source: x/installing/xfree86.xml@ 41605391

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;

  <!ENTITY xfree86-download-http "http://gnu.kookel.org/ftp/XFree86/4.4.0/source/">
  <!ENTITY xfree86-download-ftp  "ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/4.4.0/source/">
  <!ENTITY xfree86-size          "52 MB">
  <!ENTITY xfree86-buildsize     "775 MB">
  <!ENTITY xfree86-time          "11.6 SBU">
]>

<sect1 id="xfree86" xreflabel="XFree86-&xfree86-version;">
<sect1info>
<othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
<date>$Date$</date>
</sect1info>
<?dbhtml filename="xfree86.html" ?>
<title>XFree86-&xfree86-version;</title>

<sect2>
<title>Introduction to <application>XFree86</application></title>

<para><application>XFree86</application> is a freely redistributable
open-source implementation of the <application>X</application> Window System.
<application>XFree86</application> provides a client/server interface between
display hardware (the mouse, keyboard, and video displays) and the desktop
environment, while also providing both the windowing infrastructure and a
standardized application interface (<acronym>API</acronym>).</para>

<sect3><title>Package information</title>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
<listitem><para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&xfree86-download-http;"/></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&xfree86-download-ftp;"/></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Download size: &xfree86-size;</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Estimated Disk space required: &xfree86-buildsize;</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Estimated build time: &xfree86-time;</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</sect3>

<sect3><title><application>XFree86</application> dependencies</title>

<sect4><title>Required</title>
<para><xref linkend="libpng"/></para>
</sect4>

<sect4><title>Optional</title>
<para><xref linkend="Linux_PAM"/>; the 
following packages are included in the <application>XFree86</application> 
package, however they are updated more often than the 
<application>XFree86</application> package and are highly recommended:
<xref linkend="expat"/>, <xref linkend="freetype2"/>, 
<xref linkend="fontconfig"/>.</para>

<note><para>If you choose not to install <application>expat</application>, 
<application>freetype2</application>, and <application>fontconfig</application>, 
the <filename>host.def</filename> file below will have to be modified to
instruct <application>XFree86</application> to build them.</para></note>
</sect4>

</sect3>

<sect3><title>Download Instructions</title>

<para>There are several files that need to be fetched from the download 
location:</para>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'> 
<listitem><para><filename>XFree86-4.4.0-src-1.tgz</filename></para></listitem> 
<listitem><para><filename>XFree86-4.4.0-src-2.tgz</filename></para></listitem> 
<listitem><para><filename>XFree86-4.4.0-src-3.tgz</filename></para></listitem> 
<listitem><para><filename>XFree86-4.4.0-src-4.tgz</filename></para></listitem> 
<listitem><para><filename>XFree86-4.4.0-src-5.tgz</filename></para></listitem> 
<listitem><para><filename>XFree86-4.4.0-src-6.tgz</filename></para></listitem> 
<listitem><para><filename>XFree86-4.4.0-src-7.tgz</filename></para></listitem> 
</itemizedlist> 

<para>The first three packages are the <application>XFree86</application> 
programs, the fourth and fifth are fonts, the sixth is normal documentation, 
and the seventh is hardcopy documentation. There are also two packages 
<filename>doctools-1.3.1.tgz</filename>, which contain programs to regenerate 
hardcopy documentation, and <filename>utils-1.1.0.tgz</filename>, which contain
<application><acronym>GNU</acronym> <acronym>TAR</acronym></application>
and <application>zlib</application> which are already installed on an
<acronym>LFS</acronym> system.</para>

<para>To check your downloads for integrity, download the 
<filename>SUMS.md5sum</filename> file. Then:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>md5sum -c SUMS.md5sum</command></userinput></screen>

<para>The only errors you should see are for <filename>README</filename>, 
<filename>doctools-1.3.1.tgz</filename>, and
<filename>utils-1.1.0.tgz</filename> files if you did not download them.</para>

<!--
<para>The fixes subdirectory also has a <filename>SUMS.md5sum</filename>.  Note that
this is the same filename as the sums for the main sources, so you need to rename the
file if you download it.  Otherwise, you can just look at it and use it to 
check against the patch files:</para>
<screen><userinput><command>md5sum 4.3.0-4.3.0.1.diff.gz</command></userinput>
<userinput><command>md5sum fontfile.diff</command></userinput></screen>

