1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 |
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7 | <!ENTITY xorg-download-http " ">
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8 | <!ENTITY xorg-download-ftp "ftp://ftp.opengroup.org/pub/x.org/pub/X11R&xorg-version;/src-single/X11R&xorg-version;-src.tar.bz2">
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9 | <!ENTITY xorg-md5sum "8131cd7ea1e4566e6e05c438a93fcfe1">
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10 | <!ENTITY xorg-size "43 MB">
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11 | <!ENTITY xorg-buildsize "839 MB">
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12 | <!ENTITY xorg-time "10.34 SBU">
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13 | ]>
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14 |
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15 | <sect1 id="xorg" xreflabel="X.org-&xorg-version;">
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16 | <?dbhtml filename="xorg.html"?>
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17 |
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18 | <sect1info>
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19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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21 | </sect1info>
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22 |
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23 | <title>Xorg-&xorg-version;</title>
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24 |
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25 | <indexterm zone="xorg">
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26 | <primary sortas="a-xorg">Xorg</primary>
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27 | </indexterm>
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28 |
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29 | <sect2 role="package">
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30 | <title>Introduction to Xorg</title>
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31 |
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32 | <note>
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33 | <para>There are two packages in BLFS that implement the <application>X
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34 | Window System</application>: <application>Xorg</application> and
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35 | <application>XFree86</application>. These packages are quite similar.
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36 | In fact, the base system of <application>Xorg</application> is
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37 | <application>XFree86</application>-4.4.0RC2. The primary difference as
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38 | of this writing is the license provisions of the packages. For someone
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39 | building a package for their own use, these issues are not significant.
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40 | Most large commercial distributions have decided to use the
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41 | <application>Xorg</application> package, but several still use
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42 | <application>XFree86</application>.</para>
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43 |
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44 | <para>A second reason for the forking of <application>X</application>
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45 | packages is the stated goals of the developers. Some developers were
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46 | unhappy with the administration and progress of
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47 | <application>XFree86</application>. X.org's future plans include
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48 | significant improvements to the internals of the system and more frequent
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49 | releases.</para>
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50 |
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51 | <para><application>XFree86</application> continues to be a solid,
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52 | conservative application with excellent driver support.</para>
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53 |
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54 | <para>Both <application>Xorg</application> and
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55 | <application>XFree86</application> can be installed in the same way,
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56 | but this section will provide a slightly different and more current
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57 | variation for installation.</para>
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58 | </note>
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59 |
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60 | <para><application>Xorg</application> is a freely redistributable open-source
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61 | implementation of the <application>X</application> Window System. This
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62 | application provides a client/server interface between display hardware (the
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63 | mouse, keyboard, and video displays) and the desktop environment, while also
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64 | providing both the windowing infrastructure and a standardized application
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65 | interface (API).</para>
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66 |
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67 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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68 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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69 | <listitem>
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70 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-http;"/></para>
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71 | </listitem>
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72 | <listitem>
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73 | <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-ftp;"/></para>
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74 | </listitem>
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75 | <listitem>
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76 | <para>Download MD5 sum: &xorg-md5sum;</para>
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77 | </listitem>
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78 | <listitem>
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79 | <para>Download size: &xorg-size;</para>
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80 | </listitem>
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81 | <listitem>
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82 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &xorg-buildsize;</para>
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83 | </listitem>
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84 | <listitem>
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85 | <para>Estimated build time: &xorg-time;</para>
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86 | </listitem>
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87 | </itemizedlist>
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88 |
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89 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Xorg Dependencies</bridgehead>
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90 |
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91 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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92 | <para><xref linkend="libpng"/> and
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93 | <xref linkend="fontconfig"/></para>
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94 |
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95 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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96 | <para><xref linkend="Linux_PAM"/></para>
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97 |
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98 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Download Instructions</bridgehead>
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99 |
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100 | <para>As an alternative to downloading the entire source tree in a single
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101 | file, there are several files that need to be fetched from the download
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102 | location (directory /pub/x.org/pub/X11R&xorg-version;/src/):</para>
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103 |
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104 | <itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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105 | <listitem>
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106 | <para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src1.tar.gz</filename></para>
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107 | </listitem>
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108 | <listitem>
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109 | <para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src2.tar.gz</filename></para>
