TTF or OTF
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| 177 | file(s). Unless you intend to modify the font, and have the correct tools
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| 178 | (sometimes <xref linkend="fontforge"/>, but often commercial tools), the
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| 179 | source will provide no benefit, so do not install it. One or two fonts even
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| 180 | ship with Web Open Font Format (WOFF) files - useful if you run a webserver
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| 181 | and want to use that font on it, but not useful for desktops.
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| 182 | </para>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <para>
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| 185 | To provide greater Unicode coverage, you are recommended to install
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[2c87187] | 186 | some of the following fonts, depending on what websites and languages you
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[e180a646] | 187 | wish to read. The next part of this page details some fonts which cover
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| 188 | at least latin alphabets, the final part deals with come CJK issues.
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| 189 | </para>
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| 190 |
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| 191 | <note>
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| 192 | <para>
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| 193 | You are strongly recommended to install the <xref
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| 194 | linkend="dejavu-fonts"/>.
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| 195 | </para>
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| 196 | </note>
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| 197 |
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| 198 | <!-- fonts covering at least latin languages, order alphabetically
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| 199 | NB the xreflabel in the bridgehead is used in any link names, the
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| 200 | associated text is embiggened for the heading, the text for the
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| 201 | sortas appears as the key in the longindex -->
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| 202 |
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| 203 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="Caladea"
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| 204 | xreflabel="Caladea">Caladea</bridgehead>
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| 205 |
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[71df408] | 206 | <para>
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[4ea982c2] | 207 | <ulink url="https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Caladea">Caladea</ulink>
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| 208 | (created as a Chrome OS extra font)
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| 209 | is metrically compatible with MS Cambria and can be used if you
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[71df408] | 210 | have to edit a document which somebody started in Microsoft Office using
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| 211 | Cambria and then return it to them.
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| 212 | </para>
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[e180a646] | 213 |
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| 214 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="cantarell-fonts"
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| 215 | xreflabel="Cantarell fonts">Cantarell fonts</bridgehead>
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| 216 |
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| 217 | <indexterm zone="TTF-and-OTF-fonts cantarell-fonts">
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| 218 | <primary sortas="a-cantarell-fonts">Cantarell fonts</primary>
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| 219 | </indexterm>
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| 220 |
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[71df408] | 221 | <para>
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| 222 | <ulink url=
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[faf2a31e] | 223 | "&gnome-download-http;/cantarell-fonts/">Cantarell fonts</ulink>
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[71df408] | 224 | – The Cantarell typeface family provides a contemporary Humanist
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| 225 | sans serif. It is particularly optimised for legibility at small sizes
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| 226 | and is the preferred font family for the
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| 227 | <application>GNOME-3</application> user interface.
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| 228 | </para>
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[e180a646] | 229 |
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[faf2a31e] | 230 | <para>
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| 231 | Please be aware that the current version includes a VF (Variable Font)
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| 232 | file can provide all the individual fonts (also supplied) but breaks
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| 233 | <application>xelatex</application> if it is found by
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| 234 | <application>fontconfig</application>. The individual fonts work fine.
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| 235 | </para>
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| 236 |
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[e180a646] | 237 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="Carlito"
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| 238 | xreflabel="Carlito">Carlito</bridgehead>
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| 239 |
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[71df408] | 240 | <para>
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| 241 | <ulink url=
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[4ea982c2] | 242 | "https://github.com/googlefonts/carlito">Carlito</ulink>
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| 243 | (created as another Chrome OS extra font)
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| 244 | is metrically compatible with MS Calibri and
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[e180a646] | 245 | can be used if you have to edit a document which somebody started in
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[71df408] | 246 | Microsoft Office using Calibri and then return it to them.
