1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="tuning-fontconfig">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="tuning-fontconfig.html"?>
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10 |
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11 |
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12 | <title>Tuning Fontconfig</title>
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13 |
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14 | <indexterm zone="tuning-fontconfig">
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15 | <primary sortas="g-tuning-fontconfig">Tuning Fontconfig</primary>
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16 | </indexterm>
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17 |
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18 | <sect2 id='fontconfig-overview' xreflabel="Overview of Fontconfig">
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19 | <title>Overview of Fontconfig</title>
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20 |
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21 | <!-- do not add individual indexterm entries for items within this page, they
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22 | all belong in section G (others) and not only do they add noise in longindex,
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23 | the links all point to the top of the page. -->
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24 |
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25 | <para>
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26 | If you only read text in English, and are happy with the common libre
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27 | fonts listed on the next page, you may never need to worry about the
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28 | details of how <application>fontconfig</application> works. But there are
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29 | many things which can be altered if they do not suit your needs.
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30 | </para>
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31 |
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32 | <para>
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33 | Although this page is long, it barely scratches the surface and you will
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34 | be able to find many alternative views on the web (but please remember
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35 | that some things have changed over the years, for example the autohinter
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36 | is no longer the default). The aim here is to give you enough information
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37 | to understand the changes you are making, why they may not always work,
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38 | and to identify online information which is no-longer appropriate.
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39 | </para>
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40 |
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41 | <para>
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42 | Unfortunately, some of the terminology is ambiguous (e.g. 'font face' can
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43 | mean a name known to fontconfig, <emphasis>or</emphasis> the normal, italic
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44 | condensed, etc variations of a font).
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45 | </para>
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46 |
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47 | <para>The following links are to assist navigation in this page.</para>
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48 | <itemizedlist>
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49 | <listitem>
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50 | <para><xref linkend="xft-font-protocol"/></para>
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51 | </listitem>
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52 | <listitem>
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53 | <para><xref linkend="useful-commands"/></para>
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54 | </listitem>
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55 | <listitem>
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56 | <para><xref linkend="the-various-files"/></para>
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57 | </listitem>
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58 | <listitem>
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59 | <para><xref linkend="rules-to-choose-a-font"/></para>
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60 | </listitem>
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61 | <listitem>
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62 | <para><xref linkend="hinting-and-antialiasing"/></para>
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63 | </listitem>
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64 | <listitem>
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65 | <para><xref linkend="disabling-bitmap-fonts"/></para>
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66 | </listitem>
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67 | <listitem>
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68 | <para><xref linkend="adding-extra-directories"/></para>
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69 | </listitem>
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70 | <listitem>
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71 | <para><xref linkend="preferring-certain-fonts"/></para>
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72 | </listitem>
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73 | <listitem>
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74 | <para><xref linkend="fontconfig-user-docs"/></para>
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75 | </listitem>
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76 | <listitem>
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77 | <para><xref linkend="prefer-a-specific-font"/></para>
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78 | </listitem>
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79 | <listitem>
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80 | <para><xref linkend="prefer-chosen-CJK-fonts"/></para>
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81 | </listitem>
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82 | <listitem>
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83 | <para><xref linkend="editing-old-style-conf-files"/></para>
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84 | </listitem>
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85 | <listitem>
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86 | <para><xref linkend="items-which-can-override-fontconfig"/></para>
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87 | </listitem>
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88 | <listitem>
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89 | <para><xref linkend="external-links"/></para>
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90 | </listitem>
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91 | </itemizedlist>
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92 |
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93 | </sect2>
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94 |
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95 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="xft-font-protocol" xreflabel="The Xft Font Protocol">
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96 | <title>The Xft Font Protocol</title>
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97 |
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98 | <para>
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99 | The Xft font protocol provides antialiased font rendering through
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100 | <application>freetype</application>, and fonts are controlled from the
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101 | client side using <application>fontconfig</application> (except for
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102 | <xref linkend="rxvt-unicode"/> which can use fonts listed in
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103 | <filename>~/.Xresources</filename>, and <xref linkend="abiword"/> which
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104 | only uses the specified font). The default search path is <filename
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105 | class="directory">/usr/share/fonts</filename> and <filename
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106 | class="directory">~/.local/share/fonts</filename>, although for the moment
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107 | the old and deprecated location <filename
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108 | class="directory">~/.fonts</filename> still works.
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109 | <application>Fontconfig</application> searches directories in its path
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110 | recursively and maintains a cache of the font characteristics in each
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111 | directory. If the cache appears to be out of date, it is ignored, and
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112 | information is fetched from the fonts themselves (that can take a few
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113 | seconds if you have a lot of fonts installed).
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114 | </para>
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115 |
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116 | <para>
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117 | If you've installed <application>Xorg</application> in any prefix
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118 | other than <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>, any
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119 | <application>X</application> fonts were not installed in a
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120 | location known to <application>Fontconfig</application>. Symlinks were
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121 | <!-- fonts-misc-ethiopic installs an OTF directory ! -->
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122 | created from the <filename class="directory">OTF</filename> and <filename
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123 | class="directory">TTF</filename> <application>X</application> font
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124 | directories to <filename
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125 | class="directory">/usr/share/fonts/X11-{OTF,TTF}</filename>. This allows
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126 | <application>Fontconfig</application> to use the OpenType and TrueType
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127 | fonts provided by <application>X</application>, although many people will
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128 | prefer to use more modern fonts.
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129 | </para>
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130 |
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131 | <para>
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132 | <application>Fontconfig</application> uses names to define fonts.
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133 | Applications generally use generic font names such as "Monospace", "Sans"
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134 | and "Serif". <application>Fontconfig</application> resolves these names
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135 | to a font that has all characters that cover the orthography of the
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136 | language indicated by the locale settings.
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137 | </para>
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138 |
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139 | </sect2>
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140 |
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141 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="useful-commands" xreflabel="Useful Commands">
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142 | <title>Useful Commands</title>
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143 |
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144 | <para>
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145 | The following commands may be helpful when working with fontconfig,
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146 | particularly if you are interested in overriding which font will be
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147 | chosen. 'TYPE' should be one of serif, sans-serif or monospace.
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148 | </para>
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149 |
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150 | <para>
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151 | <command>fc-list | less</command> : shows a list of all available fonts
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152 | (/path/to/filename: Font Name:style). If you installed a font more than
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153 | 30 seconds ago but it does not show, then it or one of its directories is
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154 | not readable by your user.
