[feeb99a] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[ff769b8c] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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[feeb99a] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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[3f72a148] | 8 | <sect1 id="x-setup" xreflabel="X Window System Components">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="x-setup.html"?>
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[feeb99a] | 10 |
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[84b64f2] | 11 | <sect1info>
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| 12 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 13 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 14 | </sect1info>
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[0bfe309a] | 15 |
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[84b64f2] | 16 | <title>X Window System Components</title>
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[0bfe309a] | 17 |
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[3f72a148] | 18 | <sect2 role="configuration" id='xconfig'>
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| 19 | <title>Configuring The X Window System</title>
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| 20 |
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| 21 | <para>If you've installed the X Window System in any prefix other
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| 22 | than <filename>/usr</filename>, as the
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| 23 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, add
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| 24 | <filename class="directory">
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| 25 | <replaceable></usr/X11R6></replaceable>/lib</filename> to
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| 26 | the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file and run
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[96ffdca] | 27 | <command>ldconfig</command>. Additionally, while still the
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[3f72a148] | 28 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, ensure
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| 29 | <filename class="directory">
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| 30 | <replaceable></usr/X11R6></replaceable>/bin</filename>
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| 31 | and <filename class="directory">
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| 32 | <replaceable></usr/X11R6></replaceable>/lib/pkgconfig</filename>
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| 33 | are added to your <envar>PATH</envar> and <envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar>
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| 34 | environment variables, respectively. Instructions for doing this are
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| 35 | described in the section <xref linkend='postlfs-config-profile'/>.</para>
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| 36 |
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| 37 | <para>As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user
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| 38 | create a basic X Window System configuration file with the following
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| 39 | commands:</para>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <para>For <application>Xorg</application>:</para>
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| 42 | <screen><userinput>cd ~ &&
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| 43 | Xorg -configure</userinput></screen>
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| 44 |
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| 45 | <para>For <application>XFree86</application>:</para>
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| 46 | <screen><userinput>cd ~ &&
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| 47 | XFree86 -configure</userinput></screen>
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| 48 |
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| 49 | <indexterm zone="x-setup xconfig">
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| 50 | <primary sortas="e-etc-X11-xorg-conf">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</primary>
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| 51 | </indexterm>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | <indexterm zone="x-setup xconfig">
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| 54 | <primary sortas="e-etc-X11-XF86Config">/etc/X11/XF86Config</primary>
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| 55 | </indexterm>
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| 56 |
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| 57 | <para>The screen will go black and you may hear some clicking of the
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| 58 | monitor. This command will create a file in your
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| 59 | home directory, <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> for
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| 60 | <application>Xorg</application>, or <filename>XF86Config.new</filename>
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| 61 | for <application>XFree86</application>.</para>
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| 62 |
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| 63 | <para>Edit the newly created configuration file to suit your system. The
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[96ffdca] | 64 | details of the files are located in the <filename>xorg.conf.5x</filename>
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| 65 | and <filename>XF86Config.5x</filename> man
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[3f72a148] | 66 | pages. Some things you may want to do are:</para>
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| 67 |
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| 68 | <itemizedlist>
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| 69 | <listitem>
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| 70 | <para>Section "Files". Change the order of the font paths searched.