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110 | </listitem>
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111 | <listitem>
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112 | <para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src3.tar.gz</filename></para>
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113 | </listitem>
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114 | <listitem>
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115 | <para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src4.tar.gz</filename></para>
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116 | </listitem>
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117 | <listitem>
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118 | <para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src5.tar.gz</filename></para>
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119 | </listitem>
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120 | <listitem>
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121 | <para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src6.tar.gz</filename></para>
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122 | </listitem>
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123 | <listitem>
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124 | <para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src7.tar.gz</filename></para>
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125 | </listitem>
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126 | </itemizedlist>
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127 |
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128 | <para>The first package contains the <application>Xorg</application>
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129 | libraries and support programs, the second contains standard
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130 | <application>X</application> programs, the third contains the
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131 | <application>X</application> server, the fourth and fifth are fonts,
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132 | the sixth is normal documentation, and the seventh is hardcopy
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133 | documentation.</para>
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134 |
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135 | <para>To check your file for integrity, download the
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136 | <filename>md5sums</filename> file. Then:</para>
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137 |
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138 | <screen><userinput>md5sum -c md5sums</userinput></screen>
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139 |
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140 | <para>The package (or all seven packages) should give an OK status.</para>
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141 |
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142 | </sect2>
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143 |
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144 | <sect2 role="kernel" id='xorg-kernel'>
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145 | <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
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146 |
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147 | <indexterm zone="xorg xorg-kernel">
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148 | <primary sortas="d-Xorg">Xorg</primary>
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149 | </indexterm>
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150 |
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151 | <para>If you have an Intel P6 (Pentium Pro, Pentium II and later), it is
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152 | recommended that you compile MTRR (Memory Type Range Registers) support
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153 | into the kernel. The kernel can map Cyrix and AMD CPUs to the MTRR
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154 | interface, so selecting this option is useful for those processors also.
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155 | This option is found in the "Processor type and features" menu. It can
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156 | increase performance of image write operations 2.5 times or more on PCI or
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157 | AGP video cards.</para>
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158 |
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159 | <para>In the "Character Devices" section of the "Device Drivers" menu,
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160 | enable AGP Support and select the chipset support on your motherboard. If
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161 | you do not know the chipset, you may select all the chip types at the
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162 | expense of extra kernel size. You can usually determine your motherboard's
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163 | chipset by running the command <command>lspci</command>, a program from the
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164 | <xref linkend="pciutils"/> package.</para>
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165 |
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166 | <para>In the "Character Devices" section, <emphasis>disable</emphasis>
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167 | Direct Rendering Manager unless you have a Direct Rendering Infrastructure
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168 | (DRI) supported video card. A complete list of DRI supported video cards
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169 | can be found at <ulink url="http://dri.sourceforge.net" /> in the "Status"
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170 | section. Currently, supported cards include those from 3dfx (Voodoo,
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171 | Banshee), 3Dlabs, ATI (Rage Pro, Rage 128, Radeon 7X00, Radeon 2), Intel
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172 | (i810, i815), and Matrox (G200, G400, G450).</para>
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173 |
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174 | <para>Additionally NVidia provides their own closed source binary drivers,
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175 | which do not make use of DRI. If you intend to use these drivers, do not
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176 | enable DRI.</para>
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177 |
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178 | <para>If you made any changes to the kernel configuration, recompile and
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179 | install the new kernel.</para>
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180 |
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181 | </sect2>
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182 |
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183 | <sect2 role="installation">
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184 | <title>Installation of Xorg</title>
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185 |
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186 | <sect3>
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187 | <title>Suppressing Xprint-related Modification to '/etc'</title>
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188 |
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189 | <para><application>Xorg</application> insists on putting
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190 | its boot and profile scripts into the <filename
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191 | class="directory">/etc</filename> directory even if specifically told
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192 | not to compile anything Xprint server or client related (see
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193 | <filename>host.def</filename> below). The following command will
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194 | suppress any such modifications:</para>
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195 |
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196 | <screen><userinput>sed -i '/^SUBDIRS =/s/ etc$//' programs/Xserver/Xprint/Imakefile</userinput></screen>
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197 |
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198 | </sect3>
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199 |
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200 | <sect3>
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201 | <title>Setting Up a Shadow Directory</title>
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202 |
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203 | <para>When building <application>Xorg</application>, you should create
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204 | a shadow directory of symbolic links for the compiled code. To do that,
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205 | first make <command>lndir</command>. Starting from the
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206 | <filename class='directory'>xc</filename> directory:</para>
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207 |
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208 | <screen><userinput>pushd config/util &&
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209 | make -f Makefile.ini lndir</userinput></screen>
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210 |
