1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="tuning-fontconfig">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="tuning-fontconfig.html"?>
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10 |
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11 |
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12 | <title>Tuning Fontconfig</title>
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13 |
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14 | <indexterm zone="tuning-fontconfig">
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15 | <primary sortas="g-tuning-fontconfig">Tuning Fontconfig</primary>
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16 | </indexterm>
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17 |
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18 | <sect2 id='fontconfig-overview' xreflabel="Overview of Fontconfig">
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19 | <title>Overview of Fontconfig</title>
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20 |
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21 | <!-- do not add individual indexterm entries for items within this page, they
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22 | all belong in section G (others) and not only do they add noise in longindex,
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23 | the links all point to the top of the page. -->
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24 |
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25 | <para>
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26 | If you only read text in English, and are happy with the common libre
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27 | fonts listed on the next page, you may never need to worry about the
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28 | details of how <application>fontconfig</application> works. But there are
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29 | many things which can be altered if they do not suit your needs.
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30 | </para>
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31 |
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32 | <para>
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33 | Although this page is long, it barely scratches the surface and you will
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34 | be able to find many alternative views on the web (but please remember
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35 | that some things have changed over the years, for example the autohinter
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36 | is no longer the default). The aim here is to give you enough information
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37 | to understand the changes you are making.
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38 | </para>
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39 |
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40 | </sect2>
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41 |
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42 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="xft-font-protocol" xreflabel="The Xft Font Protocol">
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43 | <title>The Xft Font Protocol</title>
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44 |
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45 | <para>
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46 | The Xft font protocol provides antialiased font rendering through
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47 | <application>freetype</application>, and fonts are controlled from the
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48 | client side using <application>fontconfig</application> (except for
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49 | <xref linkend="rxvt-unicode"/> which can use fonts listed in
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50 | <filename>~/.Xresources</filename>, and <xref linkend="abiword"/> which
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51 | only uses the specified font). The default search path is <filename
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52 | class="directory">/usr/share/fonts</filename> and <filename
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53 | class="directory">~/.local/share/fonts</filename> although for the moment
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54 | the old and deprecated location <filename
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55 | class="directory">~/.fonts</filename> still works.
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56 | <application>Fontconfig</application> searches directories in its path
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57 | recursively and maintains a cache of the font characteristics in each
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58 | directory. If the cache appears to be out of date, it is ignored, and
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59 | information is fetched from the fonts themselves (that can take a few
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60 | seconds if you installed a lot of fonts).
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61 | </para>
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62 |
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63 | <para>
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64 | If you've installed <application>Xorg</application> in any prefix
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65 | other than <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>, any
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66 | <application>X</application> fonts were not installed in a
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67 | location known to <application>Fontconfig</application>. Symlinks were
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68 | <!-- fonts-misc-ethiopic installs an OTF directory ! -->
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69 | created from the <filename class="directory">OTF</filename> and <filename
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70 | class="directory">TTF</filename> <application>X</application> font
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71 | directories to <filename
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72 | class="directory">/usr/share/fonts/X11-{OTF,TTF}</filename>. This allows
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73 | <application>Fontconfig</application> to use the OpenType and TrueType
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74 | fonts provided by <application>X</application>, although many people will
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75 | prefer to use more modern fonts.
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76 | </para>
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77 |
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78 | <para>
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79 | <application>Fontconfig</application> uses names to define fonts.
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80 | Applications generally use generic font names such as "Monospace", "Sans"
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81 | and "Serif". <application>Fontconfig</application> resolves these names
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82 | to a font that has all characters that cover the orthography of the
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83 | language indicated by the locale settings.
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84 | </para>
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85 |
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86 | </sect2>
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87 |
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88 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="useful-commands" xreflabel="Useful Commands">
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89 | <title>Useful Commands</title>
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90 |
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91 | <para>
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92 | The following commands may be helpful when working with fontconfig:
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93 | </para>
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94 |
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95 | <para>
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96 | <command>fc-list | less</command> : show a list of all available fonts
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97 | (/path/to/filename: Font Name:style). If you installed a font more than
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98 | 30 seconds ago but it does not show, then it or one of its directories is
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99 | not readable by your user.