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| 247 | </para>
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[e180a646] | 248 |
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| 249 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="dejavu-fonts"
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| 250 | xreflabel="Dejavu fonts">DejaVu fonts</bridgehead>
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| 251 |
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| 252 | <indexterm zone="TTF-and-OTF-fonts dejavu-fonts">
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| 253 | <primary sortas="a-dejavu-fonts">DejaVu fonts</primary>
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| 254 | </indexterm>
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| 255 |
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| 256 | <para>
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| 257 | <ulink
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| 258 | url="https://sourceforge.net/projects/dejavu/files/dejavu/">DejaVu
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[71df408] | 259 | fonts</ulink> – These fonts are an extension of, and replacement
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| 260 | for, the Bitstream Vera fonts and provide Latin-based scripts with
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| 261 | accents and punctuation such as "smart-quotes" and variant spacing
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| 262 | characters, as well as Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Armenian,
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| 263 | Georgian and some other glyphs. In the absence of the Bitstream Vera
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| 264 | fonts (which had much less coverage), these are the default fallback
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| 265 | fonts.
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[e180a646] | 266 | </para>
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| 267 |
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| 268 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="freefont"
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| 269 | xreflabel="freefont">GNU FreeFont</bridgehead>
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| 270 |
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| 271 | <para>
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[579bdb04] | 272 | <ulink url="https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/freefont/">GNU FreeFont</ulink>
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[71df408] | 273 | – This set of fonts covers many non-CJK characters, in
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[e180a646] | 274 | particular some of the variants of latin and cyrillic letters used in
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| 275 | minority languages, but the glyphs are comparatively small (unlike DejaVu
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| 276 | fonts which are comparatively large) and rather light weight ("less black"
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| 277 | when black on white is used) which means that in some contexts such as
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| 278 | terminals they are not visually pleasing, for example when most other
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| 279 | glyphs are provided by another font. On the other hand, some fonts used
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| 280 | primarily for printed output, and many CJK fonts, are also light weight.
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| 281 | </para>
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| 282 |
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| 283 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="Gelasio"
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| 284 | xreflabel="Gelasio">Gelasio</bridgehead>
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| 285 |
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| 286 | <para>
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[93e8c5b] | 287 | <ulink url="https://fontlibrary.org/en/font/gelasio">Gelasio</ulink> is
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[e180a646] | 288 | metrically compatible with MS Georgia and
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| 289 | <application>fontconfig</application> will use it if ever Georgia is
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| 290 | requested but not installed.
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| 291 | </para>
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| 292 |
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| 293 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="liberation-fonts"
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| 294 | xreflabel="Liberation fonts">Liberation fonts</bridgehead>
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| 295 |
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| 296 | <indexterm zone="TTF-and-OTF-fonts liberation-fonts">
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| 297 | <primary sortas="a-liberation-fonts">Liberation fonts</primary>
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| 298 | </indexterm>
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| 299 |
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| 300 | <para>
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[faf2a31e] | 301 | The <ulink url="https://github.com/liberationfonts/"> Liberation
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[e180a646] | 302 | fonts</ulink> provide libre substitutes for Arial, Courier New, and Times
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| 303 | New Roman. <application>Fontconfig</application> will use them as
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| 304 | substitutes for those fonts, and also for the similar Helvetica, Courier,
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| 305 | Times Roman although for these latter it can prefer a different font (see
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| 306 | the examples in the 'Substitutes' PDFs at <ulink
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| 307 | url="http://zarniwhoop.uk/files/PDF-substitutes/"> zarniwhoop.uk).</ulink>
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| 308 | </para>
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| 309 |
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| 310 | <para>
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| 311 | Many people will find the Liberation fonts useful for pages where one of
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| 312 | those fonts is requested.
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| 313 | </para>
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| 314 |
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| 315 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="corefonts"
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| 316 | xreflabel="corefonts">Microsoft Core Fonts</bridgehead>
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| 317 |
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[71df408] | 318 | <para>
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[17aa21c] | 319 | The <ulink url="https://corefonts.sourceforge.net/">Microsoft Core
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[71df408] | 320 | fonts</ulink> date from 2002. They were supplied with old versions of
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| 321 | Microsoft Windows and were apparently made available for general use.