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| 71 | You may want to put 100dpi fonts ahead of 75dpi fonts if your system
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| 72 | normally comes up closer to 100 dots per inch. You may want to remove
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| 73 | some font directories completely.</para>
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| 74 | </listitem>
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| 75 | <listitem>
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| 76 | <para>Section "Module". If you are going to install NVidia
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| 77 | drivers, remove the "dri" line.</para>
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| 78 | </listitem>
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| 79 | <listitem>
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| 80 | <para>Sections "InputDevice". You may want to change the
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| 81 | keyboard autorepeat rate by adding
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| 82 | <option>Option "Autorepeat" "250 30"</option>.</para>
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| 83 | </listitem>
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| 84 | <listitem>
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| 85 | <para>Section "Monitor". Specify the <option>VertRefresh</option>
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| 86 | and <option>HorizSync</option> values if the system does not
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| 87 | automatically detect the monitor and its values.</para>
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| 88 | </listitem>
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| 89 | <listitem>
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| 90 | <para>Section "Device". You may want to set some of the options
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| 91 | available for your selected video driver. A description of the driver
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| 92 | parameters is in the man page for your driver.</para>
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| 93 | </listitem>
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| 94 | <listitem><para>Section "Screen". Add a DefaultDepth statement such as:
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| 95 | <option>DefaultDepth 24</option>. In the SubSection for your
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| 96 | default depth, add a modes line such as:
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| 97 | <option>Modes "1600x1200" "1280x1024" "1024x768"</option>. The first
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| 98 | mode listed will normally be the starting resolution.</para>
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| 99 | </listitem>
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| 100 | </itemizedlist>
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| 101 |
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| 102 | <para>Test the system with one of the following commands:</para>
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| 103 |
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| 104 | <para>For <application>Xorg</application>:</para>
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| 105 | <screen><userinput>X -config ~/xorg.conf.new</userinput></screen>
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| 106 |
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| 107 | <para>For <application>XFree86</application>:</para>
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| 108 | <screen><userinput>XFree86 -xf86config ~/XF86Config.new</userinput></screen>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <para>You will only get a gray background with an X-shaped mouse cursor,
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| 111 | but it confirms the system is working. Exit with
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| 112 | <keycap>Control+Alt+Backspace</keycap>. If the system does not work, take
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| 113 | a look at <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> or
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| 114 | <filename>/var/log/XFree86.0.log</filename> to see what went
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| 115 | wrong.</para>
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| 116 |
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| 117 | <para>As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, create
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| 118 | the configuration directory and move the configuration file to the new
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| 119 | directory:</para>
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| 120 |
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| 121 | <para>For <application>Xorg</application>:</para>
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| 122 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m755 -D ~/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</userinput></screen>
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| 123 |
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| 124 | <para>For <application>XFree86</application>:</para>
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| 125 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m755 -D ~/XF86Config.new /etc/X11/XF86Config</userinput></screen>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <para>As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, create
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| 128 | <filename>.xinitrc</filename>:</para>
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| 129 |
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| 130 | <screen><userinput>cat > ~/.xinitrc << "EOF"
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| 131 | <literal># Begin .xinitrc file
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| 132 | xterm -g 80x40+0+0 &
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| 133 | xclock -g 100x100-0+0 &
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| 134 | twm</literal>
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| 135 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 136 |
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| 137 | <para>This provides an initial screen with a small clock that is
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| 138 | managed by a simple window manager, Tab Window Manager. For details of
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| 139 | <command>twm</command>, see the man page.</para>
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| 140 |
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| 141 | <note>
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[e257101] | 142 | <para>Both the default, and the BLFS configuration for
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| 143 | <application>Xorg</application> include <application>xterm</application>.
