[feeb99a] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="x-setup">
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[a0f03b0] | 9 | <sect1info>
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[5cd0959d] | 10 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 11 | <date>$Date$</date>
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[a0f03b0] | 12 | </sect1info>
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[feeb99a] | 13 | <?dbhtml filename="xfree86-setup.html"?>
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[646d9189] | 14 | <title>X Window System Components</title>
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[feeb99a] | 15 |
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[0bfe309a] | 16 | <sect2 id='dri'>
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[feeb99a] | 17 | <title>Checking Direct Rendering Infrastructure (<acronym>DRI</acronym>) Installation</title>
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[0bfe309a] | 18 |
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| 19 | <indexterm zone="x-setup dri">
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| 20 | <primary sortas="g-x-setup">DRI</primary>
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| 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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[feeb99a] | 23 | <para><acronym>DRI</acronym> is a framework for allowing software to access graphics hardware
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| 24 | in a safe and efficient manner. It is installed in
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| 25 | <application>X</application> by default if
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| 26 | you have a supported video card. To check if <acronym>DRI</acronym> is installed properly,
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| 27 | check the log file <filename>/var/log/XFree86.0.log</filename> or
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| 28 | <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> for statements like:</para>
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| 29 |
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| 30 | <screen>(II) R128(0): Direct rendering enabled</screen>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <para>From an <command>xterm</command>, run <command>glxinfo</command> and look for the phrase:</para>
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| 33 | <screen>direct rendering: Yes</screen>
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| 34 |
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| 35 | <para>You can also run the test program <command>glxgears</command>.
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| 36 | This program brings up a window with three gears turning. The
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| 37 | <command>xterm</command> will display how many frames were drawn every
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| 38 | five seconds, so this is a reasonable benchmark. The window is scalable, and
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| 39 | the frames drawn per second is highly dependent on the size of
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| 40 | the window.</para>
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[0bfe309a] | 41 |
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| 42 | <indexterm zone="x-setup dri">
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| 43 | <primary sortas="b-glxgears">glxgears</primary>
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| 44 | </indexterm>
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| 45 |
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| 46 | <indexterm zone="x-setup dri">
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| 47 | <primary sortas="b-glxinfo">glxinfo</primary>
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| 48 | </indexterm>
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| 49 |
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| 50 |
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[feeb99a] | 51 | <para>For troubleshooting problems, check the <acronym>DRI</acronym> Users Guide at
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| 52 | <ulink url="http://dri.sourceforge.net/doc/DRIuserguide.html"/>.
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| 53 | </para>
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| 54 | </sect2>
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| 55 |
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| 56 | <!-- ================================================== -->
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| 57 |
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[0bfe309a] | 58 | <sect2 id='fonts'>
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[feeb99a] | 59 | <title>Adding <application>TrueType</application> fonts to
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| 60 | <application>X</application></title>
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| 61 |
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| 62 | <para><application>TrueType</application> font support is built into
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| 63 | <application>X</application>. The following items need to
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| 64 | be completed to make the fonts available.</para>
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| 65 |
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[0bfe309a] | 66 | <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
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| 67 | <primary sortas="g-truetype">TrueType</primary>
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| 68 | </indexterm>
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| 69 |
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[feeb99a] | 70 | <itemizedlist>
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| 71 |
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| 72 | <listitem><para>Establish a directory for the fonts and move any
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[286510e1] | 73 | <application>TrueType</application> fonts you want into that directory.
