source: x/installing/installing.xml

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<chapter id="x-window-system" xreflabel="a graphical environment">
  <?dbhtml filename="installing.html" ?>

  <title id="xorg" xreflabel="Xorg Chapter">Graphical Environments</title>

  <para>
    This chapter contains instructions to build and configure a graphical
    user environment.
  </para>

<!-- Historical but not very useful now
  <para>
    <application>Xorg</application>, in addition to clearing up some
    licensing issues with <ulink url="http://www.xfree86.org/">XFree86</ulink>,
    introduced a completely auto-tooled build for the X Window system. This
    means that the packages build and install using the conventional
    <command>configure</command>, <command>make</command>, and <command>make
    install</command> commands, as opposed to a proprietary build system that
    required hand editing of configuration parameters in a C-like syntax.
  </para>

  <para>
    <application>Xorg</application> also brought with it a modular build
    system. While this separation into modules resulted in full control of the
    features available to the X server on any given installation, it also made
    the installation more tedious as it requires installing more than 100
    different packages to obtain a functional X Window environment. Most large
    commercial distributions have elected to use <application>Xorg</application>
    over the <application>XFree86</application> distribution due to both
    licensing issues and the increased functionality provided by it over
    <application>XFree86</application>. With the modular build system, also came
    incremental updates to individual packages. The distribution of
    <application>Xorg</application> is given a release number by the developers,
    in this case Xorg-&xorg-version;, and is referred to as the "katamari" by
    the upstream developers.
  </para>

  <para>
    Additionally, the BLFS book appends a build number
    to the end of version string to indicate whether a group of incremental
    updates has been applied, while still retaining the versioning scheme of the
    upstream developers. For instance, Xorg-&xorg-version;-1 would indicate that
    this is the 1st release, and is consistent with the katamari, while
    Xorg-&xorg-version;-2 would indicate that individual package updates have
    been applied to the katamari.
  </para>
-->

  <para>
    For a long time the only graphical environment usable with GNU/Linux has
    been the <emphasis>X Window System</emphasis>. It uses a client/server
    model which allows writing applications completely independent of
    the graphical hardware. This has the drawback that accessing modern
    hardware acceleration is difficult, so another approach named
    <emphasis>Wayland</emphasis> is developed.
    It is a simpler replacement for X, easier to develop and maintain, using
    the OpenGL framework. The main desktop environments GNOME and KDE have
    been ported to it.
  </para>

  <para>
    This chapter provides the basic components of the X Window System and
    Wayland. For X, the chosen implementation is Xorg, which is a modular
    implementation and requires more than 100 packages to be installed.  The
    distribution of Xorg is given a release number by the developers, in this
    case Xorg-&xorg-version;. Individual packages are updated as needed without
    changing this number.
  </para>

  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorg7.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="util-macros.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorgproto.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libXau.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libXdmcp.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-proto.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libxcb.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7lib.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libxcvt.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-image.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-keysyms.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-renderutil.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-wm.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-cursor.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="mesa.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xbitmaps.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7app.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="luit.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcursor-themes.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7font.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xkeyboard-config.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xwayland.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorg-server.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7driver.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="twm.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xterm.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xclock.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xinit.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorg-config.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="tuning-fontconfig.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="TTF-and-OTF-fonts.xml"/>
  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7legacy.xml"/>
</chapter>