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| 144 | <application>Xorg</application>'s modular distribution no longer includes
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[3f72a148] | 145 | <application>xterm</application>, and
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| 146 | as a result, the <command>startx</command> command will fail if you have
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| 147 | not installed <xref linkend="xterm2"/> when using the modular X Window
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[e257101] | 148 | System. You can remove the <application>xterm</application> line in the
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| 149 | above config file to test the xserver, or install one of the other
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| 150 | terminal emulators and make appropriate changes.</para>
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[3f72a148] | 151 | </note>
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| 152 |
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| 153 | <indexterm zone="x-setup xconfig">
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| 154 | <primary sortas="e-AA.xinitrc">~/.xinitrc</primary>
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| 155 | </indexterm>
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| 156 |
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| 157 | <para>When needed, the X Window System creates the directory
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| 158 | <filename class='directory'>/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> if it does not
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| 159 | exist. If this directory is not owned by
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| 160 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>,
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| 161 | the X Window System delays startup by a few seconds and also
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| 162 | appends a warning to the logfile. This also affects startup of other
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| 163 | applications. To improve performance, it is advisable to manually create
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| 164 | the directory before the X Window System uses it. Add the file creation
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| 165 | to <filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename> that is sourced by
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| 166 | the <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs</filename> startup script.</para>
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| 167 |
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| 168 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >> /etc/sysconfig/createfiles << "EOF"
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| 169 | /tmp/.ICE-unix dir 1777 root root
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| 170 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 171 |
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| 172 | <indexterm zone="x-setup xconfig">
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| 173 | <primary
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| 174 | sortas="e-etc-sysconfig-createfiles">/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</primary>
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| 175 | </indexterm>
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| 176 |
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| 177 | <para>Start <application>X</application> with:</para>
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| 178 |
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| 179 | <screen><userinput>startx</userinput></screen>
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| 180 |
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| 181 | <para>and a basic functional <application>X Window
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| 182 | System</application> should be displayed.</para>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <para>For a list of the package contents and a description of the commands,
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| 185 | see the sections in the <xref linkend='xfree86-contents'/>.</para>
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| 186 |
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| 187 | </sect2>
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| 188 |
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[84b64f2] | 189 | <sect2 id='dri'>
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| 190 | <title>Checking Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) Installation</title>
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[feeb99a] | 191 |
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[84b64f2] | 192 | <indexterm zone="x-setup dri">
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| 193 | <primary sortas="g-DRI">DRI</primary>
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| 194 | </indexterm>
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[feeb99a] | 195 |
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[84b64f2] | 196 | <para>DRI is a framework for allowing software to access graphics hardware
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| 197 | in a safe and efficient manner. It is installed in
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| 198 | <application>X</application> by default if you have a supported video card.
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| 199 | To check if DRI is installed properly, check the log file
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| 200 | <filename>/var/log/XFree86.0.log</filename> or
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| 201 | <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> for statements like:</para>
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| 202 |
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| 203 | <screen><literal>(II) R128(0): Direct rendering enabled</literal></screen>
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| 204 |
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| 205 | <para>From an <command>xterm</command>, run <command>glxinfo</command>
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| 206 | and look for the phrase:</para>
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[310960e4] | 207 |
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[7f2584b7] | 208 | <screen><computeroutput>direct rendering: Yes</computeroutput></screen>
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[feeb99a] | 209 |
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[84b64f2] | 210 | <para>You can also run the test program <command>glxgears</command>.
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| 211 | This program brings up a window with three gears turning. The
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| 212 | <command>xterm</command> will display how many frames were drawn every
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| 213 | five seconds, so this is a reasonable benchmark. The window is scalable,
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| 214 | and the frames drawn per second is highly dependent on the size of
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| 215 | the window.</para>
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[0bfe309a] | 216 |
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[84b64f2] | 217 | <indexterm zone="x-setup dri">
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| 218 | <primary sortas="b-glxgears">glxgears</primary>
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| 219 | </indexterm>
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[0bfe309a] | 220 |
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[84b64f2] | 221 | <indexterm zone="x-setup dri">
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| 222 | <primary sortas="b-glxinfo">glxinfo</primary>
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| 223 | </indexterm>
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[0bfe309a] | 224 |
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[84b64f2] | 225 | <para>For troubleshooting problems, check the DRI Users Guide at
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| 226 | <ulink url="http://dri.sourceforge.net/doc/DRIuserguide.html"/>.</para>
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[0bfe309a] | 227 |
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[84b64f2] | 228 | </sect2>
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[feeb99a] | 229 |
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| 230 | <!-- ================================================== -->
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| 231 |
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[84b64f2] | 232 | <sect2 id='fonts'>
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[43d8a509] | 233 | <title>Setting up Fonts</title>
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[84b64f2] | 234 |
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[43d8a509] | 235 | <para>There are two font systems in the
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| 236 | <application>X Window System</application>. The first is the
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| 237 | core X font protocol, and the second is Xft. Toolkits that use the core
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| 238 | X font protocol include Xt, Xaw, Motif clones and GTK+-1.2. Toolkits that
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| 239 | use Xft include GTK+-2 and Qt and use <application>Fontconfig</application>
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| 240 | for control. Both font systems should be configured for proper font
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| 241 | coverage in the <application>X Window System</application>.</para>
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[84b64f2] | 242 |
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| 243 | <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
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| 244 | <primary sortas="e-etc-X11-xorg-conf">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</primary>
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| 245 | </indexterm>
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| 246 |
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| 247 | <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
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| 248 | <primary sortas="e-etc-X11-XF86Config">/etc/X11/XF86Config</primary>
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| 249 | </indexterm>
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| 250 |
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| 251 | <sect3>
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[43d8a509] | 252 | <title>Core X Font Protocol</title>
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[84b64f2] | 253 |
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[43d8a509] | 254 | <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
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| 255 | <primary sortas="g-core-x-font">Core X Font Protocol</primary>
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[84b64f2] | 256 | </indexterm>
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| 257 |
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[43d8a509] | 258 | <para>The core X font protocol finds fonts from the server configuration
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| 259 | file (<filename>xorg.conf</filename> or <filename>XF86Config</filename>).