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| 74 | Ensure that any fonts you install are world readable. Incorrect
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| 75 | permissions on fonts have been known to cause problems with some X
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| 76 | applications.</para></listitem>
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[feeb99a] | 77 |
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[c3af16e] | 78 | <listitem><para>Download the fonts.</para></listitem>
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| 79 |
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[feeb99a] | 80 | <listitem><para>Create the <filename>fonts.scale</filename> and
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| 81 | <filename>fonts.dir</filename> files in the
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| 82 | <application>TrueType</application> font
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| 83 | directory.</para></listitem>
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| 84 |
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| 85 | <listitem><para>Ensure the <application>TrueType</application> module is loaded in the
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| 86 | <filename>XF86Config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename>.</para></listitem>
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| 87 |
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| 88 | <listitem><para>Ensure the <parameter>FontPath</parameter> in
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[646d9189] | 89 | <filename>XF86Config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename> contains the
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[feeb99a] | 90 | <application>TrueType</application> font directory.</para></listitem>
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| 91 |
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[0bfe309a] | 92 | <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
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| 93 | <primary sortas="e-etc-X11-xorg.conf">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</primary>
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| 94 | </indexterm>
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| 95 |
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| 96 | <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
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| 97 | <primary sortas="e-etc-Xll-XF86Config">/etc/X11/XF86Config</primary>
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| 98 | </indexterm>
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| 99 |
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[646d9189] | 100 | <listitem><para>Update the font cache files</para></listitem>
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| 101 |
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[feeb99a] | 102 | </itemizedlist>
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| 103 |
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| 104 | <sect3><title>Establish a <application>TrueType</application> font directory</title>
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| 105 |
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| 106 | <para>The build of <application>X</application> as given above
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| 107 | automatically creates a <application>TrueType</application>
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| 108 | font directory: <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF</filename>. This
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| 109 | directory already has some <application>TrueType</application> fonts and is set up correctly.
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| 110 | If this directory is satisfactory, copy any other
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| 111 | <application>TrueType</application> fonts you want
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| 112 | into that directory. If not, create a new directory, preferably in
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| 113 | the <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/</filename> directory and put
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| 114 | your <application>TrueType</application> fonts there.</para></sect3>
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| 115 |
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[c3af16e] | 116 | <sect3><title>Download the fonts</title>
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| 117 |
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| 118 | <para>There are two known high quality free font resources:
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[0bd0e831] | 119 | <ulink url="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/savannah/files/freefont/"/> and <ulink
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[c3af16e] | 120 | url="http://corefonts.sourceforge.net/"/>. Copy the fonts (files with
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| 121 | the <filename>.ttf</filename> suffix) to the directory you've just
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| 122 | created.</para>
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| 123 |
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| 124 | </sect3>
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| 125 |
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[feeb99a] | 126 | <sect3><title>Create <filename>fonts.scale</filename> and
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| 127 | <filename>fonts.dir</filename></title>
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| 128 |
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| 129 | <para>Now change to the directory where you have your
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| 130 | <application>TrueType</application> fonts and run:
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| 131 | <screen><userinput><command>mkfontscale &&
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| 132 | mkfontdir</command></userinput></screen></para></sect3>
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| 133 |
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| 134 | <sect3><title>Ensure <application>TrueType</application> is loaded in
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| 135 | <filename>XF86Config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename></title>
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| 136 | <para>The "Module" section should look like:
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| 137 | <screen>Section "Module"
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| 138 | ...
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| 139 | Load "freetype"
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| 140 | ...
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| 141 | EndSection</screen></para></sect3>
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| 142 |
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| 143 | <sect3><title>Ensure the <parameter>FontPath</parameter> in
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[646d9189] | 144 | <filename>XF86Config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename> points to the
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[feeb99a] | 145 | <application>TrueType</application> font directory</title>
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| 146 | <para>The "Files" section should look like:
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| 147 | <screen>Section "Files"
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| 148 | ...
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| 149 | FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/<replaceable>[TrueTypeDir]</replaceable>/"
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| 150 | ...
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| 151 | EndSection</screen></para>
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| 152 | </sect3>
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| 153 |
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| 154 | <sect3><title>Update the font cache files</title>
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[646d9189] | 155 |
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| 156 | <para>Ensure you have the following directory entries in
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| 157 | <filename>/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>, inside the fontconfig
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| 158 | tags:</para>
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| 159 |
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[0bfe309a] | 160 | <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
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| 161 | <primary sortas="e-etc-fonts-local.conf">/etc/fonts/local.conf</primary>
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| 162 | </indexterm>
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| 163 |
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[646d9189] | 164 | <screen><userinput><command>sed -i -e '/^<\/fontconfig>/i\
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| 165 | <dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF</dir>\
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| 166 | <dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1</dir>' /etc/fonts/local.conf</command></userinput></screen>
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| 167 |
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| 168 | <para>The <command>fc-cache</command> program will automatically search
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| 169 | the above directories and all subdirectories for needed fonts.</para>
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| 170 |
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[0bfe309a] | 171 | <para>Finally, to update all the font cache files, run</para>
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| 172 |
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[feeb99a] | 173 | <screen><userinput><command>fc-cache</command></userinput></screen>
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| 174 |
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[0bfe309a] | 175 | <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
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| 176 | <primary sortas="b-fc-cache">fc-cache</primary>
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| 177 | </indexterm>
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| 178 |
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| 179 |
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[feeb99a] | 180 | <para><application>X</application> will now be able to use
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| 181 | <application>TrueType</application> fonts when it is restarted.