<para>After unpacking the <filename>X430src-?.tgz</filename> files and uncompressing the 
diff file, change to the <filename class="directory">xc</filename> directory and run:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>patch -Np1 -i ../4.3.0-4.3.0.1.diff</command></userinput>
<userinput><command>pushd  lib/font/fontfile/</command></userinput>
<userinput><command>patch -N -i ../../../../fontfile.diff</command></userinput>
<userinput><command>popd</command></userinput></screen>
-->

</sect3>
</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Installation of <application>XFree86</application></title>

<sect3> 
<title>Kernel Compilation Settings</title> 

<para>If you have an Intel P6 (Pentium Pro, Pentium II and later), it is
recommended that you compile <acronym>MTRR</acronym> (Memory Type Range
Registers) support into the kernel.  The kernel can map Cyrix and AMD
<acronym>CPU</acronym>s to the <acronym>MTRR</acronym> interface, so selecting
this option is useful for those processors also.  This option is found in the
"Processor type and features" menu.  It can increase performance of image write
operations 2.5 times or more on <acronym>PCI</acronym> or
<acronym>AGP</acronym> video cards.</para>

<para>In the "Character Devices" section, enable <acronym>AGP</acronym> Support 
and select the chipset support on your motherboard.  If you do not know the 
chipset, you may select all the chip types at the expense of extra kernel size. 
You can usually determine your motherboard's chipset by running the command 
<command>lspci</command>, a program from the <xref linkend="pciutils"/> package.
</para>

<para>In the "Character Devices" section, <emphasis>disable</emphasis> Direct 
Rendering Manager unless you have a Direct Rendering Infrastructure
(<acronym>DRI</acronym>) supported video card.  A complete list of 
<acronym>DRI</acronym> supported video cards can be found at 
<ulink url="http://dri.sourceforge.net" /> in the Status section. Currently, 
supported cards include those from 3dfx (Voodoo, Banshee), 3Dlabs, 
ATI (Rage Pro, Rage 128, Radeon 7X00, Radeon 2), Intel (i810, i815), and 
Matrox (G200, G400, G450).</para>

<para>Additionally NVidia provides their own closed source binary drivers,
which do not make use of <acronym>DRI</acronym>. If you intend to use these 
drivers, do not enable <acronym>DRI</acronym>.</para>

<para>If you made any changes to the kernel configuration, recompile and
install the new kernel.</para>

<note><para>If you build <application>XFree86</application> in a 
<command>chroot</command> environment, make sure the kernel version of the base 
system and the target system are the same.</para>
</note>

</sect3>

<sect3><title>Creating <filename>host.def</filename></title>

<para>Although <application>XFree86</application> will compile without a
<filename>host.def</filename> file, the following file is recommended for 
customizing the installation. Start from the 
<filename class="directory">xc</filename> directory.</para>

<note><para>The <filename>host.def</filename> file is a
<application>C</application> file, not the usual configuration file.  If you 
make any changes, be sure the comment characters (<userinput>/*</userinput> 
and <userinput>*/</userinput>) are balanced.  Most of the entries in the file 
below are commented out with the default settings shown.</para></note>

<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt; config/cf/host.def &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
/* Begin XFree86 host.def file */

/* System Related Information.  If you read and configure only one
 * section then it should be this one.  The Intel architecture defaults are 
 * set for a i686 and higher.  Axp is for the Alpha architecture and Ppc is  
 * for the Power PC.  Note that there have been reports that the Ppc 
 * optimization line causes segmentation faults during build.  If that 
 * happens, try building without the DefaultGcc2PpcOpt line.  **************/

/* #define DefaultGcc2i386Opt  -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -march=i686 */
/* #define DefaultGcc2AxpOpt   -O2 -mcpu=ev6 */
/* #define DefaultGcc2PpcOpt   -O2 -mcpu=750 */

/* The following definitions are normally set properly by XFree86's scripts.
 * You can uncomment them if you want to make sure. ************************/
 
/* #define HasMTRRSupport      YES  */ /* Enabled in kernel see kernel docs*/
/* #define HasMMXSupport        NO  */ /* Any i586 or above */
/* #define HasKatmaiSupport     NO  */ /* PIII SSE instructions */
/* #define Has3DNowSupport      NO  */ /* AMD instructions */


/* This setting reduces compile time a little by omitting rarely used input 
 * devices.  You can find the complete list in config/cf/xfree86.cf ********/
 