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155 | </para>
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156 |
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157 | <para>
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158 | <command>fc-match 'Font Name'</command> : tells you which font will
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159 | be used if the named font is requested. Typically you would use this to
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160 | see what happens if a font you have not installed is requested, but you
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161 | can also use it if the system is giving you a different font from
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162 | what you expected (perhaps because <application>fontconfig</application>
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163 | does not think that the font supports your language).
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164 | </para>
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165 |
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166 | <para>
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167 | <command>fc-match -a <replaceable>Type</replaceable> | less</command> :
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168 | provides a list of all fonts which can be used for that type (Monospace,
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169 | Sans Sasn-serif, Serif <emphasis>(capital letters optional)</emphasis>).
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170 | Note that in-extremis <application>fontconfig</application> will take a
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171 | glyph from any available font, even if it is not of the specified type,
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172 | and unless it knows about the font's type it will assume it is Sans.
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173 | </para>
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174 |
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175 | <para>
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176 | <command>fc-match 'Serif :lang=ja:weight=bold'</command> will tell you
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177 | which font and weight will be chosen for Japanese text in bold weight.
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178 | It does not mean that the reported font will necessarily be able to show
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179 | Japanese ideograms, so a fallback might be used, or some glyphs may be
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180 | missing. For language codes use ISO-639 value such as 'fr', 'ja', 'zh-cn'.
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181 | Note that an unrecognized value such as just 'zh' will not return any
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182 | match. To illustrate the fallback, on a system wherei both Noto Sans Mono
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183 | and DejaVu Sans Mono are installed, <command>fc-match 'monospace
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184 | :lang=en</command> shows Noto Sans Mono will be used, but if the lang is
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185 | changed to 'ar' (arabic) DejaVu Sans will be used.
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186 | </para>
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187 |
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188 | <para>
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189 | If you want to determine if a font file has hinting (many older fonts do not,
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190 | because it was patented) use <command>fc-query
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191 | <replaceable>/path/to/fontfile</replaceable> | grep 'fonthashint:'</command>:
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192 | which will report 'True(s)' or 'False(s)'.
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193 | </para>
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194 |
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195 | <para>
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196 | If you wish to know which font will be used for a string of text
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197 | (i.e. one or more glyphs, preceded by a space), paste the following
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198 | command and replace the <literal>xyz</literal> by the text you care
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199 | about:
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200 | </para>
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201 |
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202 | <para>
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203 | <command>FC_DEBUG=4 pango-view --font=monospace -t xyz | grep
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204 | family</command> : this requires <xref linkend="pango"/> and <xref
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205 | linkend="imagemagick"/> - it will invoke <xref linkend="display"/>
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206 | to show the text in a tiny window, and after closing that the last
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207 | line of the output will show which font was chosen. This is
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208 | particularly useful for CJK languages, and you can also pass a
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209 | language, e.g. PANGO_LANGUAGE=en;ja (English, then assume Japanese)
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210 | or just zh-cn (or other variants such as zh-sg or zh-tw).
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211 | </para>
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212 |
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213 | </sect2>
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214 |
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215 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="the-various-files" xreflabel="The configuration files">
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216 | <title>The configuration files</title>
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217 |
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218 | <para>
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219 | The main files are in <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/conf.d/</filename>,
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220 | which was intended to be a directory populated by symlinks to some of the files
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221 | in <filename class="directory">/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/</filename>.
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222 | But many people, and some packages, create the files directly. Each file name
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223 | must be in the form of two digits, a dash, somename.conf and they are read in
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224 | sequence.
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225 | </para>
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226 |
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227 | <para>
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228 | By convention, the numbers are assigned as follows:
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229 | </para>
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230 |
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231 | <itemizedlist>
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232 | <listitem>
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233 | <para>
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234 | 00-09 extra font directories
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235 | </para>
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236 | </listitem>
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237 | <listitem>
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238 | <para>
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239 | 10-19 system rendering defaults (such as antialiasing)
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240 | </para>
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241 | </listitem>
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242 | <listitem>
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243 | <para>
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244 | 20-29 font rendering options
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245 | </para>
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246 | </listitem>
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247 | <listitem>
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248 | <para>
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249 | 30-39 family substitution
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250 | </para>
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251 | </listitem>
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252 | <listitem>
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253 | <para>
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254 | 40-49 map family to generic type
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255 | </para>
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256 | </listitem>
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257 | <listitem>
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258 | <para>
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259 | 50-59 load alternate config files
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260 | </para>
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261 | </listitem>
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262 | <listitem>
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263 | <para>
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264 | 60-69 generic aliases, map generic to family
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265 | </para>
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266 | </listitem>
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267 | <listitem>
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268 | <para>
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269 | 70-79 adjust which fonts are available
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270 | </para>
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271 | </listitem>
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272 | <listitem>
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273 | <para>
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274 | 80-89 match target scan (modify scanned patterns)
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275 | </para>
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276 | </listitem>
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277 | <listitem>
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278 | <para>
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279 | 90-99 font synthesis
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280 | </para>
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281 | </listitem>
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282 | </itemizedlist>
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283 |
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284 | <para>
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285 | You can also have a personal <filename>fonts.conf</filename> in
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286 | $XDG_CONFIG_HOME (which is <filename
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287 | class="directory">~/.config/fontconfig/</filename>).
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288 | </para>
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289 |
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290 | </sect2>
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291 |
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292 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="rules-to-choose-a-font" xreflabel="The rules to choose a font">
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293 | <title>The rules to choose a font</title>
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294 |
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295 | <para>
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296 | If the requested font is installed, and provided it contains the
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297 | codepoints <emphasis>required</emphasis> for the current language (in the
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298 | source, see the .orth files in the <filename
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299 | class="directory">fc-lang/</filename> directory), it will be used.
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300 | </para>
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301 |
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302 | <note>
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303 | <para>
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304 | In fontconfig-2.14 the defaults were changed to Noto fonts. Some of the
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305 | detail here is out of date and will be revised.
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306 | </para>
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307 | </note>
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308 |
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309 | <para>
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310 | However, if the document or page requested a font which is not installed
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311 | (or, occasionally, does not contain all the required codepoints) the
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312 | following rules come into play: First,
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313 | <filename>30-metric-aliases.conf</filename> is used to map aliases for
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314 | some fonts with the same metrics (same size, etc). Note that there are
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315 | both weak and strong aliases so that aliases for one form such as
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316 | Helvetica or Times New Roman can be stisfied by the other style, i.e.
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317 | anything which is an alias of Arial or Times in those examples.