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| 182 | You can check to see if the new fonts are available with the
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| 183 | <command>xlsfonts</command> or <command>xfontsel</command>
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| 184 | program.</para>
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| 185 |
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| 186 | <note><para>You should rerun <command>mkfontscale</command> and
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| 187 | <command>mkfontdir</command> any time you add or delete
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| 188 | <application>TrueType</application> fonts.
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| 189 | You should also rerun <command>fc-cache</command> each time
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| 190 | you add or remove any fonts.</para></note>
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| 191 |
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| 192 | </sect3>
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| 193 | </sect2>
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| 194 |
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| 195 | <!-- ================================================== -->
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| 196 | <sect2>
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| 197 | <title>Setting up keyboards</title>
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[e3ef32f] | 198 | <para>In this version of <application>X</application>, non-Latin
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[feeb99a] | 199 | keyboard layouts do not include Latin configurations as was previous
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| 200 | practice. To set up a keyboard for Latin and non-Latin input,
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| 201 | change the XkbLayout keyboard driver option in the InputDevice section
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| 202 | of the <filename>XF86Config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename> file. For example:</para>
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| 203 |
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| 204 | <screen> Section "InputDevice"
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| 205 | Identifier "Keyboard0"
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| 206 | Driver "Keyboard"
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| 207 | Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
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| 208 | Option "XkbLayout" "en_US,ru"
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| 209 | Option "XkbOptions" "grp:switch,grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll"
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| 210 | EndSection</screen>
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| 211 |
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| 212 | <para>In this example, you can use the Alt-Shift combination to switch
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| 213 | between keyboard layouts and use the Scroll Lock <acronym>LED</acronym> to indicate when
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| 214 | the second layout is active.</para>
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| 215 | </sect2>
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| 216 |
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[c3af16e] | 217 | <!-- ================================================== -->
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| 218 | <sect2>
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| 219 | <title>Setting up fonts</title>
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[8337334] | 220 |
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[922d7eea] | 221 | <para>Users using character sets other than <acronym>ISO</acronym>-8859-1 have to
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| 222 | make a few adjustments to their font settings in order to
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| 223 | make sure that fonts with
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[21aae54] | 224 | the correct encoding are used for "fixed", "variable", "10x20" and
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| 225 | similar aliases:</para>
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| 226 |
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| 227 | <para>For Cyrillic alphabet, it is sufficient to put the following line
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[e3ef32f] | 228 | into the top of the "Files" section in <filename>XF86Config</filename>
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| 229 | or <filename>xorg.conf</filename>
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[21aae54] | 230 | because this directory already contains the needed bitmap fonts and
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| 231 | their aliases:</para>
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| 232 |
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| 233 | <screen>FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/"</screen>
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[8337334] | 234 |
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[922d7eea] | 235 | <para>For ISO-8859-<replaceable>[X]</replaceable> based locales, use the
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| 236 | following command instead:</para>
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| 237 |
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| 238 | <screen><userinput><command>sed -i 's,iso8859-1\( \|$\),iso8859-<replaceable>[X]</replaceable>\1,g' \
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| 239 | /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/{75dpi,100dpi,misc}/fonts.alias</command></userinput></screen>
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| 240 |
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[c3af16e] | 241 | </sect2>
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| 242 |
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[feeb99a] | 243 | <!-- ================================================== -->
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[0bfe309a] | 244 | <sect2 id='xdm'>
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[feeb99a] | 245 | <title>Setting up XDM</title>
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| 246 | <para><command>xdm</command> provides a graphical logon capability and is
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| 247 | normally set up in <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>. Most of the information
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| 248 | you need to customize <command>xdm</command> is found in its man page. To
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| 249 | execute <command>xdm</command> during bootup, change the initdefault level to 5
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| 250 | and add the following lines to <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>:</para>
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| 251 |
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[0bfe309a] | 252 | <indexterm zone="x-setup xdm">