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100 | </para>
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101 |
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102 | <para>
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103 | <command>fc-match 'Font Name'</command> : will tell you which font will
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104 | be used if the named font is requested. Typically you would use this to
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105 | see what happens if a font you have not installed is requested, but you
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106 | can also use it if the system is giving you a different font from
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107 | what you expected (perhaps because <application>fontconfig</application>
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108 | does not agree that the font supports your language).
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109 | </para>
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110 |
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111 | <para>
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112 | <command>fc-match -a 'Type' | less</command> : will provide a list of all
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113 | fonts which can be used for that type (Monospace, Sans, Serif). Note that
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114 | in-extremis <application>fontconfig</application> will take a glyph from
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115 | any available font, even if it is not of the specified type, and unless it
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116 | knows about the font's type it will assume it is Sans.
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117 | </para>
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118 |
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119 | <para>
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120 | If you wish to know which font will be used for a string of text
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121 | (i.e. one or more glyphs, preceded by a space), paste the following
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122 | command and replace the <literal>xyz</literal> by the text you care
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123 | about:
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124 | </para>
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125 |
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126 | <para>
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127 | <command>FC_DEBUG=4 pango-view --font=monospace -t xyz | grep
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128 | family</command> : this requires <xref linkend="pango"/> and <xref
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129 | linkend="imagemagick"/> - it will invoke <xref linkend="display"/>
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130 | to show the text in a tiny window, and after closing that the last
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131 | line of the output will show which font was chosen. This is
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132 | particularly useful for CJK languages, and you can also pass a
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133 | language, e.g. PANGO_LANGUAGE=en;ja (English, then assume Japanese)
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134 | or just zh-cn (or other variants - 'zh' on its own is not valid).
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135 | </para>
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136 |
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137 | </sect2>
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138 |
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139 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="the-various-files" xreflabel="The various files">
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140 | <title>The various files</title>
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141 |
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142 | <para>
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143 | The main files are in <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/conf.d/</filename>,
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144 | which was intended to be a directory populated by symlinks to some of the files
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145 | in <filename class="directory">/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/</filename>.
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146 | But many people, and some packages, create the files directly. Each file name
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147 | must be in the form of two digits, a dash, somename.conf and they are read in
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148 | sequence.
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149 | </para>
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150 |
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151 | <para>
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152 | By convention, the numbers are assigned as follows:
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153 | </para>
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154 |
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155 | <itemizedlist>
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156 | <listitem>
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157 | <para>
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158 | 00-09 extra font directories
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159 | </para>
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160 | </listitem>
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161 | <listitem>
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162 | <para>
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163 | 10-19 system rendering defaults (antialiasing etc)
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164 | </para>
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165 | </listitem>
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166 | <listitem>
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167 | <para>
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168 | 20-29 font rendering options
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169 | </para>
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170 | </listitem>
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171 | <listitem>
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172 | <para>
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173 | 30-39 family substitution
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174 | </para>
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175 | </listitem>
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176 | <listitem>
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177 | <para>
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178 | 40-49 map family to generic type
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179 | </para>
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180 | </listitem>
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181 | <listitem>
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182 | <para>
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183 | 50-59 load alternate config files
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184 | </para>
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185 | </listitem>
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186 | <listitem>
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187 | <para>
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188 | 60-69 generic aliases, map generic to family
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189 | </para>
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190 | </listitem>
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191 | <listitem>
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192 | <para>
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193 | 70-79 adjust which fonts are available
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194 | </para>
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195 | </listitem>
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196 | <listitem>
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197 | <para>
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198 | 80-89 match target scan (modify scanned patterns)
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199 | </para>
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200 | </listitem>
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201 | <listitem>
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202 | <para>
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203 | 90-99 font synthesis
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204 | </para>
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205 | </listitem>
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206 | </itemizedlist>
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207 |
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208 | <para>
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209 | You can also have a personal <filename>fonts.conf</filename> in
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210 | $XDG_CONFIG_HOME which is <filename
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211 | class="directory">~/.config/fontconfig/</filename>.