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318 | After that, an unknown font will be searched for in
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319 | <filename>45-latin.conf</filename>:
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320 | 'Latin' covers Cyrillic and Greek, and now also maps system-ui fonts which
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321 | are used for User Interface messages in other alphabets. If the font
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322 | is found it will be mapped as serif, sans-serif, monospace, fantasy,
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323 | cursive, or system-ui. Otherwise, 49-sansserif.conf will assume it is
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324 | Sans.
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325 | </para>
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326 | <para>
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327 | Then <filename>60-latin.conf</filename>
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328 | provides ordered lists of the fallbacks - <xref linkend="noto-fonts"/>
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329 | will be used if you installed them. Cyrillic and Greek appear to be
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330 | treated in the same way.All of these files prefer
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331 | commercial fonts if they are present, although modern libre fonts are
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332 | often at least equal. Finally, if a codepoint is still not found it can
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333 | be taken from any available system font. The following details only
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334 | mention freely available fonts.
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335 | </para>
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336 |
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337 | <para>
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338 | Default Persion fonts are dealt with in
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339 | <filename>65-fonts-persian.conf</filename>. It looks as if all the listed
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340 | fonts are commercial. Using fonts that support Persian (which has its own
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341 | variant of the arabic alphabet, and its own font styles) is outside the
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342 | skills of the BLFS editors.
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343 | </para>
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344 |
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345 | <para>
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346 | All remaining scripts for which fontconfig has preferences (CJK scripts,
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347 | Indic scripts) are dealt with in <filename>65-nonlatin.conf</filename>.
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348 | These are again nominally grouped as Serif, Sans-Serif, Monospace. Of the
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349 | free fonts, WenQuanYi Zen Hei (Pan-CJK Sans) comes first for both Serif
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350 | and for Sans. Therefore, if you install this as a fallback but want to
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351 | use different fonts for Japanese or Korean you will need to set up a
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352 | preference. Similarly, the old fireflysung Serif font is also listed for
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353 | Sans.
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354 | </para>
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355 |
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356 | <para>
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357 | After Pan-CJK and Chinese fonts come several Japanese fonts and then
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358 | several Korean fonts (both split appropriately between Sans and Serif).
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359 | Finally come the various Lohit Indic families (one font file per script),
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360 | labelled as both Sans and Serif.
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361 | </para>
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362 |
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363 | <para>
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364 | The Monospace fonts listed in <filename>65-nonlatin.conf</filename> do
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365 | not include WenQuanYi Zen Hei although that will be available as a
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366 | fallback if installed. Several Japanese Gothic fonts are listed, followed
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367 | by AR PL KaitiM GB (a zh-sc 'Brush' font), AR PL Serif fonts for zh-sc
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368 | (SungtiL) and zh-tw (Mingti2L), some Korean Sans fonts and the various
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369 | Lohit Indic families.
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370 | </para>
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371 |
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372 | <para>
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373 | For UI fonts, various Noto Sans UI fonts are the only listed free fonts.
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374 | </para>
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375 |
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376 | <para>
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377 | The various Noto CJK fonts are <emphasis>not</emphasis> among the listed
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378 | fonts, possibly the RedHat developers preferred other fonts. These now
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379 | come in many variations, probably anyone who uses these will not install
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380 | any other CJK fonts.
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381 | </para>
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382 |
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383 | <para>
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384 | Before fontconfig-2.14, the first preferred Latin font family was Bitstream
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385 | Vera. In practice that was rarely used because it covered so little. After
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386 | that, DejaVu was the next preferred family, so people were recommended to
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387 | install that. That has now changed, Bitstream Vera has been replaced by the
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388 | relevant Noto fonts (Serif, Sans, Sans Mono), so these will be preferred if
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389 | they have been installed, followed by DejaVu.
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390 | </para>
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391 |
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392 | <para>
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393 | For serif, Times New Roman could have been aliased from Liberation Serif or
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394 | Tinos, and Times from TeX Gyre Termes, so although the named fonts are not
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395 | free, the metric-compatilbe fonts can be used. Ignoring other non-free fonts,
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396 | the remaining order for serif is: Times New Roman, Luxi Serif, Nimbus Roman
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397 | No9 L, Times. In practice, that means those fonts at the end of the list
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398 | are unlikely to be used unless a web page asks for them.
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399 | </para>
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400 |
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401 | <para>
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402 | For sans-serif, the remaining order is anything mapped to Arial, Luxi Sans,
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403 | Nimbus Sans L, anything mapped to Helvetica.
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404 | </para>
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405 |
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406 | <para>
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407 | The remaining alternatives for monospace are Inconsolata, anything mapped
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408 | to Courier New, Luxi Mono, Nimbus Mono, anything mapped to Courier.
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409 | </para>
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410 |
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411 | <para>
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412 | For 'fantasy' there are no free fonts, so fontconfig will fall back to
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413 | sans-serif.
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414 | </para>
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415 |
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416 | <para>
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417 | For 'cursive', the only free font is TeX Gyre Chorus as an alias for
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418 | ITC Zapf chancery, otherwise fontconfig will again fall back to sans-serif.
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419 | </para>
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420 |
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421 | <para>
|
---|
422 | The system-ui category is unusual. It is for interface messages, so some
|
---|
423 | scripts need special versions to fit in the available space. For Latin,
|
---|
424 | Greek and Cyrillic a normal sans font should fit without problems. However,
|
---|
425 | the first preferred font is Cantarell, followed by Noto Sans UI. Cantarell
|
---|
426 | started as a Latin sans-serif font, that has been forked in Gnome under
|
---|
427 | the same name but they only provide the source. The Noto Sans UI fonts are
|
---|
428 | for other languages.
|
---|
429 | </para>
|
---|
430 |
|
---|
431 | <para>
|
---|
432 | Since fontconfig-2.12.5, there is also generic family matching for some
|
---|
433 | emoji and math fonts, please see {45,60}-generic.conf.
|
---|
434 | </para>
|
---|
435 |
|
---|
436 | <para>
|
---|
437 | In the rare cases where a font does not contain all the expected
|
---|
438 | codepoints, see 'Trial the First:' at <xref
|
---|
439 | linkend="I-stared-into-the-fontconfig"/> for the long details.