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[96ffdca] | 260 | If no font paths exist in the configuration file, the server will fall
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[43d8a509] | 261 | back to an internal hard-coded path. Assuming the prefix for your
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| 262 | <application>X</application> installation is
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| 263 | <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6</filename>, the core fonts will
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| 264 | reside in subdirectories of <filename
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| 265 | class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</filename>. For each
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| 266 | directory in the path, the server reads three files:</para>
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| 267 |
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| 268 | <itemizedlist>
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| 269 | <listitem>
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| 270 | <para><filename>fonts.dir</filename> - maps font files to font
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| 271 | names; updated with <command>mkfontdir</command></para>
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| 272 | </listitem>
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| 273 | <listitem>
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| 274 | <para><filename>fonts.alias</filename> - defines aliases (such as
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| 275 | "9x18") for existing fonts</para>
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| 276 | </listitem>
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| 277 | <listitem>
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| 278 | <para><filename>fonts.scale</filename> - lists scalable fonts;
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| 279 | updated with <command>mkfontscale</command></para>
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| 280 | </listitem>
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| 281 | </itemizedlist>
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| 282 |
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| 283 | <para>The core X fonts protocol uses names such as
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| 284 | <systemitem>-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-c-80-iso8859-1</systemitem>.
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| 285 | These fonts are rendered by the <application>X</application> server
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| 286 | without antialiasing. The server itself uses the "cursor" font for
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| 287 | painting the mouse cursor, and the protocol specification requires the
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| 288 | font "fixed" to be available.</para>
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| 289 |
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| 290 | <para>Scalable fonts, such as Type1 and TrueType, are read from
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| 291 | <filename>fonts.scale</filename> files by the server. The core X font
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| 292 | system uses the "freetype" module for non-antialiased rendering of these
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| 293 | fonts. Ensure that the "freetype" module is loaded in the
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| 294 | <filename>XF86config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename>
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| 295 | file by adding it to the "Module" section:</para>
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[84b64f2] | 296 |
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| 297 | <screen><literal>Section "Module"
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| 298 | ...
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| 299 | Load "freetype"
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| 300 | ...
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| 301 | EndSection</literal></screen>
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| 302 |
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[43d8a509] | 303 | <para>The character set used is part of the font name, e.g. "-iso8859-1".
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| 304 | It is important that applications which support a non-English interface
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| 305 | specify the character set correctly so that the proper glyphs are used.