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212 | </para>
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213 |
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214 | </sect2>
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215 |
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216 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="rules-to-choose-a-font" xreflabel="The rules to choose a font">
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217 | <title>The rules to choose a font</title>
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218 |
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219 | <para>
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220 | If the requested font is installed, and provided it contains the
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221 | codepoints <emphasis>required</emphasis> for the current language (in the
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222 | source, see the .orth files in the <filename
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223 | class="directory">fc-lang/</filename> directory), it will be used.
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224 | </para>
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225 |
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226 | <para>
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227 | But if the document or page requested a font which is not installed
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228 | (or, occasionally, does not contain all the required codepoints) the
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229 | following rules come into play: First,
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230 | <filename>30-metric-aliases.conf</filename> is used to map aliases for
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231 | some fonts with the same metrics (same size, etc). After that, an
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232 | unknown font will be searched for in <filename>45-latin.conf</filename> -
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233 | if it is found it will be mapped as Serif or Monospace or Sans, otherwise
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234 | it will be assumed to be Sans. Then <filename>50-latin.conf</filename>
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235 | provides ordered lists of the fallbacks - <xref linkend="dejavu-fonts"/>
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236 | will be used if you installed them. Cyrillic and Greek appear to be
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237 | treated in the same way. There are similar files with a 65- prefix for
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238 | Persian and other non-latin writing systems. All of these files prefer
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239 | commercial fonts if they are present, although modern libre fonts are
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240 | often at least their equals.
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241 | </para>
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242 |
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243 | <para>
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244 | Since fontconfig-2.12.5 there is also generic family matching for some
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245 | emoji and math fonts, see {45,60}-generic.conf.
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246 | </para>
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247 |
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248 | <para>
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249 | In the rare cases where a font does not contain all the expected
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250 | codepoints, see 'Trial the First:' at <xref
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251 | linkend="I-stared-into-the-fontconfig"/> for the long details.
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252 | </para>
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253 |
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254 | </sect2>
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255 |
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256 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="hinting-and-antialiasing" xreflabel="Hinting and Anti-aliasing">
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257 | <title>Hinting and Anti-aliasing</title>
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258 |
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259 | <para>
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260 | It is possible to change how, or if, fonts are hinted. The following
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261 | example file contains the default settings, but with comments. The
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262 | settings are very much down to the user's preferences and to the choice
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263 | of fonts, so a change which improves some pages may worsen others. The
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264 | preferred location for this file is:
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265 | <filename>~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf</filename>
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266 | </para>
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267 |
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268 | <para>
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269 | To try out different settings, you may need to exit from Xorg and then
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270 | rerun <command>startx</command> so that all applications use the new
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271 | settings. And if you use Gnome or KDE their desktops can override these
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272 | changes. To explore the possibilities, create a file for your user:
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273 | </para>
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274 |
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275 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv ~/.config/fontconfig &&
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276 | cat > ~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf << "EOF"
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277 | <literal><?xml version='1.0'?>
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278 | <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
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279 | <fontconfig>
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280 |
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281 | <match target="font" >
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282 | <!-- autohint was the old automatic hinter when hinting was patent
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283 | protected, so turn it off to ensure any hinting information in the font
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284 | itself is used, this is the default -->
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285 | <edit mode="assign" name="autohint"> <bool>false</bool></edit>
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286 |
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287 | <!-- hinting is enabled by default -->
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288 | <edit mode="assign" name="hinting"> <bool>true</bool></edit>
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289 |
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290 | <!-- for the lcdfilter see https://www.spasche.net/files/lcdfiltering/ -->
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291 | <edit mode="assign" name="lcdfilter"> <const>lcddefault</const></edit>
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292 |
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293 | <!-- options for hintstyle:
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294 | hintfull: is supposed to give a crisp font that aligns well to the
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295 | character-cell grid but at the cost of its proper shape.
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296 |
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297 | hintmedium: poorly documented, maybe a synonym for hintfull.
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298 | hintslight is the default: - supposed to be more fuzzy but retains shape.
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299 |
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300 | hintnone: seems to turn hinting off.