|
---|
440 | </para>
|
---|
441 |
|
---|
442 | </sect2>
|
---|
443 |
|
---|
444 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="hinting-and-antialiasing" xreflabel="Hinting and Anti-aliasing">
|
---|
445 | <title>Hinting and Anti-aliasing</title>
|
---|
446 |
|
---|
447 | <para>
|
---|
448 | It is possible to change how, or if, fonts are hinted. The following
|
---|
449 | example file contains the default settings, but with comments. The
|
---|
450 | settings are very much down to the user's preferences and to the choice
|
---|
451 | of fonts, so a change which improves some pages may worsen others. The
|
---|
452 | preferred location for this file is:
|
---|
453 | <filename>~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf</filename>
|
---|
454 | </para>
|
---|
455 |
|
---|
456 | <para>
|
---|
457 | To try out different settings, you may need to exit from Xorg and then
|
---|
458 | run <command>startx</command> again so that all applications use the new
|
---|
459 | settings. Several things can override the fontconfig settings, see
|
---|
460 | <xref linkend="items-which-can-override-fontconfig"/> below. To explore
|
---|
461 | the possibilities, create a file for your user:
|
---|
462 | </para>
|
---|
463 |
|
---|
464 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv ~/.config/fontconfig &&
|
---|
465 | cat > ~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf << "EOF"
|
---|
466 | <literal><?xml version='1.0'?>
|
---|
467 | <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
|
---|
468 | <fontconfig>
|
---|
469 |
|
---|
470 | <match target="font" >
|
---|
471 | <!-- autohint was the old automatic hinter when hinting was patent
|
---|
472 | protected, so turn it off to ensure any hinting information in the font
|
---|
473 | itself is used, this is the default -->
|
---|
474 | <edit mode="assign" name="autohint"> <bool>false</bool></edit>
|
---|
475 |
|
---|
476 | <!-- hinting is enabled by default -->
|
---|
477 | <edit mode="assign" name="hinting"> <bool>true</bool></edit>
|
---|
478 |
|
---|
479 | <!-- for the lcdfilter see https://www.spasche.net/files/lcdfiltering/ -->
|
---|
480 | <edit mode="assign" name="lcdfilter"> <const>lcddefault</const></edit>
|
---|
481 |
|
---|
482 | <!-- options for hintstyle:
|
---|
483 | hintfull: is supposed to give a crisp font that aligns well to the
|
---|
484 | character-cell grid but at the cost of its proper shape. However, anything
|
---|
485 | using Pango >= 1.44 will not support full hinting, Pango now uses harfbuzz
|
---|
486 | for hinting. Apps which use Skia (e.g. Chromium, Firefox) should not be
|
---|
487 | affected by this. <!-- https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/issues/2394 -->
|
---|
488 |
|
---|
489 | hintmedium: is reported to be broken.
|
---|
490 | hintslight is the default: - supposed to be more fuzzy but retains shape.
|
---|
491 |
|
---|
492 | hintnone: seems to turn hinting off.
|
---|
493 | The variations are marginal and results vary with different fonts -->
|
---|
494 | <edit mode="assign" name="hintstyle"> <const>hintslight</const></edit>
|
---|
495 |
|
---|
496 | <!-- antialiasing is on by default and really helps for faint characters
|
---|
497 | and also for 'xft:' fonts used in rxvt-unicode -->
|
---|
498 | <edit mode="assign" name="antialias"> <bool>true</bool></edit>
|
---|
499 |
|
---|
500 | <!-- subpixels are usually rgb, see
|
---|
501 | http://www.lagom.nl/lcd-test/subpixel.php -->
|
---|
502 | <edit mode="assign" name="rgba"> <const>rgb</const></edit>
|
---|
503 |
|
---|
504 | <!-- thanks to the Arch wiki for the lcd and subpixel links -->
|
---|
505 | </match>
|
---|
506 |
|
---|
507 | </fontconfig></literal>
|
---|
508 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
509 |
|
---|
510 | <para>
|
---|
511 | You will now need to edit the file in your preferred editor. Many of the
|
---|
512 | different settings give very subtle differences and the results may differ
|
---|
513 | for some of the fonts you use.
|
---|
514 | </para>
|
---|
515 |
|
---|
516 | <note>
|
---|
517 | <para>
|
---|
518 | Hinting, if enabled, is done in <application>FreeType</application>.
|
---|
519 | Since FreeType-2.7 the default TrueType interpreter is v40. The
|
---|
520 | original v35 hinter could be enabled by an environment variable, but
|
---|
521 | is only really appropriate to original Microsoft TTF fonts (Arial, etc).
|
---|
522 | The v38 hinter (Infinality) is not built by default and all the options
|
---|
523 | to tune it have been removed. For full details see <xref
|
---|
524 | linkend="subpixel-hinting"/> (Spoiler: there is NO sub-pixel hinting,
|
---|
525 | the code simply ignores <emphasis>all</emphasis> horizontal hinting
|
---|
526 | instructions.
|
---|
527 | </para>
|
---|
528 |
|
---|
529 | <para>
|
---|
530 | Xorg assumes screens have 96 dots per inch (DPI). Most LCD screens are
|
---|
531 | close to this, but some people detect colour fringing if their screen
|
---|
532 | diverges from that size. See <xref linkend="calc-dpi"/>.
|
---|
533 | </para>
|
---|
534 |
|
---|
535 | <para>
|
---|
536 | If you have a High DPI screen (often described as '4K' or larger) you
|
---|
537 | will probably use larger font sizes and benefit from disabling hinting.
|
---|
538 | </para>
|
---|
539 | </note>
|
---|
540 |
|
---|
541 | <para>
|
---|
542 | For more examples see the blfs-support thread which started at <ulink
|
---|
543 | url="https://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/sympa/arc/blfs-support/2016-09/msg00128.html">2016-09/00128</ulink>,
|
---|
544 | particularly <ulink
|
---|
545 | url="https://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/sympa/arc/blfs-support/2016-09/msg00137.html">2016-09/00137</ulink>,
|
---|
546 | and the original poster's preferred solution at <ulink
|
---|
547 | url="https://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/sympa/arc/blfs-support/2016-09/msg00147.html">2016-09/00147</ulink>.
|
---|
548 | There are other examples in <xref linkend="arch-fontconfig"/> and <xref
|
---|
549 | linkend="gentoo-fontconfig"/>.