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211 | <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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212 | user:</para>
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213 |
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214 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cp -v lndir /usr/bin/</userinput></screen>
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215 |
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216 | <para>And back as an unprivileged user:</para>
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217 |
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218 | <screen><userinput>popd</userinput></screen>
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219 |
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220 | <para>Now create the shadow tree:</para>
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221 |
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222 | <screen><userinput>mkdir ../xcbuild &&
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223 | cd ../xcbuild &&
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224 | lndir ../xc</userinput></screen>
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225 |
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226 | </sect3>
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227 |
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228 | <sect3>
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229 | <title>Creating 'host.def'</title>
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230 |
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231 | <para>The next step is to create the
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232 | <filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> file. The documentation for
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233 | <application>Xorg</application> indicates that the application will
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234 | build without a <filename>host.def</filename> file, but the included
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235 | libraries for <application>Fontconfig</application> and
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236 | <application>FreeType2</application> do not build properly on a base
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237 | LFS system. Therefore, you must specify that these libraries, as well
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238 | as others, should be imported from the system.</para>
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239 |
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240 | <note>
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241 | <para><filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> is a C file, not a
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242 | shell script. Ensure the comments delimited by /* ... */ are balanced
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243 | when modifying the file.</para>
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244 | </note>
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245 |
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246 | <screen><userinput>cat > config/cf/host.def << "EOF"
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247 | <literal>/* Begin Xorg host.def file */
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248 |
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249 | /* System Related Information. If you read and configure only one
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250 | * section then it should be this one. The Intel architecture defaults
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251 | * are set for a i686 and higher. Axp is for the Alpha architecture
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252 | * and Ppc is for the Power PC. AMD64 is for the Opteron processor.
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253 | * Note that there have been reports that the Ppc optimization line
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254 | * causes segmentation faults during build. If that happens, try
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255 | * building without the DefaultGcc2PpcOpt line. ***********/
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256 |
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257 | /* #define DefaultGcc2i386Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce \
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258 | -fno-strict-aliasing -march=i686 */
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259 | /* #define DefaultGccAMD64Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce \
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260 | -fno-strict-aliasing */
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261 | /* #define DefaultGcc2AxpOpt -O2 -mcpu=ev6 */
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262 | /* #define DefaultGcc2PpcOpt -O2 -mcpu=750 */
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263 |
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264 | #define HasFreetype2 YES
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265 | #define HasFontconfig YES
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266 | #define HasExpat YES
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267 | #define HasLibpng YES
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268 | #define HasZlib YES
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269 |
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270 | /*
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271 | * Which drivers to build. When building a static server, each of
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272 | * these will be included in it. When building the loadable server
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273 | * each of these modules will be built.
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274 | *
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275 | #define XF86CardDrivers mga glint nv tga s3virge sis rendition \
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276 | neomagic i740 tdfx savage \
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277 | cirrus vmware tseng trident chips apm \
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278 | GlideDriver fbdev i128 \
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279 | ati DevelDrivers ark \
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280 | cyrix siliconmotion vesa vga \
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281 | XF86OSCardDrivers XF86ExtraCardDrivers
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282 | */
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283 |
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284 | /*
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285 | * Select the XInput devices you want by uncommenting this.
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286 | *
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287 | #define XInputDrivers mouse keyboard acecad calcomp citron \
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288 | digitaledge dmc dynapro elographics \
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289 | microtouch mutouch penmount spaceorb \
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290 | summa wacom void magictouch aiptek
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291 | */
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292 |
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293 | /* Most installs will only need this */
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294 |
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295 | #define XInputDrivers mouse keyboard
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296 |
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297 | /* Disable building Xprint server and clients until we get them figured
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298 | * out but build Xprint libraries to allow precompiled binaries such as
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299 | * Acrobat Reader to run.
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300 | */
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301 |
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302 | #define XprtServer NO
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303 | #define BuildXprintClients NO
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304 |
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305 | /* Uncomment the following define if you would prefer to install X into
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306 | * /usr or change it to any other location that you prefer.
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307 | * The GL related defines disable compatibility symlinks (the links are not needed
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308 | * when X is installed in /usr).
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309 | #define ProjectRoot /usr
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310 | #define LinkGLToUsrInclude NO
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311 | #define LinkGLToUsrLib NO
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312 | */
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313 |
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314 | /* Uncomment the following define if you would prefer to install the
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315 | * fonts into /usr/share/fonts, a directory that is fontconfig's default
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316 | * font search path.