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| 253 | <primary sortas="b-xdm">xdm</primary>
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| 254 | </indexterm>
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| 255 |
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[feeb99a] | 256 | <para><screen><userinput># Run xdm as a separate service
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| 257 | x:5:respawn:/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon</userinput></screen></para>
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| 258 |
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| 259 | <para>If Linux-PAM is installed on your system, you should
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| 260 | create a PAM entry for xdm by duplicating the login entry
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| 261 | using the following command:</para>
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| 262 |
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| 263 | <para><screen><userinput>cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/xdm</userinput></screen></para>
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| 264 |
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| 265 | </sect2>
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| 266 |
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| 267 | <!-- ================================================== -->
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[0bfe309a] | 268 | <sect2 id='x-resources'>
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[feeb99a] | 269 | <title>Using <application>X</application> Resources</title>
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| 270 | <para>There are many options that can be set in
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| 271 | <application>X</application> and <application>X</application> clients via
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| 272 | resources. Typically resources are set in the <filename>~/.Xresources</filename>
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| 273 | file.</para>
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| 274 |
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| 275 | <para>The layout of the <filename>~/.Xresources</filename> file consists
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| 276 | of a list of specifications in the form of</para>
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| 277 |
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[0bfe309a] | 278 | <indexterm zone="x-setup x-resources">
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| 279 | <primary sortas="e-AA-.xresources">~/.Xresources</primary>
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| 280 | </indexterm>
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| 281 |
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[feeb99a] | 282 | <screen>object.subobject[.subobject...].attribute: value</screen>
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| 283 |
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| 284 | <para>Components of a resource specification are linked together
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| 285 | by either <emphasis>tight</emphasis>, represented by a dot (.),
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| 286 | or <emphasis>loose</emphasis>, represented by an asterisk (*), bindings.
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| 287 | A tight binding indicates that the components on either side of the dot must
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| 288 | be directly next to each other as defined in a specific implementation. An
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| 289 | asterisk is a wildcard character that means that any number of levels in
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| 290 | a defined hierarchy can be between the components.
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| 291 | For example, X offers two special cursors: redglass and whiteglass. To
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| 292 | use one of these resources, you need to add the following line:</para>
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| 293 |
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| 294 | <screen>Xcursor.theme: whiteglass</screen>
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| 295 |
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| 296 | <para>However, you can specify the background for all clients with:</para>
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| 297 |
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| 298 | <screen>*background: blue</screen>
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| 299 |
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| 300 | <para>More specific resource variables will override less specific names. </para>
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| 301 |
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| 302 | <para>Resource definitions can be found in the man pages for each
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| 303 | respective client.</para>
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| 304 |
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| 305 | <para>In order to load your resources, the <command>xrdb</command>
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| 306 | program must be
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| 307 | called with the appropriate parameters. Typically, the first time
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| 308 | resources are loaded, you use:</para>
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| 309 |
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| 310 | <screen><userinput><command>xrdb -load <filename></command></userinput></screen>
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| 311 |
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| 312 | <para>To add resources to <application>X</application>'s database in memory, use:</para>
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| 313 | <screen><userinput><command>xrdb -merge <filename></command></userinput></screen>
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| 314 |
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| 315 | <para>The <command>xrdb</command> instruction is usually placed in
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| 316 | <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> or <filename>~/.xsession</filename>.
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| 317 | To get more information, see the xrdb man page.</para>
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| 318 |
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[0bfe309a] | 319 | <indexterm zone="x-setup x-resources">
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| 320 | <primary sortas="b-xrdb">xrdb</primary>
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| 321 | </indexterm>
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| 322 |
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| 323 | </sect2>
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[feeb99a] | 324 | </sect1>
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| 325 |
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