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| 322 | You can extract them from the 'exe' files using
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| 323 | <application>bsd-tar</application> from <xref linkend="libarchive"/>.
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| 324 | Be sure to read the license before using them. At one time some of
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| 325 | these fonts (particularly Arial, Times New Roman, and to a lesser
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| 326 | extent Courier New) were widely specified on web pages. The full set
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| 327 | contains Andale Mono, Arial, Arial Black, Comic Sans MS, Courier
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| 328 | New, Georgia, Impact, Times New Roman, Trebuchet MS, Verdana and
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| 329 | Webdings.
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[e180a646] | 330 | </para>
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| 331 |
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| 332 | <para>
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| 333 | Please note that if you only want to use a font with the same metrics
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| 334 | (character size, etc) as Arial, Courier New, or Times New Roman you can
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| 335 | use the libre Liberation Fonts (above), and similarly you can replace
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| 336 | Georgia with Gelasio.
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| 337 | </para>
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| 338 |
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| 339 | <para>
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| 340 | Although many old posts recommend installing these fonts for
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| 341 | better-looking output, there are more recent posts that these are ugly
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| 342 | or 'broken'. One suggestion is that they do not support anti-aliasing.
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| 343 | </para>
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| 344 |
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| 345 | <para>
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| 346 | The newer fonts which Microsoft made their defaults in later releases of
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| 347 | MS Windows or MS Office (Calibri and Cambria) have never been freely
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| 348 | available. But if you do not have them installed you can find metric
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| 349 | equivalents (Carlito, Caladea) above.
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| 350 | </para>
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| 351 |
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[7ba67dbe] | 352 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="noto-fonts"
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| 353 | xreflabel="Noto fonts">Noto fonts</bridgehead>
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| 354 |
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| 355 | <indexterm zone="TTF-and-OTF-fonts noto-fonts">
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| 356 | <primary sortas="a-noto-fonts">Noto fonts</primary>
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| 357 | </indexterm>
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| 358 |
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| 359 | <para>
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| 360 | The <ulink
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| 361 | url="https://www.google.com/get/noto/">Noto fonts</ulink> ('No Tofu', i.e.
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| 362 | avoiding boxes with dots [hex digits] when a glyph cannot be found) is a
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| 363 | set of fonts which aim to cover <emphasis>every glyph in unicode, no
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| 364 | matter how obscure</emphasis>. These fonts, or at least the Sans Serif
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| 365 | fonts, are used by KF5 (initially only for gtk applications). If you want
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| 366 | to cover historic languages, you can download all the fonts by clicking
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| 367 | on the link at the top of that page.
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| 368 | </para>
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| 369 |
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| 370 | <para>
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| 371 | People using languages written in Latin, Greek or Cyrillic alphabets need
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| 372 | only install Noto Sans itself, and perhaps Noto Sans Symbols for currency
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| 373 | symbols. For more details on the CJK fonts see <xref
|
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| 374 | linkend="NotoSansCJK"/> below. There are also separate fonts for every
|
---|
| 375 | other current writing system, but these too will also require Noto Sans
|
---|
| 376 | (or Noto Serif) and perhaps Noto Symbols.
|
---|
| 377 | </para>
|
---|
| 378 |
|
---|
| 379 | <para>
|
---|
| 380 | However, you should be aware that <application>fontconfig</application>
|
---|
| 381 | knows nothing about Noto fonts. The 'Noto Sans Something' fonts are each
|
---|
| 382 | treated as separate fonts (and for Arabic there is not a specifically Sans
|
---|
| 383 | name), so if you have other fonts installed then the choice of which font
|
---|
| 384 | to use for missing glyphs where 'Noto Sans' is specified will be random,
|
---|
| 385 | except that Sans fonts will be preferred over <emphasis>known</emphasis>
|
---|
| 386 | Serif and Monospace fonts because Sans is the fallback for unknown fonts.