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317 | #define FontDir /usr/share/fonts
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318 | */
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319 |
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320 | /* End Xorg host.def file */</literal>
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321 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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322 |
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323 | <para>There are several other options that you may want to consider.
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324 | A well documented example file is
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325 | <filename>config/cf/xorgsite.def</filename>.</para>
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326 |
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327 | </sect3>
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328 |
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329 | <sect3>
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330 | <title>Build Commands</title>
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331 |
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332 | <para>Install <application>Xorg</application> by running the
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333 | following commands:</para>
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334 |
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335 | <screen><userinput>sed -i -e "s@^#include <linux/config.h>@/* & */@" \
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336 | `grep -lr linux/config.h *` &&
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337 | ( make World 2>&1 | tee xorg-compile.log && exit $PIPESTATUS )</userinput></screen>
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338 |
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339 | <para>Again as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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340 | user:</para>
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341 |
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342 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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343 | make install.man &&
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344 | ln -v -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11 &&
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345 | ln -v -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11 &&
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346 | ln -v -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</userinput></screen>
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347 |
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348 | </sect3>
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349 |
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350 | </sect2>
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351 |
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352 | <sect2 role="commands">
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353 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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354 |
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355 | <para><command>sed -i -e "s@^#include <linux/config.h>@...</command>:
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356 | The <application>Linux-Libc-Headers</application> package installed in
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357 | LFS installs a <filename>/usr/include/linux/config.h</filename> file
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358 | which is not compatible with userspace applications. The recommended fix
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359 | for applications including this file is to remove it (see <ulink
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360 | url="http://ep09.pld-linux.org/~mmazur/linux-libc-headers/doc/FAQ">
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361 | linux-libc-headers FAQ</ulink>). The <command>sed</command> uses
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362 | <command>grep -lr</command> to replace all occurrences. If you desire, just
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363 | remove (comment) the line in the appropriate video driver file if you
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364 | customized <filename>host.def</filename>.</para>
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365 |
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366 | <para><command>( make World 2>&1 | tee xorg-compile.log
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367 | && exit $PIPESTATUS )</command>: This command runs multiple
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368 | <filename>Makefile</filename>s to completely rebuild the system.
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369 | <parameter>2>&1</parameter> redirects error messages to the
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370 | same location as standard output. The <command>tee</command> command
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371 | allows viewing of the output while logging the results to a file. The
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372 | parentheses around the command runs the entire command in a subshell
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373 | and finally the <command>exit $PIPESTATUS</command> ensures the result
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374 | of the <command>make</command> is returned as the result and not the
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375 | result of the <command>tee</command> command.</para>
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376 |
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377 | <note>
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378 | <para>When rebuilding <application>Xorg</application>, a separate
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379 | command that may be used if only minor changes are made to the sources
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380 | is <command>make Everything</command>. This does not automatically
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381 | remove generated files and only rebuilds those files or programs that
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382 | are out of date.</para>
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383 | </note>
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384 |
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385 | <para><command>ln -v -sf ...</command>: These commands are present to
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386 | enable other (broken) packages to build against
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387 | <application>Xorg</application>, even though the Filesystem Hierarchy
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388 | Standard says: <quote>In general, software must not be installed or
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389 | managed via the above symbolic links. They are intended for utilization
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390 | by users only.</quote></para>
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391 |
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392 | </sect2>
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393 |
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394 | <sect2 role="configuration" id='xorg-config'>
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395 | <title>Configuring Xorg</title>
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396 |
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397 | <para>Edit <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> and add
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398 | <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib</filename>. Run:</para>
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399 |
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400 | <indexterm zone="xorg xorg-config">
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401 | <primary sortas="e-etc-ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
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402 | </indexterm>
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403 |
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404 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ldconfig</userinput></screen>
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405 |
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406 | <para>Ensure <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/bin</filename>
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407 | and <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib/pkgconfig</filename>
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408 | are added to your <envar>PATH</envar> and <envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar>
|
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409 | environment variables, respectively. Instructions for doing this are
|
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410 | described in the section <xref linkend='postlfs-config-profile'/>.</para>
|
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411 |
|
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412 | <para>Create the <filename>xorg.conf</filename> file with:</para>
|
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413 |
|
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414 | <screen><userinput>cd ~ &&
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415 | Xorg -configure</userinput></screen>
|
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416 |
|
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417 | <para>The screen will go black and you may hear some clicking of the monitor.