#define XInputDrivers                 mouse void

/* VIDEO DRIVERS ***********************************************************/

/* If you are sure you only want the drivers for one or a few video cards,
 * you can delete the drivers you do not want. *****************************/ 


#define XF86CardDrivers  mga glint nv tga s3 s3virge sis rendition \
                         neomagic i740 tdfx savage \
                         cirrus vmware tseng trident chips apm \
                         GlideDriver fbdev i128 nsc \
                         ati i810 AgpGartDrivers DevelDrivers ark \
                         cyrix siliconmotion \
                         vesa vga \
                         dummy XF86OSCardDrivers XF86ExtraCardDrivers


/* USER AND SYSTEM DEFAULT PATHS *******************************************/

/* These settings set the PATH variables used by xdm. See README for *******/
/* detailed description and modify the following as per your need. *********/

/* #define DefaultSystemPath /usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/X11R6/bin */
/* #define DefaultUserPath /usr/bin:/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin */

/* FONT SERVER AND LIBRARY SETTINGS ****************************************/

/* These settings are the defaults   ***************************************/

/* #define BuildFontServer          YES  */ /* For Ghostscript Print Server*/
/* #define SharedLibFont            YES  */
/* #define CompressAllFonts         YES  */
/* #define GzipFontCompression      YES  */

/* These settings ensure we use our libraries ******************************/
#define HasFreetype2             YES
#define HasFontconfig            YES
#define HasExpat                 YES
#define HasLibpng                YES
#define HasZlib                  YES

/* The font path can be redefined in the XF86Config file *******************/

/*
#define DefaultFontPath                $(FONTDIR)/misc/,$(FONTDIR)/75dpi/,\
$(FONTDIR)/100dpi/,$(FONTDIR)/Type1,$(FONTDIR)/local,\
$(FONTDIR)/TrueType,$(FONTDIR)/CID,$(FONTDIR)/Speedo
*/


/* INTERNATIONAL FONTS.  Change to YES if you need any of them.  These  are
 * the defaults. ***********************************************************/

/* #define BuildCyrillicFonts            NO  */
/* #define BuildArabicFonts              NO  */
/* #define BuildISO8859_6Fonts           NO  */
/* #define BuildGreekFonts               NO  */
/* #define BuildISO8859_7Fonts           NO  */
/* #define BuildHebrewFonts              NO  */
/* #define BuildISO8859_8Fonts           NO  */
/* #define BuildKOI8_RFonts              NO  */
/* #define BuildJapaneseFonts            NO  */
/* #define BuildJISX0201Fonts            NO  */
/* #define BuildKoreanFonts              NO  */
/* #define BuildChineseFonts             NO  */

/* DOCUMENTATION SETTINGS **************************************************/

/* These setting are the defaults. *****************************************/

/* #define BuildLinuxDocHtml             NO  */  /* X Docs in Html format */
/* #define BuildLinuxDocPS               NO  */  /* PostScript format */
/* #define BuildAllSpecsDocs             NO  */  /* Various docs */
/* #define BuildHtmlManPages             NO  */

/* GENERAL SETTINGS: You generally want to leave these alone when
 * building X on an LFS system *********************************************/

#define GccWarningOptions         -pipe /* Speed up compiles */
#define TermcapLibrary            -lncurses
#define XprtServer                YES /* Needed by realplayer */
#define XnestServer               YES
#define XAppLoadDir               EtcX11Directory/app-defaults
#define VarLibDir                 /var/lib
#define XFree86Devel               NO
#define FSUseSyslog               YES
#define ThreadedX                 YES
#define HasPam                     NO        
#define SystemManDirectory        /usr/share/man  /* Instead of /usr/man */
#define HasLibCrypt               YES
#define InstallXinitConfig        YES
#define InstallXdmConfig          YES
#define ForceNormalLib            YES
#define BuildSpecsDocs             NO

/* End XFree86 host.def file */
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Edit the file for your hardware and desires.</para>

</sect3>

<sect3>
<title>Build Commands</title>
<para>Install <application>XFree86</application> by running the following 
commands:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>sed -i -e "s@#include &lt;linux/config.h&gt;@/* &amp; */@" \
    `grep -lr linux/config.h *` &amp;&amp;
( make WORLDOPTS="" World 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee xfree-compile.log &amp;&amp; exit $PIPESTATUS ) &amp;&amp;
make install &amp;&amp;
make install.man &amp;&amp;
ln -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11 &amp;&amp;
ln -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11 &amp;&amp;
ln -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</command></userinput></screen>