|
---|
| 387 | </para>
|
---|
| 388 |
|
---|
| 389 |
|
---|
| 390 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="oxygen-fonts"
|
---|
| 391 | xreflabel="Oxygen fonts">Oxygen fonts</bridgehead>
|
---|
| 392 |
|
---|
| 393 | <indexterm zone="TTF-and-OTF-fonts oxygen-fonts">
|
---|
| 394 | <primary sortas="a-oxygen-fonts">Oxygen fonts</primary>
|
---|
| 395 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 396 |
|
---|
| 397 | <para>
|
---|
[71df408] | 398 | When KDE Frameworks 5 was first released, it used the <ulink url=
|
---|
[c6b192c] | 399 | "https://download.kde.org/stable/plasma/5.4.3/oxygen-fonts-5.4.3.tar.xz">
|
---|
[71df408] | 400 | Oxygen fonts</ulink>
|
---|
[7ba67dbe] | 401 | which were designed for integrated use with the KDE desktop. Those fonts
|
---|
| 402 | are no-longer actively maintained, so KDE made a decision to switch to
|
---|
| 403 | <xref linkend="noto-fonts"/>, but for the moment they are still
|
---|
| 404 | <emphasis>required</emphasis> by 'startkde'.
|
---|
| 405 | </para>
|
---|
| 406 |
|
---|
| 407 | <para>
|
---|
| 408 | Originally these fonts were only supplied as source, needing <xref
|
---|
| 409 | linkend="cmake"/> and <xref linkend="fontforge"/> to create the TTF
|
---|
[43cca44] | 410 | files. But for a while the source has also included the prepared TTF.
|
---|
[7ba67dbe] | 411 | The only unusual feature is that each TTF file is in its own subdirectory
|
---|
| 412 | (<filename class="directory">oxygen-fonts/{*-?00}/</filename>) with the
|
---|
| 413 | source in further subdirectories. You could just install the whole
|
---|
| 414 | tarball if you prefer, although that will waste space.
|
---|
| 415 | </para>
|
---|
| 416 |
|
---|
| 417 |
|
---|
[d9951ba] | 418 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="source-code-pro"
|
---|
| 419 | xreflabel="Source Code Pro">Source Code Pro</bridgehead>
|
---|
| 420 |
|
---|
| 421 | <indexterm zone="TTF-and-OTF-fonts source-code-pro">
|
---|
| 422 | <primary sortas="a-source-code-pro">Source Code Pro</primary>
|
---|
| 423 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 424 |
|
---|
| 425 | <para>
|
---|
| 426 | This set of fonts from Adobe (seven different weights) includes what is
|
---|
[71df408] | 427 | now the preferred monospace font for those applications which use <xref
|
---|
| 428 | linkend="gsettings-desktop-schemas"/>. The github release <ulink url=
|
---|
| 429 | "https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-code-pro.git#release">
|
---|
| 430 | source-code-pro</ulink>
|
---|
[437fc48c] | 431 | contains OTF (preferred) and TTF as well as the source and WOFF fonts.
|
---|
| 432 | </para>
|
---|
| 433 |
|
---|
| 434 | <para>
|
---|
| 435 | To use this in terminals, you probably only want the Regular font.
|
---|
| 436 | </para>
|
---|
| 437 |
|
---|
| 438 | <para>
|
---|
[71df408] | 439 | There is also an older TTF version of this available from <ulink url=
|
---|
| 440 | "https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Source+Code+Pro?selection.family=Source+Code+Pro">
|
---|
| 441 | Google fonts</ulink> but that has very limited coverage (adequate for most
|
---|
[437fc48c] | 442 | European languages using a latin alphabet).