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301 | The variations are marginal and results vary with different fonts -->
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302 | <edit mode="assign" name="hintstyle"> <const>hintslight</const></edit>
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303 |
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304 | <!-- antialiasing is on by default and really helps for faint characters
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305 | and also for 'xft:' fonts used in rxvt-unicode -->
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306 | <edit mode="assign" name="antialias"> <bool>true</bool></edit>
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307 |
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308 | <!-- subpixels are usually rgb, see
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309 | http://www.lagom.nl/lcd-test/subpixel.php -->
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310 | <edit mode="assign" name="rgba"> <const>rgb</const></edit>
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311 |
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312 | <!-- thanks to the Arch wiki for the lcd and subpixel links -->
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313 | </match>
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314 |
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315 | </fontconfig></literal>
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316 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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317 |
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318 | <para>
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319 | You will now need to edit the file in your preferred editor.
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320 | </para>
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321 |
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322 | <para>
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323 | For more examples see the blfs-support thread which started at <ulink
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324 | url="https://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/sympa/arc/blfs-support/2016-09/msg00128.html">2016-09/00128</ulink>,
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325 | particularly <ulink
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326 | url="https://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/sympa/arc/blfs-support/2016-09/msg00137.html">2016-09/00137</ulink>,
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327 | and the original poster's preferred solution at <ulink
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328 | url="https://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/sympa/arc/blfs-support/2016-09/msg00147.html">2016-09/00147</ulink>.
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329 | There are other examples in <xref linkend="arch-fontconfig"/> and <xref
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330 | linkend="gentoo-fontconfig"/>.
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331 | </para>
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332 |
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333 | </sect2>
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334 |
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335 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="disabling-bitmap-fonts" xreflabel="Disabling Bitmap fonts">
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336 | <title>Disabling Bitmap Fonts</title>
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337 |
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338 | <para>
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339 | In previous versions of BLFS, the ugly old Xorg bitmap fonts were
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340 | installed. Now, many people will not need to install any of them. But if
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341 | for some reason you have installed one or more bitmap fonts, you can
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342 | prevent them being used by <application>fontconfig</application> by
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343 | creating the following file as the
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344 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user :
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345 | </para>
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346 |
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347 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/fonts/conf.d/70-no-bitmaps.conf << "EOF"
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348 | <literal><?xml version='1.0'?>
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349 | <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
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350 | <fontconfig>
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351 | <!-- Reject bitmap fonts -->
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352 | <selectfont>
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353 | <rejectfont>
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354 | <pattern>
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355 | <patelt name="scalable"><bool>false</bool></patelt>
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356 | </pattern>
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357 | </rejectfont>
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358 | </selectfont>
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359 | </fontconfig></literal>
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360 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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361 |
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362 | </sect2>
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363 |
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364 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="adding-extra-directories" xreflabel="Adding extra font directories">
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365 | <title>Adding extra font directories</title>
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366 |
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367 | <para>
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368 | Normally, system fonts and user fonts are installed in directories beneath
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369 | the locations specified in <xref linkend="xft-font-protocol"/> and there
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370 | is no obvious reason to put them elsewhere. However, a full BLFS install
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371 | of <xref linkend="texlive"/> puts many fonts in <filename
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372 | class="directory">/opt/texlive/&texlive-year;/texmf-dist/fonts/</filename>
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373 | in the <filename class="directory">opentype/</filename> and <filename
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374 | class="directory">truetype/</filename> subdirectories. Although pulling in
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375 | all of these files may appear useful (it allows you to use them in non
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376 | <application>TeX</application> programs), there are several problems with
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377 | such an approach:
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378 | </para>
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379 |
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380 | <orderedlist>
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381 | <listitem>
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382 | <para>
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383 | There are hundreds of files, which makes selecting the font hard.
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384 | </para>
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385 | </listitem>
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386 | <listitem>
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387 | <para>
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388 | Some of the files do odd things, such as displaying semaphore flags
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389 | instead of ASCII letters, or mapping cyrillic codepoints to character
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390 | forms appropriate to Old Church Slavonic instead of the expected
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391 | current shapes: fine if that is what you need, but painful for normal
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392 | use.
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393 | </para>
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394 | </listitem>
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395 | <listitem>
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396 | <para>
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397 | Several fonts have multiple sizes and impenetrable short names, which
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398 | both make selecting the correct font even harder.