|
---|
550 | </para>
|
---|
551 |
|
---|
552 | </sect2>
|
---|
553 |
|
---|
554 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="disabling-bitmap-fonts" xreflabel="Disabling Bitmap fonts">
|
---|
555 | <title>Disabling Bitmap Fonts</title>
|
---|
556 |
|
---|
557 | <para>
|
---|
558 | In previous versions of BLFS, the ugly old Xorg bitmap fonts were
|
---|
559 | installed. Now, many people will not need to install any of them. But if
|
---|
560 | for some reason you have installed one or more bitmap fonts, you can
|
---|
561 | prevent them from being used by <application>fontconfig</application> by
|
---|
562 | creating the following file as the &root; user :
|
---|
563 | </para>
|
---|
564 |
|
---|
565 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/fonts/conf.d/70-no-bitmaps.conf << "EOF"
|
---|
566 | <literal><?xml version='1.0'?>
|
---|
567 | <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
|
---|
568 | <fontconfig>
|
---|
569 | <!-- Reject bitmap fonts -->
|
---|
570 | <selectfont>
|
---|
571 | <rejectfont>
|
---|
572 | <pattern>
|
---|
573 | <patelt name="scalable"><bool>false</bool></patelt>
|
---|
574 | </pattern>
|
---|
575 | </rejectfont>
|
---|
576 | </selectfont>
|
---|
577 | </fontconfig></literal>
|
---|
578 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
579 |
|
---|
580 | </sect2>
|
---|
581 |
|
---|
582 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="adding-extra-directories" xreflabel="Adding extra font directories">
|
---|
583 | <title>Adding extra font directories</title>
|
---|
584 |
|
---|
585 | <para>
|
---|
586 | Normally, system fonts and user fonts are installed in directories beneath
|
---|
587 | the locations specified in <xref linkend="xft-font-protocol"/> and there
|
---|
588 | is no obvious reason to put them elsewhere. However, a full BLFS install
|
---|
589 | of <xref linkend="texlive"/> puts many fonts in <filename
|
---|
590 | class="directory">/opt/texlive/&texlive-year;/texmf-dist/fonts/</filename>
|
---|
591 | in the <filename class="directory">opentype/</filename> and <filename
|
---|
592 | class="directory">truetype/</filename> subdirectories. Although pulling in
|
---|
593 | all of these files may appear useful (it allows you to use them in non
|
---|
594 | <application>TeX</application> programs), there are several problems with
|
---|
595 | such an approach:
|
---|
596 | </para>
|
---|
597 |
|
---|
598 | <orderedlist>
|
---|
599 | <listitem>
|
---|
600 | <para>
|
---|
601 | There are hundreds of files, which makes selecting fonts difficult.
|
---|
602 | </para>
|
---|
603 | </listitem>
|
---|
604 | <listitem>
|
---|
605 | <para>
|
---|
606 | Some of the files do odd things, such as displaying semaphore flags
|
---|
607 | instead of ASCII letters, or mapping cyrillic codepoints to character
|
---|
608 | forms appropriate to Old Church Slavonic instead of the expected
|
---|
609 | current shapes: fine if that is what you need, but painful for normal
|
---|
610 | use.
|
---|
611 | </para>
|
---|
612 | </listitem>
|
---|
613 | <listitem>
|
---|
614 | <para>
|
---|
615 | Several fonts have multiple sizes and impenetrable short names, which
|
---|
616 | both make selecting the correct font even more difficult.
|
---|
617 | </para>
|
---|
618 | </listitem>
|
---|
619 | <listitem>
|
---|
620 | <para>
|
---|
621 | When a font is added to CTAN, it is accompanied by TeX packages to use
|
---|
622 | it in the old engines (<application>xelatex</application> does not
|
---|
623 | normally need this), and then the version is often frozen whilst the
|
---|
624 | font is separately maintained. Some of these fonts such as <xref
|
---|
625 | linkend="dejavu-fonts"/> are probably already installed on your BLFS
|
---|
626 | system in a newer version, and if you have multiple versions of a font
|
---|
627 | it is unclear which one will be used by
|
---|
628 | <application>fontconfig</application>.
|
---|
629 | </para>
|
---|
630 | </listitem>
|
---|
631 | </orderedlist>
|
---|
632 |
|
---|
633 | <para>
|
---|
634 | However, it is sometimes useful to look at these fonts in non-TeX
|
---|
635 | applications, if only to see whether you wish to install a current
|
---|
636 | version. If you have installed all of <application>texlive</application>,
|
---|
637 | the following example will make one of the Arkandis Open Type fonts
|
---|
638 | available to other applications, and all three of the ParaType TrueType
|
---|
639 | fonts. Adjust or repeat the lines as desired, to either make all the
|
---|
640 | <filename class="directory">opentype/</filename> or <filename
|
---|
641 | class="directory">truetype</filename>fonts available, or to select
|
---|
642 | different font directories. As the <systemitem
|
---|
643 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:
|
---|
644 | </para>
|
---|
645 |
|
---|
646 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf << "EOF"
|
---|
647 | <literal><?xml version='1.0'?>
|
---|
648 | <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
|
---|
649 | <fontconfig>
|
---|
650 | <dir>/opt/texlive/&texlive-year;/texmf-dist/fonts/opentype/arkandis/berenisadf</dir>
|
---|
651 | <dir>/opt/texlive/&texlive-year;/texmf-dist/fonts/truetype/paratype</dir>
|
---|
652 | </fontconfig></literal>
|
---|
653 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
654 |
|
---|
655 | <para>
|
---|
656 | If you do this, remember to change all instances of the year in that file
|
---|
657 | when you upgrade <application>texlive</application> to a later release.
|
---|
658 | </para>
|
---|
659 |
|
---|
660 | </sect2>
|
---|
661 |
|
---|
662 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="preferring-certain-fonts" xreflabel="Preferring certain fonts">
|
---|
663 | <title>Preferring certain fonts</title>
|
---|
664 |
|
---|
665 | <para>
|
---|
666 | With the exception of web pages which use WOFF fonts and either supply
|
---|
667 | them or link to google to download them, web pages have traditionally
|
---|
668 | suggested a list of preferred font family names if they cared (e.g.
|
---|
669 | Times New Roman, Serif). There are many reasons why people may wish to
|
---|
670 | have pages which specify a preferred font use a different font, or
|
---|
671 | prefer specific fonts in Monospace or Sans or Serif. As you will expect,
|
---|
672 | there a number of different ways of achieving this.
|
---|
673 | </para>
|
---|
674 |
|
---|
675 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="fontconfig-user-docs"
|
---|
676 | xreflabel="Fontconfig user documentation">Fontconfig user documentation</bridgehead>
|
---|
677 |
|
---|
678 | <para>
|
---|
679 | <application>Fontconfig</application> installs user documentation that
|
---|
680 | includes an example 'User configuration file' which among other things
|
---|
681 | prefers <xref linkend="wenquanyi-zenhei"/> (a Sans font) if a
|
---|
682 | <emphasis>Serif</emphasis> font is requested for Chinese (this part
|
---|
683 | might be anachronistic unless you have non-free Chinese fonts, because
|
---|
684 | in <filename>65-nonlatin.conf</filename> this font is already among the
|
---|
685 | preferred fonts when Serif is specified for Chinese) and to prefer the
|
---|
686 | modern <xref linkend="VLGothic"/> font if a Sans font is specified on a
|
---|
687 | Japanese page (otherwise a couple of other fonts would be preferred if
|
---|
688 | they have been installed).