|
---|
[d9951ba] | 443 | </para>
|
---|
| 444 |
|
---|
| 445 |
|
---|
[e180a646] | 446 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="CJKfonts"
|
---|
| 447 | xreflabel="CJKfonts">CJK fonts:</bridgehead>
|
---|
| 448 |
|
---|
| 449 | <para>
|
---|
| 450 | As indicated earlier, usage of a combination of Chinese, Japanese
|
---|
| 451 | and Korean can be tricky - each font only covers a subset of the available
|
---|
| 452 | codepoints, the preferred shapes of the glyphs can differ between the
|
---|
| 453 | languages, and many of the CJK fonts do not actually support modern
|
---|
| 454 | Korean.
|
---|
| 455 | </para>
|
---|
| 456 |
|
---|
| 457 | <para>
|
---|
| 458 | Also, by default <application>fontconfig</application> prefers Chinese to
|
---|
| 459 | Japanese. Tuning that is covered at <xref
|
---|
| 460 | linkend="prefer-chosen-CJK-fonts"/>.
|
---|
| 461 | </para>
|
---|
| 462 |
|
---|
| 463 | <para>
|
---|
| 464 | Although Unicode has been extended to allow a very large number of CJK
|
---|
| 465 | codepoints, those outside the Base Plane (greater than U+0xFFFF) are not
|
---|
| 466 | commonly used in Mandarin (the normal form of written Chinese, whether
|
---|
| 467 | Simplified (PRC) or Traditional (Taiwan)), or Japanese.
|
---|
| 468 | </para>
|
---|
| 469 |
|
---|
| 470 | <para>
|
---|
| 471 | For Hong Kong, which uses Traditional Chinese and where Cantonese is the
|
---|
| 472 | dominant language, the Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set was added to
|
---|
| 473 | Unicode in 2005 and revised in 2009 (it is part of CJK Extension B and
|
---|
| 474 | contains more than 1900 characters). Earlier fonts will not be able to
|
---|
| 475 | support either Cantonese or use of these characters where local names are
|
---|
| 476 | written in Mandarin. The UMing HK, Noto Sans CJK HK and WenQuanYi Zen Hei
|
---|
| 477 | fonts all seem to cover Hong Kong usage
|
---|
| 478 | (<application>fontconfig</application> disagrees about Noto Sans CJK HK).
|
---|
| 479 | </para>
|
---|
| 480 |
|
---|
| 481 | <para>
|
---|
| 482 | The Han glyphs are double-width, other glyphs in the same font may be
|
---|
| 483 | narrower. For their CJK content, all of these fonts can be regarded as
|
---|
| 484 | monospaced (i.e. fixed width).
|
---|
| 485 | </para>
|
---|
| 486 |
|
---|
| 487 | <para>
|
---|
| 488 | If all you wish to do is to be able to render CJK glyphs, installing
|
---|
| 489 | <xref linkend="wenquanyi-zenhei"/> may be a good place to start if you do
|
---|
| 490 | not already have a preference.
|
---|
| 491 | </para>
|
---|
| 492 |
|
---|
| 493 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="Chinese-fonts"
|
---|
| 494 | xreflabel="Chinese fonts">Chinese fonts:</bridgehead>
|
---|
| 495 |
|
---|
| 496 | <para>
|
---|
| 497 | In Chinese, there are three font styles in common use: Sung (also
|
---|
| 498 | known as Song or Ming) which is the most-common ornamented ("serif")
|
---|
| 499 | form, Kai ("brush strokes") which is an earlier ornamented style that
|
---|
| 500 | looks quite different, and modern Hei ("sans"). Unless you appreciate the
|
---|
| 501 | differences, you probably do not want to install Kai fonts.
|
---|
| 502 | </para>
|
---|
| 503 |
|
---|
| 504 | <!-- prefer the less-old Opendesktop-fonts to fireflysung
|
---|
[71df408] | 505 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4" id="fireflysung"
|
---|
| 506 | xreflabel="fireflysung">Fireflysung</bridgehead>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 507 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 508 | <para>
|
---|
| 509 | <ulink url=
|
---|
| 510 | "http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/blfs/conglomeration/Xorg//fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz">fireflysung</ulink>
|
---|
| 511 | – This font ('AR PL New Sung') was one of the first libre fonts to
|
---|
| 512 | provides Chinese coverage. <application>fontconfig</application> knows
|
---|
| 513 | it is to be treated as a Serif font.