</sect3>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Command explanations</title>

<para><command>sed -i -e "s@#include &lt;linux/config.h&gt;@...</command>: The 
<application>Linux-Libc-Headers</application> package installed in 
<acronym>LFS</acronym> installs a 
<filename>/usr/include/linux/config.h</filename> file which is not compatible 
with userspace applications. The recommended fix for applications including 
this file is to remove it (see <ulink 
url="http://ep09.pld-linux.org/~mmazur/linux-libc-headers/doc/FAQ">
linux-libc-headers FAQ</ulink>). The <command>sed</command> uses 
<command>grep -lr</command> to replace all occurences. If you desire, just
remove (comment) the line in the appropriate video driver file if you 
customized <filename>host.def</filename>.
</para>

<para><command>( make WORLDOPTS="" World 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee xfree-compile.log 
   &amp;&amp; exit $PIPESTATUS )</command>: 
This command runs multiple <filename>Makefile</filename>s to completely rebuild 
the system. <envar>WORLDOPTS</envar>="" disables the default setting to 
continue after encountering an error. <parameter>2&gt;&amp;1</parameter> 
redirects error messages to the same location as standard output. The 
<command>tee</command> command allows viewing of the output while logging the 
results to a file. The parentheses around the command runs the entire comand in 
a subshell and finally the <command>exit $PIPESTATUS</command> ensures the 
result of the <command>make</command> is returned as the result and not the 
result of the <command>tee</command> command.</para>

<note><para>When rebuilding <application>XFree86</application>, a separate 
command that may be used if only minor changes are made to the sources is 
<command>make Everything</command>. This does not automatically remove 
generated files and only rebuilds those files or programs that are out 
of date.</para></note>

<para><screen><command>ln -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11
ln -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11
ln -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</command></screen>
These commands are present to enable other (broken) packages to build
against <application>XFree86</application>, even though the Filesystem 
Hierarchy Standard says: "In general, software must not be installed or 
managed via the above symbolic links. They are intended for utilization by 
users only."</para>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Configuring <application>XFree86</application></title>

<para>Edit <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> and add 
<filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib</filename>.
Run: </para>
<screen><userinput><command>ldconfig</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Ensure <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/bin</filename> 
and <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib/pkgconfig</filename>
are added to your <envar>PATH</envar> and <envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar>
environment variables, respectively. Instructions for doing this are 
described in the section "<xref linkend='postlfs-config-profile'/>."</para>

<para>Create the <filename>XF86Config</filename> file with:
<screen><userinput><command>cd ~
XFree86 -configure</command></userinput></screen>
The screen will go black and you may hear some clicking of the monitor.  This
command will create a file, <filename>XF86Config.new</filename> in your home
directory.</para>

<para>Edit <filename>XF86Config.new</filename> to suit your system.  The 
details of the file are located in the man page 
<command>man XF86Config</command>.  Some things you may want to do are:</para>

<itemizedlist>

<listitem><para>Section "Files". Change the order of the font paths searched. 
You may want to put 100dpi fonts ahead of 75dpi fonts if your system normally 
comes up closer to 100 dots per inch.  You may want to remove some font 
directories completely.</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>Section "Module". If you are going to install NVidia
drivers remove the "dri" line.</para></listitem>
 
<listitem><para>Sections "InputDevice". Specify the
<parameter>Device</parameter> parameter to "/dev/input/mice" and
<parameter>Protocol</parameter> to "auto" to set up your mouse. You may
also want to change the keyboard autorepeat rate by adding
<parameter>Option "Autorepeat" "250 30"</parameter>.</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>Section "Monitor".  Specify the 
<parameter>VertRefresh</parameter> and <parameter>HorizSync</parameter> values 
if the system does not automatically detect the monitor and its values.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>Section "Device".  You may want to set some of the options 
available for your selected video driver.  A description of the driver
parameters is in the man page for your driver.</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>Section "Screen".  Add a DefaultDepth statement such 
as: <parameter>DefaultDepth 16</parameter>. In the SubSection for your 
default depth, add a modes line such as: 
<parameter> Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768"</parameter>. The first mode listed 
will normally be the starting resolution.</para></listitem>