|
---|
689 | </para>
|
---|
690 |
|
---|
691 | <para>
|
---|
692 | If you have installed the current version, the user documentation is
|
---|
693 | available in HTML, PDF, and text versions at <filename
|
---|
694 | class="directory">/usr/share/doc/fontconfig-&fontconfig-version;/</filename>
|
---|
695 | : change the version if you installed a different one.
|
---|
696 | </para>
|
---|
697 |
|
---|
698 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="prefer-a-specific-font"
|
---|
699 | xreflabel="Prefer a specific font">Prefer a specific font</bridgehead>
|
---|
700 |
|
---|
701 | <para>
|
---|
702 | As an example, if for some reason you wished to use the <ulink
|
---|
703 | url="https://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/nimbus-roman-no9-l">Nimbus Roman
|
---|
704 | No9 L</ulink> font wherever Times New Roman is referenced (it is
|
---|
705 | metrically similar, and preferred for Times Roman, but the Serif font
|
---|
706 | from <xref linkend="liberation-fonts"/> will be preferred for the Times
|
---|
707 | <emphasis>New</emphasis> Roman font if installed), as an individual user
|
---|
708 | you could install the font and then create the following file:
|
---|
709 | </para>
|
---|
710 |
|
---|
711 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv ~/.config/fontconfig/conf.d &&
|
---|
712 | cat > ~/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/35-prefer-nimbus-for-timesnew.conf << "EOF"
|
---|
713 | <literal><?xml version='1.0'?>
|
---|
714 | <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
|
---|
715 | <fontconfig>
|
---|
716 | <!-- prefer Nimbus Roman No9 L for Times New Roman as well as for Times,
|
---|
717 | without this Tinos and Liberation Serif take precedence for Times New Roman
|
---|
718 | before fontconfig falls back to whatever matches Times -->
|
---|
719 | <alias binding="same">
|
---|
720 | <family>Times New Roman</family>
|
---|
721 | <accept>
|
---|
722 | <family>Nimbus Roman No9 L</family>
|
---|
723 | </accept>
|
---|
724 | </alias>
|
---|
725 | </fontconfig></literal>
|
---|
726 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
727 |
|
---|
728 | <para>
|
---|
729 | This is something you would normally do in an individual user's
|
---|
730 | settings, but the file in this case has been prefixed '35-' so that it
|
---|
731 | could, if desired, be used system-wide in <filename
|
---|
732 | class="directory">/etc/fonts/conf.d/</filename>.
|
---|
733 | </para>
|
---|
734 |
|
---|
735 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="prefer-chosen-CJK-fonts"
|
---|
736 | xreflabel="Prefer chosen CJK fonts">Prefer chosen CJK fonts</bridgehead>
|
---|
737 |
|
---|
738 | <para>
|
---|
739 | The following example of a local configuration (i.e. one that applies
|
---|
740 | for all users of the machine) does several things. It is particularly
|
---|
741 | appropriate where no language is specified, or for reading CJK text
|
---|
742 | in a non-CJK locale, and where the Japanese forms of the codepoints
|
---|
743 | shared with Chinese are preferred. In particular, alternative
|
---|
744 | approaches would be to specify a Chinese font ahead of the Japanese
|
---|
745 | font, meaning that only Kana symbols will be used from the Japanese
|
---|
746 | font, or to not specify DejaVu so that the first font in each set
|
---|
747 | of preferences is preferred for text using Latin alphabets.
|
---|
748 | </para>
|
---|
749 |
|
---|
750 | <orderedlist>
|
---|
751 | <listitem>
|
---|
752 | <para>
|
---|
753 | If a Serif font is specified, it prefers <xref linkend="dejavu-fonts"/>.
|
---|
754 | If Han codepoints are found, or the Japanese language is specified,
|
---|
755 | the Mincho font from <xref linkend="IPAex"/> will be used. If Hangul
|
---|
756 | codepoints are found or the Korean language is specified, UnBatang
|
---|
757 | (see <xref linkend="Korean-fonts"/>) will be used: Change that line
|
---|
758 | If you installed a different Korean serif font. After that,
|
---|
759 | <xref linkend="wenquanyi-zenhei"/> (Sans, but a default for Serif
|
---|
760 | and monospace) is used. A previous version of this page mentioned
|
---|
761 | using UMing which is a traditional-style chinese font that ships
|
---|
762 | with an old conf file preferring it for zh-tw and zh-hk language
|
---|
763 | codes (and for sans-serif and monospace). But without the conf file,
|
---|
764 | fontconfig will only treat it as suitable for zh-hk.
|
---|
765 | The conf file needs to be edited to current style and will then be
|
---|
766 | prepended, so specifying UMing does not belong in this
|
---|
767 | <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
|
---|
768 | </para>
|
---|
769 | </listitem>
|
---|
770 | <listitem>
|
---|
771 | <para>
|
---|
772 | For Sans Serif preferences again start with <xref linkend="dejavu-fonts"/>,
|
---|
773 | then <xref linkend="VLGothic"/> for Japanese before falling back to
|
---|
774 | WenQuanYi Zen Hei which is Sans and covers both Chinese and Korean
|
---|
775 | Hangul.
|
---|
776 | </para>
|
---|
777 | </listitem>
|
---|
778 | <listitem>
|
---|
779 | <para>
|
---|
780 | The Monospace fonts are forced to the preferred Sans fonts. If the
|
---|
781 | text is in Chinese or Korean then <xref
|
---|
782 | linkend="wenquanyi-zenhei"/> will be used.