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| 306 | This can be controlled through the <application>X</application>
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| 307 | resources, which will be described later.</para>
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| 308 |
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| 309 | <para>In some cases, applications rely upon the fonts named "fixed" or
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| 310 | something like "9x18". In these cases, it is important that the
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| 311 | <filename>fonts.alias</filename> file specifies the correct character
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| 312 | set. Users of ISO-8859-<replaceable>X</replaceable> encodings where
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| 313 | <replaceable>X</replaceable> != 1 should modify the
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| 314 | <filename>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/fonts.alias</filename> file by
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| 315 | replacing the "iso8859-1" string with the proper encoding name. This is
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| 316 | accomplished by running the following command as the <systemitem
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| 317 | class="username">root</systemitem> user, substituting the proper value
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[c5c2654] | 318 | for <replaceable><X></replaceable>:</para>
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[43d8a509] | 319 |
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[c5c2654] | 320 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sed -i 's,iso8859-1\( \|$\),iso8859-<replaceable><X></replaceable>\1,g' \
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[db292f6] | 321 | /usr/lib/X11/fonts/{75dpi,100dpi,misc}/fonts.alias</userinput></screen>
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[43d8a509] | 322 |
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| 323 | <para>Users of Cyrillic fonts have properly defined aliases in
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| 324 | <filename>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/fonts.alias</filename>. However,
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| 325 | this file will not be used unless the <filename
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| 326 | class="directory">/usr/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic</filename> directory is
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| 327 | first in the font search path. Otherwise, the
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| 328 | <filename>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/fonts.alias</filename> file will be
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| 329 | used.</para>
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| 330 |
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[84b64f2] | 331 | </sect3>
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| 332 |
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[784ddf5] | 333 | <sect3 id="xft-font-protocol" xreflabel="Xft Font Protocol">
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[43d8a509] | 334 | <title>Xft Font Protocol</title>
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[84b64f2] | 335 |
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| 336 | <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
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[43d8a509] | 337 | <primary sortas="g-truetype">TrueType Fonts</primary>
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[84b64f2] | 338 | </indexterm>
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| 339 |
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[43d8a509] | 340 | <para>Xft provides antialiased font rendering through
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| 341 | <application>Freetype</application>, and fonts are controlled from the
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| 342 | client side using <application>Fontconfig</application>. The default
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| 343 | search path is <filename class="directory">/usr/share/fonts</filename>
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| 344 | and <filename class="directory">~/.fonts</filename>.
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| 345 | When installing <application>X</application>, symlinks were created from
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| 346 | the <filename class="directory">OTF</filename> and <filename
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| 347 | class="directory">TTF</filename> <application>X</application> font
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| 348 | directories to <filename
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| 349 | class="directory">/usr/share/fonts/X11-{OTF,TTF}</filename>. This
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| 350 | prevents <application>Fontconfig</application> from using the poorly
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| 351 | rendered Type1 fonts or the non-scalable bitmapped fonts.</para>
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| 352 |
|
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| 353 | <para><application>Fontconfig</application> searches directories in its
|
---|
| 354 | path recursively and maintains a cache of the font characteristics in
|
---|
| 355 | <filename>fonts.cache-1</filename> files in each directory. If the cache
|
---|
| 356 | appears to be out of date, it is ignored, and information is (slowly)
|
---|
| 357 | fetched from the fonts themselves. This cache
|
---|
| 358 | can be regenerated using the <command>fc-cache</command> command at any
|
---|
| 359 | time.</para>
|
---|
| 360 |
|
---|
| 361 | <para><application>Fontconfig</application> uses names such as
|
---|
| 362 | "Monospace 12" to define fonts. Applications generally use generic font
|
---|
| 363 | names such as "Monospace", "Sans" and "Serif".
|
---|
| 364 | <application>Fontconfig</application> resolves these names to a font that
|
---|
| 365 | has all characters that cover the orthography of the language indicated
|
---|
| 366 | by the locale settings. Knowledge of these font names is included in
|
---|
| 367 | <filename>/etc/fonts/fonts.conf</filename>.</para>
|
---|
| 368 |
|
---|
| 369 | <para>Standard scalable fonts that come with <application>X</application>
|
---|
| 370 | provide very poor Unicode coverage. You may notice in applications that
|
---|
| 371 | use <application>Xft</application> that some characters appear as a box
|
---|
| 372 | with four binary digits inside. In this case, a font set with the
|
---|
| 373 | available glyphs has not been found. Other times, applications that
|
---|
| 374 | don't use other font families by default and don't accept substitutions
|
---|
| 375 | from <application>Fontconfig</application> will display blank lines when
|
---|
| 376 | the default font doesn't cover the orthography of the user's language.
