1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="xorg-config">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="xorg-config.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <sect1info>
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12 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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13 | <date>$Date$</date>
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14 | </sect1info>
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15 |
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16 | <title>Xorg-&xorg7-release; Testing and Configuration</title>
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17 |
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18 | <sect2 id='X11-testing' xreflabel="Testing Xorg">
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19 | <title>Testing Xorg</title>
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20 |
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21 | <para>To test the <application>Xorg</application> installation, issue
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22 | <userinput>startx</userinput>. This command brings up a rudimentary window
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23 | manager called <emphasis>twm</emphasis> with three xterm windows and one
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24 | xclock window. The xterm window in the upper left is a login terminal and
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25 | running <emphasis>exit</emphasis> from this terminal will exit the
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26 | <application>X Window</application> session. The third xterm window may be
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27 | obscured on your system by the other two xterms.</para>
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28 |
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29 | <para>Generally, there is no specific configuration required for
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30 | <application>Xorg</application>, but customization is possible. For details
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31 | see <xref linkend='xconfig'/> below.</para>
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32 |
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33 | </sect2>
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34 |
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35 | <sect2 role="configuration" id='X11R6-compat-symlink'
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36 | xreflabel="Creating an X11R6 Compatibility Symlink">
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37 |
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38 | <title>Creating an X11R6 Compatibility Symlink</title>
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39 |
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40 | <para>Until recently (relatively speaking) almost every
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41 | <application>X Window</application> installation you performed or came
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42 | across was installed in the
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43 | <filename class='directory'>/usr/X11R6</filename> directory. That was the
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44 | standard for years. Developers picked up on this and wrote their package
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45 | installation scripts looking for <application>X</application> in the
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46 | standard location. Things have changed and the trend is to now install
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47 | <application>X</application> in
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48 | <filename class='directory'>/usr</filename>. Some people want to install
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49 | it in a custom location.</para>
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50 |
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51 | <para>Many package developers have not caught up to the change and their
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52 | packages are still trying to find <application>X</application> in
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53 | <filename class='directory'>/usr/X11R6</filename> and subsequently fail
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54 | when you try to build the package. Though for most packages it is not
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55 | difficult to 'hack' the installation script to fix the problem, that is not
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56 | the long term solution to the problem. Upstream developers need to modernize
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57 | their installation scripts and eliminate the problem altogether.</para>
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58 |
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59 | <para>Until then, you can create a symbolic link to satisfy the
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60 | <filename class='directory'>/usr/X11R6</filename> requirement so that you
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61 | won't be inconvenienced with a package build failure due to this known
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62 | issue. If you wish to create the symlink, issue the following command as
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63 | the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user (ensure you modify
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64 | <replaceable><$XORG_PREFIX></replaceable> appropriately):</para>
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65 |
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66 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -vsf <replaceable><$XORG_PREFIX></replaceable> /usr/X11R6</userinput></screen>
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67 |
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68 | </sect2>
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69 |
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70 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="xft-font-protocol" xreflabel="Xft Font Protocol">
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71 | <title>Xft Font Protocol</title>
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72 |
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73 | <indexterm role="configuration" id=" fonts">
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74 | <primary sortas="g-truetype">TrueType Fonts</primary>
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75 | </indexterm>
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76 |
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77 | <para>Xft provides antialiased font rendering through
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78 | <application>Freetype</application>, and fonts are controlled from the
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79 | client side using <application>Fontconfig</application>. The default
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80 | search path is <filename class="directory">/usr/share/fonts</filename>
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81 | and <filename class="directory">~/.fonts</filename>.