|
---|
| 514 | </para> -->
|
---|
[e180a646] | 515 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 516 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4" id="NotoSansCJK"
|
---|
| 517 | xreflabel="Noto Sans CJK">Noto Sans CJK</bridgehead>
|
---|
| 518 |
|
---|
| 519 | <!-- indexterm entry retained for future linkage from kde -->
|
---|
| 520 | <indexterm zone="TTF-and-OTF-fonts NotoSansCJK">
|
---|
| 521 | <primary sortas="a-noto-sans-cjk">Noto Sans CJK</primary>
|
---|
| 522 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 523 |
|
---|
[97ee53d] | 524 | <para>
|
---|
| 525 | <ulink url="https://www.google.com/get/noto/help/cjk/">
|
---|
| 526 | Noto Sans CJK
|
---|
| 527 | </ulink>
|
---|
[71df408] | 528 | – Sans-Serif sets of all CJK fonts in a ttc – as the link
|
---|
| 529 | says, you can choose to install the TTC and cover all the languages in
|
---|
| 530 | all weights in a 110MB file, or you can download subsets. There are
|
---|
| 531 | also Monospace versions.
|
---|
| 532 | </para>
|
---|
| 533 |
|
---|
| 534 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4" id="Opendesktop-fonts"
|
---|
| 535 | xreflabel="Opendesktop-fonts">Opendesktop fonts</bridgehead>
|
---|
| 536 |
|
---|
[97ee53d] | 537 | <para>
|
---|
| 538 | A copy of version 1.4.2 of the
|
---|
| 539 | <ulink url="https://sources.archlinux.org/other/opendesktop-fonts/">
|
---|
| 540 | opendesktop-fonts
|
---|
| 541 | </ulink>
|
---|
[71df408] | 542 | is preserved at Arch. This was a later development of fireflysung which
|
---|
| 543 | BLFS used to recommend, adding Kai and Mono fonts. The name of the Sung
|
---|
| 544 | font remains 'AR PL New Sung' so they cannot both be installed together.
|
---|
| 545 | </para>
|
---|
| 546 |
|
---|
| 547 | <para>
|
---|
| 548 | At one time there was a 1.6 release, and more recently some versions at
|
---|
| 549 | github, which also included a Sans font (Odohei), but those have dropped
|
---|
| 550 | off the web and it is unclear if there was a problem.
|
---|
| 551 | <application>Fontconfig</application> does not know anything about the
|
---|
| 552 | later fonts (AR PL New Kai, AR PL New Sung Mono) and will default to
|
---|
| 553 | treating them as Sans.
|
---|
| 554 | </para>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 555 |
|
---|
| 556 | <!-- comment, because not recommended
|
---|
[71df408] | 557 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4" id="UKai"
|
---|
| 558 | xreflabel="UKai">UKai</bridgehead>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 559 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 560 | <para>
|
---|
| 561 | <ulink
|
---|
| 562 | url="http://packages.debian.org/sid/fonts-arphic-ukai">UKai fonts</ulink>
|
---|
| 563 | – sets of Chinese Kai fonts in a ttc which contain variations of
|
---|
| 564 | Simplified and Traditional (Taiwanese, second variant for different
|
---|
| 565 | <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo">bopomofo</ulink>,
|
---|
| 566 | and Cantonese). This ships with old-syntax files which can install to
|
---|
| 567 | <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/conf.d/</filename> but see <xref
|
---|
| 568 | linkend="editing-old-style-conf-files"/>.