|
---|
| 377 | This happens, e.g., with <application>Fluxbox</application> in the
|
---|
| 378 | ru_RU.KOI8-R locale.</para>
|
---|
| 379 |
|
---|
| 380 | <para>In order to provide greater Unicode coverage, it is recommended
|
---|
| 381 | that you install these fonts:</para>
|
---|
| 382 |
|
---|
| 383 | <itemizedlist>
|
---|
| 384 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 385 | <para><ulink url="http://dejavu.sourceforge.net/">DejaVu fonts</ulink>
|
---|
| 386 | - These fonts are replacements for the Bitstream Vera fonts and
|
---|
| 387 | provide Latin-based scripts with accents and Cyrillic glyphs.
|
---|
| 388 | <application>Fontconfig</application> does not know about the DejaVu
|
---|
| 389 | fonts by default, so <filename>/etc/fonts/fonts.conf</filename> will
|
---|
| 390 | have to be edited for it to be recognized by the generic names such
|
---|
| 391 | as "Sans". This will be described below.</para>
|
---|
| 392 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 393 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 394 | <para><ulink
|
---|
| 395 | url="http://download.savannah.nongnu.org/releases/freefont/">FreeFont</ulink>
|
---|
| 396 | - This set of fonts covers nearly every non-CJK character, but is not
|
---|
| 397 | visually pleasing. <application>Fontconfig</application> will use it
|
---|
| 398 | as a last resort to substitute generic font family names.</para>
|
---|
| 399 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 400 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 401 | <para><ulink
|
---|
| 402 | url="http://corefonts.sourceforge.net/">Microsoft Core fonts</ulink>
|
---|
| 403 | - These fonts provide slightly worse Unicode coverage than FreeFont,
|
---|
| 404 | but are better hinted. Be sure to read the license before using
|
---|
| 405 | them. <application>Fontconfig</application> knows about them by
|
---|
| 406 | default.</para>
|
---|
| 407 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 408 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 409 | <para><ulink
|
---|
| 410 | url="http://cle.linux.org.tw/fonts/FireFly">Firefly New Sung font</ulink>
|
---|
| 411 | - This font provides Chinese coverage. However,
|
---|
[db292f6] | 412 | <application>Fontconfig</application> does not know about this font
|
---|
[43d8a509] | 413 | by default.</para>
|
---|
| 414 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 415 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 416 | <para><ulink
|
---|
| 417 | url="http://cle.linux.org.tw/fonts/Arphic">Arphic fonts</ulink> -
|
---|
| 418 | A similar set of Chinese fonts to the Firefly New Sung font.
|
---|
| 419 | <application>Fontconfig</application> knows about these fonts by
|
---|
| 420 | default and will substitute them for generic family names.</para>
|
---|
| 421 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 422 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 423 | <para><ulink
|
---|
| 424 | url="http://sourceforge.jp/projects/efont/">Kochi fonts</ulink> -
|
---|
| 425 | These provide Japanese characters, and
|
---|
| 426 | <application>Fontconfig</application> knows about these fonts by
|
---|
| 427 | default.</para>
|
---|
| 428 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 429 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 430 | <para><ulink
|
---|
| 431 | url="http://kldp.net/projects/baekmuk/">Baekmuk fonts</ulink>
|
---|
| 432 | - These fonts provide Korean coverage, and
|
---|
| 433 | <application>Fontconfig</application> knows about these fonts by
|
---|
| 434 | default.</para>
|
---|
| 435 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 436 | </itemizedlist>
|
---|
| 437 |
|
---|
| 438 | <para>The list above will not provide complete Unicode coverage. For
|
---|
| 439 | more information, please visit the <ulink
|
---|
| 440 | url="http://unifont.org/fontguide/">Unicode Font Guide</ulink>.</para>
|
---|
| 441 |
|
---|
| 442 | <para>As an example, consider the installation of the DejaVu fonts. From
|
---|
| 443 | the unpacked source directory, run the following commands as the
|
---|
| 444 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
|
---|
| 445 |
|
---|
| 446 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -d -m755 /usr/share/fonts/dejavu &&
|
---|
| 447 | install -v -m644 *.ttf /usr/share/fonts/dejavu &&
|
---|
| 448 | fc-cache -v /usr/share/fonts/dejavu</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 449 |
|
---|
| 450 | <para>Earlier it was mentioned that <filename>/etc/fonts/fonts.conf</filename>
|
---|
| 451 | could be modified to use DejaVu using the default family names. Since
|
---|
[96ffdca] | 452 | DejaVu is a replacement for Bitstream Vera fonts, it can be substituted
|
---|