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399 | </para>
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400 | </listitem>
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401 | <listitem>
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402 | <para>
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403 | When a font is added to CTAN, it is accompanied by TeX packages to use
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404 | it in the old engines (<application>xelatex</application> does not
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405 | normally need this), and then the version is often frozen whilst the
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406 | font is separately maintained. Some of these fonts such as <xref
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407 | linkend="dejavu-fonts"/> are probably already installed on your BLFS
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408 | system in a newer version, and if you have multiple versions of a font
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409 | it is unclear which one will be used by
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410 | <application>fontconfig</application>.
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411 | </para>
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412 | </listitem>
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413 | </orderedlist>
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414 |
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415 | <para>
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416 | However, it is sometimes useful to look at these fonts in non-TeX
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417 | applications, if only to see whether you wish to install a current
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418 | version. If you have installed all of <application>texlive</application>,
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419 | the following example will make one of the Arkandis Open Type fonts
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420 | available to other applications, and all three of the ParaType TrueType
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421 | fonts. Adjust or repeat the lines as desired, to either make all the
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422 | <filename class="directory">opentype/</filename> or <filename
|
---|
423 | class="directory">truetype</filename>fonts available, or to select
|
---|
424 | different font directories. As the <systemitem
|
---|
425 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:
|
---|
426 | </para>
|
---|
427 |
|
---|
428 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf << "EOF"
|
---|
429 | <literal><?xml version='1.0'?>
|
---|
430 | <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
|
---|
431 | <fontconfig>
|
---|
432 | <dir>/opt/texlive/&texlive-year;/texmf-dist/fonts/opentype/arkandis/berenisadf</dir>
|
---|
433 | <dir>/opt/texlive/&texlive-year;/texmf-dist/fonts/truetype/paratype</dir>
|
---|
434 | </fontconfig></literal>
|
---|
435 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
436 |
|
---|
437 | <para>
|
---|
438 | If you do this, remember to change all instances of the year in that file
|
---|
439 | when you upgrade <application>texlive</application> to a later release.
|
---|
440 | </para>
|
---|
441 |
|
---|
442 | </sect2>
|
---|
443 |
|
---|
444 |
|
---|
445 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="preferring-certain-fonts" xreflabel="Preferring certain fonts">
|
---|
446 | <title>Preferring certain fonts</title>
|
---|
447 |
|
---|
448 | <para>
|
---|
449 | There are many reasons why people may wish to have pages which specify a
|
---|
450 | particular font use a different font, or prefer specific fonts in
|
---|
451 | Monospace or Sans or Serif. As you will expect, there a number of
|
---|
452 | different ways of achieving this.
|
---|
453 | </para>
|
---|
454 |
|
---|
455 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="fontconfig-user-docs"
|
---|
456 | xreflabel="fontconfig-user-docs">Fontconfig user docs</bridgehead>
|
---|
457 |
|
---|
458 | <para>
|
---|
459 | <application>Fontconfig</application> installs user documentation that
|
---|
460 | includes an example 'User configuration file' which among other things
|
---|
461 | prefers <xref linkend="wenquanyi-zenhei"/> (a Sans font) if a
|
---|
462 | <emphasis>Serif</emphasis> font is requested for Chinese (this part
|
---|
463 | might be anachronistic unless you have non-free Chinese fonts, because
|
---|
464 | in <filename>65-nonlatin.conf</filename> this font is already among the
|
---|
465 | preferred fonts when Serif is specified for Chinese) and to prefer the
|
---|
466 | modern <xref linkend="VLGothic"/> font if a Sans font is specified on a
|
---|
467 | Japanese page (otherwise a couple of other fonts would be preferred if
|
---|
468 | they have been installed).
|
---|
469 | </para>
|
---|
470 |
|
---|
471 | <para>
|
---|
472 | If you have installed the current version, the user documentation is
|
---|
473 | available in html, PDF and text versions at <filename
|
---|
474 | class="directory">/usr/share/doc/fontconfig-&fontconfig-version;/</filename>
|
---|
475 | : change the version if you installed a different one.