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82 | <application>Fontconfig</application> searches directories in its
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83 | path recursively and maintains a cache of the font characteristics in
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84 | <filename>fonts.cache-1</filename> files in each directory. If the cache
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85 | appears to be out of date, it is ignored, and information is (slowly)
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86 | fetched from the fonts themselves. This cache
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87 | can be regenerated using the <command>fc-cache</command> command at any
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88 | time. You can see the list of fonts known by
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89 | <application>Fontconfig</application> by running the command
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90 | <command>fc-list</command>.</para>
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91 |
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92 | <para>If you've installed <application>Xorg</application> in any prefix
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93 | other than <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>, the
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94 | <application>X</application> fonts were not installed in a
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95 | location known to <application>Fontconfig</application>. This prevents
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96 | <application>Fontconfig</application> from using the poorly rendered
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97 | Type 1 fonts or the non-scalable bitmapped fonts. Symlinks were created
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98 | from the <filename class="directory">OTF</filename> and <filename
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99 | class="directory">TTF</filename> <application>X</application> font
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100 | directories to <filename
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101 | class="directory">/usr/share/fonts/X11-{OTF,TTF}</filename>. This allows
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102 | <application>Fontconfig</application> to use the OpenType and TrueType
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103 | fonts provided by <application>X</application> (which are scalable and
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104 | of higher quality).</para>
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105 |
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106 | <para><application>Fontconfig</application> uses names such as
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107 | "Monospace 12" to define fonts. Applications generally use generic font
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108 | names such as "Monospace", "Sans" and "Serif".
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109 | <application>Fontconfig</application> resolves these names to a font that
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110 | has all characters that cover the orthography of the language indicated
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111 | by the locale settings. Knowledge of these font names is included in
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112 | <filename>/etc/fonts/fonts.conf</filename>. Fonts that are not listed
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113 | in this file are still usable by <application>Fontconfig</application>,
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114 | but they will not be accessible by the generic family names.</para>
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115 |
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116 | <para>Standard scalable fonts that come with <application>X</application>
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117 | provide very poor Unicode coverage. You may notice in applications that
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118 | use <application>Xft</application> that some characters appear as a box
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119 | with four binary digits inside. In this case, a font set with the
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120 | available glyphs has not been found. Other times, applications that
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121 | don't use other font families by default and don't accept substitutions
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122 | from <application>Fontconfig</application> will display blank lines when
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123 | the default font doesn't cover the orthography of the user's language.
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124 | This happens, e.g., with <application>Fluxbox</application> in the
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125 | ru_RU.KOI8-R locale.</para>
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126 |
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127 | <para>In order to provide greater Unicode coverage, it is recommended
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128 | that you install these fonts:</para>
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129 |
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130 | <itemizedlist>
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131 | <listitem>
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132 | <para><ulink url="http://dejavu.sourceforge.net/">DejaVu fonts</ulink>
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133 | - These fonts are replacements for the Bitstream Vera fonts and
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134 | provide Latin-based scripts with accents and Cyrillic glyphs.</para>
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135 | </listitem>
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136 | <listitem>
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137 | <para><ulink
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138 | url="http://download.savannah.nongnu.org/releases/freefont/">FreeFont</ulink>
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139 | - This set of fonts covers nearly every non-CJK character, but is not
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140 | visually pleasing. <application>Fontconfig</application> will use it
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141 | as a last resort to substitute generic font family names.</para>
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142 | </listitem>
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143 | <listitem>
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144 | <para><ulink
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145 | url="http://corefonts.sourceforge.net/">Microsoft Core fonts</ulink>
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146 | - These fonts provide slightly worse Unicode coverage than FreeFont,
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147 | but are better hinted. Be sure to read the license before using
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148 | them. These fonts are listed in the aliases in the
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149 | <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/fonts.d</filename> directory
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150 | by default.</para>
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151 | </listitem>
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152 | <listitem>
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153 | <para><ulink
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154 | url="http://cle.linux.org.tw/fonts/FireFly">Firefly New Sung font</ulink>
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155 | - This font provides Chinese coverage. This font is listed in the
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156 | aliases in the
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157 | the <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/fonts.d</filename>
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158 | directory by default.</para>
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159 | </listitem>
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160 | <listitem>
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161 | <para><ulink
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162 | url="http://cle.linux.org.tw/fonts/Arphic">Arphic fonts</ulink> -
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163 | A similar set of Chinese fonts to the Firefly New Sung font.