[43d8a509] | 453 | for that family. Visually inspect the <filename>fonts.conf</filename> to
|
---|
| 454 | see how fonts are grouped together under the generic family names and a
|
---|
| 455 | preference list is created. To replace Bitstream Vera with DejaVu, as the
|
---|
| 456 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
|
---|
| 457 |
|
---|
| 458 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sed -i 's/<family>Bitstream Vera/<family>DejaVu/' /etc/fonts/fonts.conf</userinput></screen>
|
---|
[19bf3801] | 459 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 460 | <!--
|
---|
[646d9189] | 461 | <screen><userinput><command>sed -i -e '/^<\/fontconfig>/i\
|
---|
| 462 | <dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF</dir>\
|
---|
| 463 | <dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1</dir>' /etc/fonts/local.conf</command></userinput></screen>
|
---|
[19bf3801] | 464 | -->
|
---|
[1663c2b5] | 465 |
|
---|
| 466 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
|
---|
| 467 | <ulink url='&blfs-wiki;/XWindowSystemComponents'/></para>
|
---|
| 468 |
|
---|
| 469 | </sect3>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 470 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 471 | </sect2>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 472 |
|
---|
| 473 | <!-- ================================================== -->
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 474 |
|
---|
| 475 | <sect2>
|
---|
| 476 | <title>Setting up Keyboards</title>
|
---|
| 477 |
|
---|
| 478 | <para>In this version of <application>X</application>, non-Latin
|
---|
| 479 | keyboard layouts do not include Latin configurations as was previous
|
---|
| 480 | practice. To set up a keyboard for Latin and non-Latin input, change
|
---|
| 481 | the XkbLayout keyboard driver option in the InputDevice section
|
---|
| 482 | of the <filename>XF86Config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename>
|
---|
| 483 | file. For example:</para>
|
---|
| 484 |
|
---|
| 485 | <screen><literal>Section "InputDevice"
|
---|
| 486 | Identifier "Keyboard0"
|
---|
| 487 | Driver "Keyboard"
|
---|
| 488 | Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
|
---|
| 489 | Option "XkbLayout" "en_US,ru"
|
---|
| 490 | Option "XkbOptions" "grp:switch,grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll"
|
---|
| 491 | EndSection</literal></screen>
|
---|
| 492 |
|
---|
| 493 | <para>In this example, you can use the <keycap>Alt+Shift</keycap>
|
---|
| 494 | combination to switch between keyboard layouts and use the Scroll Lock
|
---|
| 495 | LED to indicate when the second layout is active.</para>
|
---|
| 496 |
|
---|
| 497 | </sect2>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 498 |
|
---|
| 499 | <!-- ================================================== -->
|
---|
| 500 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 501 | <sect2 id='xdm'>
|
---|
| 502 | <title>Setting up XDM</title>
|
---|
| 503 |
|
---|
| 504 | <para><command>xdm</command> provides a graphical logon capability and
|
---|
| 505 | is normally set up in <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>. Most of the
|
---|
| 506 | information you need to customize <command>xdm</command> is found in
|
---|
| 507 | its man page. To execute <command>xdm</command> during bootup, change
|
---|
| 508 | the initdefault level to 5 and add the following lines to
|
---|
| 509 | <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>:</para>
|
---|
[0bfe309a] | 510 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 511 | <indexterm zone="x-setup xdm">
|
---|
| 512 | <primary sortas="b-xdm">xdm</primary>
|
---|
| 513 | </indexterm>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 514 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 515 | <screen><literal># Run xdm as a separate service
|
---|
| 516 | x:5:respawn:/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon</literal></screen>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 517 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 518 | <para>If <application>Linux-PAM</application> is installed on your
|
---|
| 519 | system, you should create a PAM entry for <command>xdm</command> by
|
---|
| 520 | duplicating the <command>login</command> entry using the following
|
---|
| 521 | command:</para>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 522 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 523 | <indexterm zone="x-setup xdm">
|
---|
| 524 | <primary sortas="e-etc-pam.d/xdm">/etc/pam.d/xdm</primary>
|
---|
| 525 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 526 |
|
---|
[96ffdca] | 527 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cp -v /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/xdm</userinput></screen>
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 528 |