</itemizedlist>

<para>Test the system with:
<screen><userinput><command>XFree86 -xf86config ~/XF86Config.new</command></userinput></screen>
You will only get a gray background with an X-shaped mouse cursor, but it 
confirms the system is working.  Exit with Control-Alt-Backspace.  If the 
system does not work, examine <filename>/var/log/XFree86.0.log</filename> to 
see what went wrong.</para>

<para>Move the configuration file to its final location:</para>
<screen><userinput><command>mv ~/XF86Config.new /etc/X11/XF86Config</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Create <filename>.xinitrc</filename>:
<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt; ~/.xinitrc &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
# Begin .xinitrc file
xterm  -g 80x40+0+0   &amp;
xclock -g 100x100-0+0 &amp;
twm
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
This provides an initial screen with an xterm and a clock that is managed by a 
simple window manager, Tab Window Manager. For details of 
<command>twm</command>, see the man page.</para>

<note>

<para>When needed, <application>XFree86</application> creates the directory
<filename>/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> if it does not exist. If this directory is
not owned by root, <application>XFree86</application> delays startup by a few 
seconds and also appends a warning to the logfile. This also affects startup of 
other applications. To improve performance, it is advisable to manually create 
the directory before <application>XFree86</application> uses it. Add the file 
creation to <filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename> that is sourced by 
the <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs</filename> startup script.</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/sysconfig/createfiles &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
/tmp/.ICE-unix dir 1777 root root
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

</note>

<para>Start <application>X</application> with: 
<screen><userinput><command>startx</command></userinput></screen>
to get a basic functional <application>X</application> Window System.</para>

<para>At this point, you should check out <xref linkend='x-setup'/>.</para>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Contents</title>

<para>The <application>XFree86</application> package contains the
<application>X</application> Window System for Linux (and other operating 
systems).  It includes the <application>X</application> server, fonts, 
<command>xterm</command>, a simple window manager (<command>twm</command>), 
various utilities, video output drivers, and various input drivers including 
the mouse and keyboard.</para>

<para><application>XFree86</application> also contains libraries and header 
files for development of the <application>X</application> Window System 
programs.</para>

</sect2>

<sect2><title>Description</title>

<note><para>The following list of programs is not comprehensive. The
full list is in <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/bin</filename>.  For 
additional information about these programs, see the respective man 
page.</para></note>

<sect3>
<title>XFree86</title>
<para><application>XFree86</application> is the X11R6 implementation of
the <application>X</application> Window System server.
</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>xf86config</title>
<para><command>xf86config</command> is an interactive program for
generating an <filename>XF86Config</filename> file for use with 
<application>XFree86</application> <application>X</application> 
servers.</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>xf86cfg</title>
<para><command>xf86cfg</command> is a tool to configure
<application>XFree86</application> that can be used to either write the 
initial configuration file or make customizations to the current 
configuration.</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>startx</title>
<para><command>startx</command> is a script to initialize the
<application>X</application> session. It runs <command>xinit</command>.</para>
</sect3>

<sect3><title>xinit</title>
<para><command>xinit</command> is used to start the
<application>X</application> Window System server.</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>twm</title>
<para><command>twm</command> (Tab Window Manager) is a window manager included 
with the <application>X</application> Window System.</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>xterm</title>
<para><command>xterm</command> is a terminal emulator for
<application>X</application>.</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>xwininfo</title>
<para><command>xwininfo</command> is a window information utility for
<application>X</application>.</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>x11perf</title>
<para><command>x11perf</command> is an <application>X</application>11 server 
performance test program.</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>xlsfonts</title>
<para><command>xlsfonts</command> is a program to list fonts available
to the <application>X</application> server.</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>xvidtune</title>
<para><command>xvidtune</command> is a video mode tuner for
<application>XFree86</application>.</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>xload</title>
<para><command>xload</command> is a system load average display for
<application>X</application>.</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>xcalc</title>
<para><command>xcalc</command> is a scientific calculator for
<application>X</application>.</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>xclock and oclock</title>
<para>Clock programs for <application>X</application>.</para></sect3>

<sect3><title>xmodmap</title>
<para><command>xmodmap</command> is a utility for modifying keymaps and pointer 
button mappings in <application>X</application>.</para></sect3>

</sect2>

</sect1>