|
---|
| 569 | </para>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 570 | -->
|
---|
| 571 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 572 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4" id="UMing"
|
---|
| 573 | xreflabel="UMing">UMing</bridgehead>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 574 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 575 | <para>
|
---|
| 576 | <ulink url=
|
---|
[87fc185] | 577 | "https://packages.debian.org/sid/fonts-arphic-uming">UMing fonts</ulink>
|
---|
[71df408] | 578 | – sets of Chinese Ming fonts (from Debian, use the '.orig' tarball)
|
---|
| 579 | in a ttc which contain variations of Simplified and Traditional Chinese
|
---|
| 580 | (Taiwanese, with second variant for different
|
---|
| 581 | <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo">bopomofo</ulink>,
|
---|
| 582 | and Cantonese for Hong Kong). This ships with old-syntax files which you
|
---|
| 583 | can install to
|
---|
| 584 | <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/conf.d/</filename> but see <xref
|
---|
| 585 | linkend="editing-old-style-conf-files"/>.
|
---|
| 586 | </para>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 587 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 588 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4" id="wenquanyi-zenhei"
|
---|
| 589 | xreflabel="WenQuanYi ZenHei">WenQuanYi Zen Hei</bridgehead>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 590 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 591 | <indexterm zone="TTF-and-OTF-fonts wenquanyi-zenhei">
|
---|
| 592 | <primary sortas="a-wenquanyi-zenhei">WenQuanYi Zen Hei</primary>
|
---|
| 593 | </indexterm>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 594 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 595 | <para>
|
---|
| 596 | <ulink
|
---|
| 597 | url="https://sourceforge.net/projects/wqy/files/wqy-zenhei/">WenQuanYi
|
---|
| 598 | Zen Hei</ulink> provides a Sans-Serif font which covers all CJK scripts
|
---|
| 599 | including Korean. Although it includes old-style conf files, these are
|
---|
| 600 | not required: <application>fontconfig</application> will already treat
|
---|
| 601 | these fonts (the 'sharp' contains bitmaps, the monospace appears not
|
---|
| 602 | to be Mono in its ASCII part) as Sans, Serif, and Monospace. If all
|
---|
| 603 | you wish to do is to be able to render Han and Korean text without
|
---|
| 604 | worrying about the niceties of the shapes used, the main font from
|
---|
| 605 | this package is a good font to use.
|
---|
| 606 | </para>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 607 |
|
---|
| 608 |
|
---|
| 609 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="Japanese-fonts"
|
---|
| 610 | xreflabel="Japanese fonts">Japanese fonts:</bridgehead>
|
---|
| 611 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 612 | <para>
|
---|
| 613 | In Japanese, Gothic fonts are Sans, Mincho are Serif. BLFS used to
|
---|
| 614 | only mention the Kochi fonts, but those appear to now be the
|
---|
| 615 | least-preferred of the Japanese fonts.
|
---|
| 616 | </para>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 617 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 618 | <para>
|
---|
| 619 | Apart from the fonts detailed below, also consider <xref
|
---|
| 620 | linkend="NotoSansCJK"/>.
|
---|
| 621 | </para>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 622 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 623 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4" id="IPAex"
|
---|
| 624 | xreflabel="IPAex fonts">IPAex fonts</bridgehead>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 625 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 626 | <!-- indexterm retained for expected link from tuning fontconfig -->
|
---|
| 627 | <indexterm zone="TTF-and-OTF-fonts IPAex">
|
---|
| 628 | <primary sortas="a-ipaex-fonts">IPAex fonts</primary>
|
---|
| 629 | </indexterm>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 630 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 631 | <para>
|
---|
[4ea982c2] | 632 | The <ulink url="https://moji.or.jp/ipafont/">IPAex fonts</ulink> are
|
---|
| 633 | the current version of the IPA fonts. Use
|
---|
| 634 | <ulink url='https://moji-or-jp.translate.goog/ipafont/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp'>Google Translate</ulink>
|
---|
| 635 | on the home page, then click on the download link for IPAex Font Ver.004.01.