|
---|
| 529 | </sect2>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 530 |
|
---|
| 531 | <!-- ================================================== -->
|
---|
| 532 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 533 | <sect2 id='x-resources'>
|
---|
| 534 | <title>Using X Resources</title>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 535 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 536 | <para>There are many options that can be set in
|
---|
| 537 | <application>X</application> and <application>X</application>
|
---|
| 538 | clients via resources. Typically resources are set in the
|
---|
| 539 | <filename>~/.Xresources</filename> file.</para>
|
---|
[0bfe309a] | 540 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 541 | <para>The layout of the <filename>~/.Xresources</filename> file
|
---|
| 542 | consists of a list of specifications in the form of</para>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 543 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 544 | <indexterm zone="x-setup x-resources">
|
---|
| 545 | <primary sortas="e-AA.xresources">~/.Xresources</primary>
|
---|
| 546 | </indexterm>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 547 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 548 | <screen><literal>object.subobject[.subobject...].attribute: value</literal></screen>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 549 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 550 | <para>Components of a resource specification are linked together by
|
---|
| 551 | either <emphasis>tight</emphasis>, represented by a dot (.), or
|
---|
| 552 | <emphasis>loose</emphasis>, represented by an asterisk (*), bindings.
|
---|
| 553 | A tight binding indicates that the components on either side of the
|
---|
| 554 | dot must be directly next to each other as defined in a specific
|
---|
| 555 | implementation. An asterisk is a wildcard character that means that
|
---|
| 556 | any number of levels in a defined hierarchy can be between the components.
|
---|
| 557 | For example, X offers two special cursors: redglass and whiteglass. To
|
---|
| 558 | use one of these resources, you need to add the following line:</para>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 559 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 560 | <screen><literal>Xcursor.theme: whiteglass</literal></screen>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 561 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 562 | <para>However, you can specify the background for all clients with:</para>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 563 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 564 | <screen><literal>*background: blue</literal></screen>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 565 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 566 | <para>More specific resource variables will override less specific
|
---|
| 567 | names.</para>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 568 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 569 | <para>Resource definitions can be found in the man pages for each
|
---|
| 570 | respective client.</para>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 571 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 572 | <para>In order to load your resources, the <command>xrdb</command>
|
---|
| 573 | program must be called with the appropriate parameters. Typically,
|
---|
| 574 | the first time resources are loaded, you use:</para>
|
---|
[310960e4] | 575 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 576 | <screen><userinput>xrdb -load <filename></userinput></screen>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 577 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 578 | <para>To add resources to <application>X</application>'s database
|
---|
| 579 | in memory, use:</para>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 580 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 581 | <screen><userinput>xrdb -merge <filename></userinput></screen>
|
---|
[0bfe309a] | 582 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 583 | <para>The <command>xrdb</command> instruction is usually placed in
|
---|
| 584 | <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> or <filename>~/.xsession</filename>.
|
---|
| 585 | To get more information, see the <command>xrdb</command> man page.</para>
|
---|
[310960e4] | 586 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 587 | <indexterm zone="x-setup x-resources">
|
---|
| 588 | <primary sortas="b-xrdb">xrdb</primary>
|
---|
| 589 | </indexterm>
|
---|
[feeb99a] | 590 |
|
---|
[84b64f2] | 591 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 592 |
|
---|
| 593 | </sect1>
|
---|