|
---|
476 | </para>
|
---|
477 |
|
---|
478 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="prefer-a-specific-font"
|
---|
479 | xreflabel="fontconfig-prefer-specific-font">Prefer a specific font</bridgehead>
|
---|
480 |
|
---|
481 | <para>
|
---|
482 | As an example, if for some reason you wished to use the <ulink
|
---|
483 | url="https://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/nimbus-roman-no9-l">Nimbus Roman
|
---|
484 | No9 L</ulink> font wherever Times New Roman is referenced (it is
|
---|
485 | metrically similar, and preferred for Times Roman, but the Serif font
|
---|
486 | from <xref linkend="liberation-fonts"/> will be preferred for the Times
|
---|
487 | <emphasis>New</emphasis> Roman font if installed), as an individual user
|
---|
488 | you could install the font and then create the following file:
|
---|
489 | </para>
|
---|
490 |
|
---|
491 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv ~/.config/fontconfig/conf.d &&
|
---|
492 | cat > ~/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/35-prefer-nimbus-for-timesnew.conf << "EOF"
|
---|
493 | <literal><?xml version='1.0'?>
|
---|
494 | <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
|
---|
495 | <fontconfig>
|
---|
496 | <!-- prefer Nimbus Roman No9 L for Times New Roman as well as for Times,
|
---|
497 | without this Tinos and Liberation Serif take precedence for Times New Roman
|
---|
498 | before fontconfig falls back to whatever matches Times -->
|
---|
499 | <alias binding="same">
|
---|
500 | <family>Times New Roman</family>
|
---|
501 | <accept>
|
---|
502 | <family>Nimbus Roman No9 L</family>
|
---|
503 | </accept>
|
---|
504 | </alias>
|
---|
505 | </fontconfig></literal>
|
---|
506 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
507 |
|
---|
508 | <para>
|
---|
509 | This is something you would normally do in an individual user's
|
---|
510 | settings, but the file in this case has been prefixed '35-' so that it
|
---|
511 | could, if desired, be used system-wide in <filename
|
---|
512 | class="directory">/etc/fonts/conf.d/</filename>.
|
---|
513 | </para>
|
---|
514 |
|
---|
515 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="prefer-chosen-CJK-fonts"
|
---|
516 | xreflabel="Prefer chosen CJK fonts">Prefer chosen CJK fonts</bridgehead>
|
---|
517 |
|
---|
518 | <para>
|
---|
519 | The following example of a local configuration (i.e. one that applies
|
---|
520 | for all users of the machine) does several things:
|
---|
521 | </para>
|
---|
522 |
|
---|
523 | <orderedlist>
|
---|
524 | <listitem>
|
---|
525 | <para>
|
---|
526 | If a Serif font is specified, it will prefer the <xref
|
---|
527 | linkend="UMing"/> variants, so that in the zh-cn, zh-hk and zh-tw
|
---|
528 | languages things should look good (also zh-sg which actually uses
|
---|
529 | the same settings as zh-cn) <emphasis>without</emphasis> affecting
|
---|
530 | Japanese.
|
---|
531 | </para>
|
---|
532 | </listitem>
|
---|
533 | <listitem>
|
---|
534 | <para>
|
---|
535 | It prefers the Japanese <xref linkend="IPAex"/> if they have been
|
---|
536 | installed (although <xref linkend="VLGothic"/> will take precedence
|
---|
537 | for (Japanese) Sans if it has also been installed.
|
---|
538 | </para>
|
---|
539 | </listitem>
|
---|
540 | <listitem>
|
---|
541 | <para>
|
---|
542 | Because <xref linkend="wenquanyi-zenhei"/> covers Korean Hangul
|
---|
543 | glyphs and is also preferred for Serif in
|
---|
544 | <filename>65-nonlatin.conf</filename>, if installed it will be used
|
---|
545 | by default for Korean Serif. To get a proper Serif font, the
|
---|
546 | UnBatang font is specified here - change that line if you installed
|
---|
547 | a different Serif font from the choice of <xref
|
---|
548 | linkend="Korean-fonts"/>.
|
---|
549 | </para>
|
---|
550 | </listitem>
|
---|
551 | <listitem>
|
---|
552 | <para>
|
---|
553 | The Monospace fonts are forced to the preferred Sans fonts. If the
|
---|
554 | text is in Korean then <xref linkend="wenquanyi-zenhei"/> will be
|
---|
555 | used.