|
---|
783 | </para>
|
---|
784 | </listitem>
|
---|
785 | </orderedlist>
|
---|
786 |
|
---|
787 | <para>
|
---|
788 | In a non-CJK locale, the result is that suitable fonts will be used for
|
---|
789 | all variants of Chinese, Japanese and Hangul Korean (but Japanese variants
|
---|
790 | of the glyphs shared with Chinese Han will be used). All other languages
|
---|
791 | should already work if a font is present. As the <systemitem
|
---|
792 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:
|
---|
793 | </para>
|
---|
794 |
|
---|
795 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/fonts/local.conf << "EOF"
|
---|
796 | <literal><?xml version='1.0'?>
|
---|
797 | <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
|
---|
798 | <fontconfig>
|
---|
799 | <alias>
|
---|
800 | <family>serif</family>
|
---|
801 | <prefer>
|
---|
802 | <family>DejaVu Serif</family>
|
---|
803 | <family>IPAexMincho</family>
|
---|
804 | <!-- WenQuanYi is preferred as Serif in 65-nonlatin.conf,
|
---|
805 | override that so a real Korean font can be used for Serif -->
|
---|
806 | <family>UnBatang</family>
|
---|
807 | </prefer>
|
---|
808 | </alias>
|
---|
809 | <alias>
|
---|
810 | <family>sans-serif</family>
|
---|
811 | <prefer>
|
---|
812 | <family>DejaVu Sans</family>
|
---|
813 | <family>VL Gothic</family>
|
---|
814 | <!-- This assumes WenQuanYi is good enough for Korean Sans -->
|
---|
815 | </prefer>
|
---|
816 | </alias>
|
---|
817 | <alias>
|
---|
818 | <family>monospace</family>
|
---|
819 | <prefer>
|
---|
820 | <family>DejaVu Sans Mono</family>
|
---|
821 | <family>VL Gothic</family>
|
---|
822 | <!-- This assumes WenQuanYi is good enough for Korean Monospace -->
|
---|
823 | </prefer>
|
---|
824 | </alias>
|
---|
825 | </fontconfig></literal>
|
---|
826 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
827 |
|
---|
828 | </sect2>
|
---|
829 |
|
---|
830 |
|
---|
831 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="editing-old-style-conf-files"
|
---|
832 | xreflabel="Editing Old-Style conf files">
|
---|
833 | <title>Editing Old-Style conf files</title>
|
---|
834 |
|
---|
835 | <para>
|
---|
836 | Some fonts, particularly Chinese fonts, ship with conf files which can be
|
---|
837 | installed in <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/conf.d</filename>.
|
---|
838 | However, if you do that and then use a terminal to run any command which
|
---|
839 | uses <application>fontconfig</application> you may see error messages such
|
---|
840 | as :
|
---|
841 | </para>
|
---|
842 |
|
---|
843 | <para>
|
---|
844 | <literal>Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/69-odofonts.conf", line
|
---|
845 | 14: Having multiple <family> in <alias> isn't supported and
|
---|
846 | may not work as expected</literal>.
|
---|
847 | </para>
|
---|
848 |
|
---|
849 | <para>
|
---|
850 | In practice, these old rules do not work. For non-CJK users,
|
---|
851 | <application>fontconfig</application> will usually do a good job
|
---|
852 | <emphasis>without</emphasis> these rules. Their origin dates back to when
|
---|
853 | CJK users needed handcrafted bitmaps to be legible at small sizes, and
|
---|
854 | those looked ugly next to antialiased Latin glyphs - they preferred to
|
---|
855 | use the same CJK font for the Latin glyphs. There is a side-effect of
|
---|
856 | doing this : the (Serif) font is often also used for Sans, and in such a
|
---|
857 | situation the (English) text in <application>Gtk</application> menus will
|
---|
858 | use this font - compared to system fonts, as well as being serif it is
|
---|
859 | both faint and rather small. That can make it uncomfortable to read.
|
---|
860 | </para>
|
---|
861 |
|
---|
862 | <para>
|
---|
863 | Nevertheless, these old conf files can be fixed if you wish to use them.
|
---|
864 | The following example is the first part of
|
---|
865 | <filename>64-arphic-uming.conf</filename> from <xref linkend="UMing"/> -
|
---|
866 | there are many more similar items which also need changing :
|
---|
867 | </para>
|
---|
868 |
|
---|
869 | <para>
|
---|
870 | <literallayout>
|
---|
871 | <match target="pattern">
|
---|
872 | <test qual="any" name="lang" compare="contains">
|
---|
873 | <string>zh-cn</string>
|
---|
874 | <string>zh-sg</string>
|
---|
875 | </test>
|
---|
876 | <test qual="any" name="family">
|
---|
877 | <string>serif</string>
|
---|
878 | </test>
|
---|
879 | <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
|
---|
880 | <string>AR PL UMing CN</string>
|
---|
881 | </edit>
|
---|
882 | </match></literallayout>
|
---|
883 | </para>
|
---|
884 |
|
---|
885 | <para>
|
---|
886 | The process to correct this is straightforward but tedious - for every
|
---|
887 | item which produces an error message, using your editor (as the &root;
|
---|
888 | user), edit the installed
|
---|
889 | file to repeat the whole block as many times as there are multiple
|
---|
890 | variables, then reduce each example to have only one of them. You may
|
---|
891 | wish to work on one error at a time, save the file after each fix, and
|
---|
892 | from a separate term run a command such as <command>fc-list 2>&1 |
|
---|
893 | less</command> to see that the fix worked. For the block above, the fixed
|
---|
894 | version will be :
|
---|
895 | </para>
|
---|
896 |
|
---|
897 | <para>
|
---|
898 | <literallayout>
|
---|
899 | <match target="pattern">
|
---|
900 | <test qual="any" name="lang" compare="contains">
|
---|
901 | <string>zh-cn</string>
|
---|
902 | </test>
|
---|
903 | <test qual="any" name="family">
|
---|
904 | <string>serif</string>
|
---|
905 | </test>
|
---|
906 | <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
|
---|
907 | <string>AR PL UMing CN</string>
|
---|
908 | </edit>
|
---|
909 | </match>
|
---|
910 | <match target="pattern">
|
---|
911 | <test qual="any" name="lang" compare="contains">
|
---|
912 | <string>zh-sg</string>
|
---|
913 | </test>
|
---|
914 | <test qual="any" name="family">
|
---|
915 | <string>serif</string>
|
---|
916 | </test>
|
---|
917 | <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
|
---|
918 | <string>AR PL UMing CN</string>
|
---|
919 | </edit>
|
---|
920 | </match></literallayout>
|
---|
921 | </para>
|
---|
922 |
|
---|
923 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="items-which-can-override-fontconfig"
|
---|
924 | xreflabel="Items which can override fontconfig">Items which can override fontconfig</bridgehead>
|
---|
925 |
|
---|
926 | <para>
|
---|
927 | Several desktop environments, as well as some programs, will use fontconfig
|
---|
928 | to find fonts but may override certain things.
|
---|
929 | </para>
|
---|
930 |
|
---|
931 | <para>
|
---|
932 | GNOME: The settings in org.gnome.desktop.interface can be updated with
|
---|
933 | <application>dconf-editor</application>. You can set the fonts to your preference
|
---|
934 | and desired point size. To use the fonts chosen by fontconfig specify e.g.