|
---|
[71df408] | 636 | Unfortunately, <application>fontconfig</application> only knows about
|
---|
| 637 | the older IPAfonts and the forked IPA Mona font (which is not easily
|
---|
| 638 | available and which apparently does not meet Debian's Free Software
|
---|
| 639 | guidelines). Therefore if you install the IPAex fonts you may wish
|
---|
| 640 | to make it known to fontconfig, see <xref
|
---|
| 641 | linkend="prefer-chosen-CJK-fonts"/> for one possible way to do this.
|
---|
| 642 | </para>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 643 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 644 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4" id="Kochi"
|
---|
| 645 | xreflabel="Kochi">Kochi fonts</bridgehead>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 646 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 647 | <para>
|
---|
| 648 | The <ulink url="https://osdn.net/projects/efont/releases/p1357">Kochi
|
---|
| 649 | Substitute fonts</ulink> were the first truly libre Japanese fonts (the
|
---|
| 650 | earlier Kochi fonts were allegedly plagiarized from a commercial font).
|
---|
| 651 | </para>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 652 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 653 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4" id="VLGothic"
|
---|
| 654 | xreflabel="VL Gothic">VL Gothic</bridgehead>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 655 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 656 | <indexterm zone="TTF-and-OTF-fonts VLGothic">
|
---|
| 657 | <primary sortas="a-vlgothic-fonts">VL Gothic</primary>
|
---|
| 658 | </indexterm>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 659 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 660 | <para>
|
---|
| 661 | The <ulink url="https://osdn.net/projects/vlgothic/releases/">VL
|
---|
| 662 | Gothic</ulink> font is a modern Japanese font in two variants with
|
---|
| 663 | monotonic or proportional spacing for the non-Japanese characters.
|
---|
| 664 | </para>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 665 |
|
---|
| 666 |
|
---|
| 667 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="Korean-fonts"
|
---|
| 668 | xreflabel="Korean fonts">Korean fonts:</bridgehead>
|
---|
| 669 |
|
---|
| 670 | <para>
|
---|
| 671 | In Korean, Batang or Myeongjo (the older name) are Serif, Dotum or
|
---|
| 672 | Gothic are the main Sans fonts. BLFS previously recommended the Baekmuk
|
---|
| 673 | fonts, but the Nanum and Un fonts are now preferred to Baekmuk by
|
---|
| 674 | <application>fontconfig</application> because of user requests.
|
---|
| 675 | </para>
|
---|
| 676 |
|
---|
| 677 | <!-- when testing, my previous Nanum link gave permission errors, so
|
---|
| 678 | link to a general page, at the cost of making it more complicated to
|
---|
| 679 | download -->
|
---|
| 680 |
|
---|
| 681 | <para>
|
---|
| 682 | A convenient place to see examples of these and many other Korean
|
---|
[87fc185] | 683 | fonts is <ulink url="https://www.freekoreanfont.com/">Free Korean
|
---|
[e180a646] | 684 | Fonts</ulink>. Click on 'Gothic Fonts' or 'All Categories -> Myeongjo
|
---|
| 685 | Fonts', then click on the font example to see more details including the
|
---|
| 686 | License, and click on the link to download it. For Nanum, you will need
|
---|
| 687 | to be able to read Korean to find the download link on the page you get
|
---|
| 688 | to. For Un there are direct links and you can find the un-fonts-core
|
---|
| 689 | tarball in the <filename class="directory">releases/</filename>
|
---|
| 690 | directory.
|
---|
| 691 | </para>
|
---|
| 692 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 693 | <para>
|
---|
| 694 | Alternatively, consider <xref linkend="NotoSansCJK"/> (all of the
|
---|
[e180a646] | 695 | variants cover Hangul) or <xref linkend="wenquanyi-zenhei"/>.
|
---|
| 696 | </para>
|
---|
| 697 |
|
---|
[71df408] | 698 | </sect2>
|
---|
[e180a646] | 699 |
|
---|
| 700 | </sect1>
|
---|