|
---|
556 | </para>
|
---|
557 | </listitem>
|
---|
558 | </orderedlist>
|
---|
559 |
|
---|
560 | <para>
|
---|
561 | In a non-CJK locale, the result is that suitable fonts will be used for
|
---|
562 | all variants of Chinese, Japanese and Hangul Korean. All other languages
|
---|
563 | should already work if a font is present. As the <systemitem
|
---|
564 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:
|
---|
565 | </para>
|
---|
566 |
|
---|
567 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/fonts/local.conf << "EOF"
|
---|
568 | <literal><?xml version='1.0'?>
|
---|
569 | <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
|
---|
570 | <fontconfig>
|
---|
571 | <alias>
|
---|
572 | <family>serif</family>
|
---|
573 | <prefer>
|
---|
574 | <family>AR PL UMing</family>
|
---|
575 | <family>IPAexMincho</family>
|
---|
576 | <!-- WenQuanYi is preferred as Serif in 65-nonlatin.conf,
|
---|
577 | override that so a real Korean font can be used for Serif -->
|
---|
578 | <family>UnBatang</family>
|
---|
579 | </prefer>
|
---|
580 | </alias>
|
---|
581 | <alias>
|
---|
582 | <family>sans-serif</family>
|
---|
583 | <prefer>
|
---|
584 | <family>WenQuanYi Zen Hei</family>
|
---|
585 | <family>VL Gothic</family>
|
---|
586 | <family>IPAexGothic</family>
|
---|
587 | </prefer>
|
---|
588 | </alias>
|
---|
589 | <alias>
|
---|
590 | <family>monospace</family>
|
---|
591 | <prefer>
|
---|
592 | <family>VL Gothic</family>
|
---|
593 | <family>IPAexGothic</family>
|
---|
594 | <family>WenQuanYi Zen Hei</family>
|
---|
595 | </prefer>
|
---|
596 | </alias>
|
---|
597 | </fontconfig></literal>
|
---|
598 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
599 |
|
---|
600 | </sect2>
|
---|
601 |
|
---|
602 |
|
---|
603 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="editing-old-style-conf-files"
|
---|
604 | xreflabel="Editing Old-Style conf files">
|
---|
605 | <title>Editing Old-style conf files</title>
|
---|
606 |
|
---|
607 | <para>
|
---|
608 | Some fonts, particularly Chinese fonts, ship with conf files which can be
|
---|
609 | installed in <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/conf.d</filename>.
|
---|
610 | However, if you do that and then use a terminal to run any command which
|
---|
611 | uses <application>fontconfig</application> you may see error messages such
|
---|
612 | as :
|
---|
613 | </para>
|
---|
614 |
|
---|
615 | <para>
|
---|
616 | <literal>Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/69-odofonts.conf", line
|
---|
617 | 14: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and
|
---|
618 | may not work as expected</literal>.
|
---|
619 | </para>
|
---|
620 |
|
---|
621 | <para>
|
---|
622 | In practice, these old rules do not work. For non-CJK users,
|
---|
623 | <application>fontconfig</application> will usually do a good job
|
---|
624 | <emphasis>without</emphasis> these rules. Their origin dates back to when
|
---|
625 | CJK users needed handcrafted bitmaps to be legible at small sizes, and
|
---|
626 | those looked ugly next to antialiased Latin glyphs - they preferred to
|
---|
627 | use the same CJK font for the Latin glyphs. There is a side-effect of
|
---|
628 | doing this : the (Serif) font is often also used for Sans, and in such a
|
---|
629 | situation the (English) text in <application>Gtk</application> menus will
|
---|
630 | use this font - compared to system fonts, as well as being serif it is
|
---|
631 | both faint and rather small. That can make it uncomfortable to read.
|
---|
632 | </para>
|
---|
633 |
|
---|
634 | <para>
|
---|
635 | Nevertheless, these old conf files can be fixed if you wish to use them.