|
---|
935 | 'Sans 12', Serif 11', 'Mono 10' as desired. Also review the antialiasing, hinting
|
---|
936 | and rgba settings.
|
---|
937 | </para>
|
---|
938 |
|
---|
939 | <para>
|
---|
940 | LXQt: Change font settings as necessary to match fontconfig in
|
---|
941 | <application>lxqt-config-appearance</application>.
|
---|
942 | </para>
|
---|
943 |
|
---|
944 | <para>
|
---|
945 | KDE Plasma: The settings can be adjusted in <application>System
|
---|
946 | Settings</application> under Appearance -> Fonts. This will create or modify
|
---|
947 | <filename>~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf</filename> although
|
---|
948 | <filename>~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf</filename>, if installed, can
|
---|
949 | override that.
|
---|
950 | </para>
|
---|
951 |
|
---|
952 | <para>
|
---|
953 | Xfce desktop: The settings can be adjusted in
|
---|
954 | <application>Settings</application> Appearance -> Fonts. Specify your
|
---|
955 | preferred fonts, e.g. 'Sans Regular' (to use the regular face and weight
|
---|
956 | rather than Bold and/or Italic) and adjust the point size in the option.
|
---|
957 | Review the Rendering and DPI options.
|
---|
958 | </para>
|
---|
959 |
|
---|
960 | <para>
|
---|
961 | Firefox: This browser allows you to specify its default fonts. For the 115esr
|
---|
962 | series, use the 'Hamburger' menu to got to Preferences, General, and under Fonts
|
---|
963 | -> Advanced select Sans Serif, Serif, Monospace as appropriate if you wish to use
|
---|
964 | the fonts which match fontconfig. Set the point sizes as desired. In later
|
---|
965 | versions, the settings are at Preferences -> Fonts.
|
---|
966 | <!-- FIXME : Ken - when merging, add note in packages to update this when next ESR
|
---|
967 | series is used -->
|
---|
968 | </para>
|
---|
969 |
|
---|
970 | <para>
|
---|
971 | Libreoffice: Tests using English text with an old Japanese font (HanaMinA)
|
---|
972 | which supports several European languages but had only one weight and no
|
---|
973 | italics or slant showed that although <application>Libreoffice</application>
|
---|
974 | uses fontconfig to find the font, it created its own bold or slanted text.
|
---|
975 | It is not clear if it will do the same where a font actually has bold weight
|
---|
976 | or an italic face. Also, documentation shows that Libreoffice has its own
|
---|
977 | substitution rules for when a codepoint is not found in the selected font,
|
---|
978 | but is unclear if those rules apply on Linux using fontconfig.
|
---|
979 | </para>
|
---|
980 |
|
---|
981 | <para>
|
---|
982 | Pango: as noted in the example <filename>~/.config/fontconfig</filename>
|
---|
983 | above, anything using Pango-1.44 (from 2019) or later now uses Harfbuzz for
|
---|
984 | hinting, not FreeType, and <literal>hintfull</literal> is not supported.
|
---|
985 | </para>
|
---|
986 |
|
---|
987 | </sect2>
|
---|
988 |
|
---|
989 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="external-links" xreflabel="External Links">
|
---|
990 | <title>External Links</title>
|
---|
991 |
|
---|
992 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="I-stared-into-the-fontconfig"
|
---|
993 | xreflabel="I stared into the fontconfig">I stared into the fontconfig ...</bridgehead>
|
---|
994 |
|
---|
995 | <para>
|
---|
996 | The blog entries by <ulink
|
---|
997 | url="https://eev.ee/blog/2015/05/20/i-stared-into-the-fontconfig-and-the-fontconfig-stared-back-at-me/">Eevee</ulink>
|
---|
998 | are particularly useful if <application>fontconfig</application> does not
|
---|
999 | think your chosen font supports your language, and for preferring some
|
---|
1000 | non-MS Japanese fonts when an ugly MS font is already installed.
|
---|
1001 | </para>
|
---|
1002 |
|
---|
1003 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="subpixel-hinting"
|
---|
1004 | xreflabel="subpixel-hinting">subpixel-hinting</bridgehead>
|
---|
1005 |
|
---|
1006 | <para>The documentation of the FreeType v40 interpreter at <ulink
|
---|
1007 | url="https://freetype.org/freetype2/docs/hinting/subpixel-hinting.html">freetype
|
---|
1008 | docs</ulink>
|
---|
1009 | explains how the current hinter works, and why the previous (slow) Infinality
|
---|
1010 | interpreter was replaced.
|
---|
1011 | </para>
|
---|
1012 |
|
---|
1013 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="calc-dpi"
|
---|
1014 | xreflabel="calc-dpi">Calculating DPI</bridgehead>
|
---|
1015 |
|
---|
1016 | <para>An old answer at <ulink
|
---|
1017 | url="https://askubuntu.com/questions/197828/how-to-find-and-change-the-screen-dpi/">askubuntu</ulink>
|
---|
1018 | gives some detail on calculating a screen's dots per inch, but essentailly
|
---|
1019 | you just measure the width and height of the visible panel, convert to
|
---|
1020 | inches if using metric measurements, and divide by the number of pixels.
|
---|
1021 | You can then pass <option>-dpi <replaceable>90</replaceable></option> when
|
---|
1022 | you start Xorg, using your own value.
|
---|
1023 | </para>
|
---|
1024 |
|
---|
1025 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="arch-fontconfig"
|
---|
1026 | xreflabel="Fontconfig in the Arch wiki">Fontconfig in the Arch wiki</bridgehead>
|
---|
1027 |
|
---|
1028 | <para>
|
---|
1029 | Arch has a lot of information in its wiki at <ulink
|
---|
1030 | url="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/font_configuration">font_configuration</ulink>.
|
---|
1031 | </para>
|
---|
1032 |
|
---|
1033 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3" id="gentoo-fontconfig"
|
---|
1034 | xreflabel="Fontconfig in the Gentoo wiki">Fontconfig in the Gentoo wiki</bridgehead>
|
---|
1035 |
|
---|
1036 | <para>
|
---|
1037 | Gentoo has some information in its wiki at <ulink
|
---|
1038 | url="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Fontconfig">Fontconfig</ulink> although
|
---|
1039 | a lot of the details (what to enable, and Infinality) are specific to
|
---|
1040 | Gentoo.
|
---|
1041 | </para>
|
---|
1042 |
|
---|
1043 | </sect2>
|
---|
1044 |
|
---|
1045 | </sect1>
|
---|