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164 | These fonts are listed in the aliases in the
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165 | <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/fonts.d</filename> directory
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166 | by default.</para>
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167 | </listitem>
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168 | <listitem>
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169 | <para><ulink
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170 | url="http://sourceforge.jp/projects/efont/">Kochi fonts</ulink> -
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171 | These provide Japanese characters, and are listed in the aliases
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172 | in the <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/fonts.d</filename>
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173 | directory by default.</para>
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174 | </listitem>
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175 | <listitem>
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176 | <para><ulink
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177 | url="http://kldp.net/projects/baekmuk/">Baekmuk fonts</ulink>
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178 | - These fonts provide Korean coverage, and are listed in the
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179 | aliases in the
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180 | <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/fonts.d</filename> directory
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181 | by default.</para>
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182 | </listitem>
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183 | <listitem>
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184 | <para><ulink
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185 | url="&gnome-download-http;/cantarell-fonts/0.0/">Cantarell fonts</ulink>
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186 | - The Cantarell typeface family provides a contemporary Humanist sans
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187 | serif. It is particularly optimised for legibility at small sizes and is
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188 | the preferred font family for the <application>GNOME-3</application> user
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189 | interface.</para>
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190 | </listitem>
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191 | </itemizedlist>
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192 |
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193 | <para>The list above will not provide complete Unicode coverage. For
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194 | more information, please visit the <ulink
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195 | url="http://unifont.org/fontguide/">Unicode Font Guide</ulink>.</para>
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196 |
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197 | <para>As an example, consider the installation of the DejaVu fonts. From
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198 | the unpacked source directory, run the following commands as the
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199 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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200 |
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201 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -d -m755 /usr/share/fonts/dejavu &&
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202 | install -v -m644 *.ttf /usr/share/fonts/dejavu &&
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203 | fc-cache -v /usr/share/fonts/dejavu</userinput></screen>
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204 |
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205 | </sect2>
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206 |
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207 | <sect2 role="configuration" id='xconfig'>
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208 | <title>Setting up Xorg Devices</title>
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209 | <para>For most hardware configurations, modern Xorg will automatically
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210 | get the server configuration correct without any user intervention. There
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211 | are, however, some cases where auto-configuration will be incorrect.
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212 | Following are some example manual configuration items that may be of use in
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213 | these instances.</para>
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214 |
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215 | <sect3 id="xinput">
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216 | <title>Setting up X Input Devices</title>
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217 | <para>For most input devices, no additional configuration will be
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218 | necessary. This section is provided for informational purposes only.</para>
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219 |
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220 | <para>A sample default XKB setup could look like the following (executed as
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221 | the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user):</para>
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222 | <screen><userinput role="username">cat > /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/xkb-defaults.conf << "EOF"
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223 | Section "InputClass"
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224 | Identifier "XKB Defaults"
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225 | MatchIsKeyboard "yes"
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226 | Option "XkbOptions" "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"
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227 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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228 |
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229 | </sect3>
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230 |
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231 | <sect3 id="xdisplay">
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232 | <title>Fine Tuning Display Settings</title>
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233 | <para>Again, with modern Xorg, little or no additional configuration is
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234 | necessary. If you should need extra options passed to your video driver,
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235 | for instance, you could use something like the following (again, executed as
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236 | the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user):</para>
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237 |
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238 | <screen><userinput role="root">cat > /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/videocard-0.conf << "EOF"
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239 | Section "Device"
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240 | Identifier "Videocard0"
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241 | Driver "radeon"
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242 | VendorName "Videocard vendor"
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243 | BoardName "ATI Radeon 7500"
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244 | Option "NoAccel" "true"
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245 | EndSection
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246 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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247 |
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248 | <para>Another common setup is having multiple server layouts for use in
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249 | different environments. Though the server will automatically detect the
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250 | presence of another monitor, it may get the order incorrect:</para>
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251 |
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252 | <screen><userinput role="root">cat > /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/server-layout.conf << "EOF"
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253 | Section "ServerLayout"
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254 | Identifier "DefaultLayout"
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255 | Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
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256 | Screen 1 "Screen1" LeftOf "Screen0"
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257 | Option "Xinerama"
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258 | EndSection
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259 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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260 |
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261 | </sect3>
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262 | </sect2>
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263 | </sect1>
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