|
---|
636 | The following example is the first part of
|
---|
637 | <filename>64-arphic-uming.conf</filename> from <xref linkend="UMing"/> -
|
---|
638 | there are a lot more similar items which also need changing :
|
---|
639 | </para>
|
---|
640 |
|
---|
641 | <para>
|
---|
642 | <literallayout>
|
---|
643 | <match target="pattern">
|
---|
644 | <test qual="any" name="lang" compare="contains">
|
---|
645 | <string>zh-cn</string>
|
---|
646 | <string>zh-sg</string>
|
---|
647 | </test>
|
---|
648 | <test qual="any" name="family">
|
---|
649 | <string>serif</string>
|
---|
650 | </test>
|
---|
651 | <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
|
---|
652 | <string>AR PL UMing CN</string>
|
---|
653 | </edit>
|
---|
654 | </match></literallayout>
|
---|
655 | </para>
|
---|
656 |
|
---|
657 | <para>
|
---|
658 | The process to correct this is straightforward but tedious - for every
|
---|
659 | item which produces an error message, using your editor (as the
|
---|
660 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user) edit the installed
|
---|
661 | file to repeat the whole block as many times as there are multiple
|
---|
662 | variables, then reduce each example to have only one of them. You may
|
---|
663 | wish to work on one error at a time, save the file after each fix, and
|
---|
664 | from a separate term run a command such as <command>fc-list 2>&1 |
|
---|
665 | less</command> to see that the fix worked. For the block above, the fixed
|
---|
666 | version will be :
|
---|
667 | </para>
|
---|
668 |
|
---|
669 | <para>
|
---|
670 | <literallayout>
|
---|
671 | <match target="pattern">
|
---|
672 | <test qual="any" name="lang" compare="contains">
|
---|
673 | <string>zh-cn</string>
|
---|
674 | </test>
|
---|
675 | <test qual="any" name="family">
|
---|
676 | <string>serif</string>
|
---|
677 | </test>
|
---|
678 | <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
|
---|
679 | <string>AR PL UMing CN</string>
|
---|
680 | </edit>
|
---|
681 | </match>
|
---|
682 | <match target="pattern">
|
---|
683 | <test qual="any" name="lang" compare="contains">
|
---|
684 | <string>zh-sg</string>
|
---|
685 | </test>
|
---|
686 | <test qual="any" name="family">
|
---|
687 | <string>serif</string>
|
---|
688 | </test>
|
---|
689 | <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
|
---|
690 | <string>AR PL UMing CN</string>
|
---|
691 | </edit>
|
---|
692 | </match></literallayout>
|
---|
693 | </para>
|
---|
694 |
|
---|
695 | </sect2>
|
---|
696 |
|
---|
697 |
|
---|
698 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="see-also" xreflabel="See Also">
|
---|
699 | <title>See Also</title>
|
---|
700 |
|
---|
701 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="I-stared-into-the-fontconfig"
|
---|
702 | xreflabel="I stared into the fontconfig">I stared into the fontconfig ...</bridgehead>
|
---|
703 |
|
---|
704 | <para>
|
---|
705 | The blog entries by <ulink
|
---|
706 | url="https://eev.ee/blog/2015/05/20/i-stared-into-the-fontconfig-and-the-fontconfig-stared-back-at-me/">Eevee</ulink>
|
---|
707 | are particularly useful if <application>fontconfig</application> does not
|
---|
708 | think your chosen font supports your language, and for preferring some
|
---|
709 | non-MS Japanese fonts when an ugly MS font is already installed.
|
---|
710 | </para>
|
---|
711 |
|
---|
712 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="arch-fontconfig"
|
---|
713 | xreflabel="Fontconfig in the Arch wiki">Fontconfig in the Arch wiki</bridgehead>
|
---|
714 |
|
---|
715 | <para>
|
---|
716 | Arch has a lot of information in its wiki at <ulink
|
---|
717 | url="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/font_configuration">font_configuration</ulink>.
|
---|
718 | </para>
|
---|
719 |
|
---|
720 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="gentoo-fontconfig"
|
---|
721 | xreflabel="Fontconfig in the Gentoo wiki">Fontconfig in the Gentoo wiki</bridgehead>
|
---|
722 |
|
---|
723 | <para>
|
---|
724 | Gentoo has some information in its wiki at <ulink
|
---|
725 | url="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Fontconfig">Fontconfig</ulink> although
|
---|
726 | a lot of the details (what to enable, and Infinality) are specific to
|
---|
727 | Gentoo.
|
---|
728 | </para>
|
---|
729 |
|
---|
730 | </sect2>
|
---|
731 |
|
---|
732 | </sect1>
|
---|