|
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418 | This command will create a file, <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> in your
|
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419 | home directory.</para>
|
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420 |
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421 | <indexterm zone="xorg xorg-config">
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422 | <primary sortas="e-etc-X11-xorg-conf">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</primary>
|
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423 | </indexterm>
|
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424 |
|
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425 | <para>Edit <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> to suit your system. The
|
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426 | details of the file are located in the xorg.conf man page. Some things
|
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427 | you may want to do are:</para>
|
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428 |
|
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429 | <itemizedlist>
|
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430 | <listitem>
|
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431 | <para>Section "Files". Change the order of the font paths searched.
|
---|
432 | You may want to put 100dpi fonts ahead of 75dpi fonts if your system
|
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433 | normally comes up closer to 100 dots per inch. You may want to remove
|
---|
434 | some font directories completely.</para>
|
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435 | </listitem>
|
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436 | <listitem>
|
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437 | <para>Section "Module". If you are going to install NVidia
|
---|
438 | drivers, remove the "dri" line.</para>
|
---|
439 | </listitem>
|
---|
440 | <listitem>
|
---|
441 | <para>Sections "InputDevice". You may want to change the
|
---|
442 | keyboard autorepeat rate by adding
|
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443 | <option>Option "Autorepeat" "250 30"</option>.</para>
|
---|
444 | </listitem>
|
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445 | <listitem>
|
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446 | <para>Section "Monitor". Specify the <option>VertRefresh</option>
|
---|
447 | and <option>HorizSync</option> values if the system does not
|
---|
448 | automatically detect the monitor and its values.</para>
|
---|
449 | </listitem>
|
---|
450 | <listitem>
|
---|
451 | <para>Section "Device". You may want to set some of the options
|
---|
452 | available for your selected video driver. A description of the driver
|
---|
453 | parameters is in the man page for your driver.</para>
|
---|
454 | </listitem>
|
---|
455 | <listitem><para>Section "Screen". Add a DefaultDepth statement such as:
|
---|
456 | <option>DefaultDepth 24</option>. In the SubSection for your
|
---|
457 | default depth, add a modes line such as:
|
---|
458 | <option>Modes "1600x1200" "1280x1024" "1024x768"</option>. The first
|
---|
459 | mode listed will normally be the starting resolution.</para>
|
---|
460 | </listitem>
|
---|
461 | </itemizedlist>
|
---|
462 |
|
---|
463 | <para>Test the system with:</para>
|
---|
464 |
|
---|
465 | <screen><userinput>X -config ~/xorg.conf.new</userinput></screen>
|
---|
466 |
|
---|
467 | <para>You will only get a gray background with an X-shaped mouse cursor,
|
---|
468 | but it confirms the system is working. Exit with
|
---|
469 | <keycap>Control+Alt+Backspace</keycap>. If the system does not work, take
|
---|
470 | a look at <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> to see what went
|
---|
471 | wrong.</para>
|
---|
472 |
|
---|
473 | <para>Move the configuration file to its final location:</para>
|
---|
474 |
|
---|
475 | <screen role="root"><userinput>mv ~/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</userinput></screen>
|
---|
476 |
|
---|
477 | <para>Create <filename>.xinitrc</filename>:</para>
|
---|
478 |
|
---|
479 | <screen><userinput>cat > ~/.xinitrc << "EOF"
|
---|
480 | <literal># Begin .xinitrc file
|
---|
481 | xterm -g 80x40+0+0 &
|
---|
482 | xclock -g 100x100-0+0 &
|
---|
483 | twm</literal>
|
---|
484 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
485 |
|
---|
486 | <para>This provides an initial screen with an xterm and a clock that is
|
---|
487 | managed by a simple window manager, Tab Window Manager. For details of
|
---|
488 | <command>twm</command>, see the man page.</para>
|
---|
489 |
|
---|
490 | <indexterm zone="xorg xorg-config">
|
---|
491 | <primary sortas="e-AA.xinitrc">~/.xinitrc</primary>
|
---|
492 | </indexterm>
|
---|
493 |
|
---|
494 | <note>
|
---|
495 | <para>When needed, <application>Xorg</application> creates the directory
|
---|
496 | <filename>/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> if it does not exist. If this
|
---|
497 | directory is not owned by <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>,
|
---|
498 | <application>Xorg</application> delays startup by a few seconds and also
|
---|
499 | appends a warning to the logfile. This also affects startup of other
|
---|
500 | applications. To improve performance, it is advisable to manually create
|
---|
501 | the directory before <application>Xorg</application> uses it. Add the
|
---|
502 | file creation to <filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename> that is
|
---|
503 | sourced by the <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs</filename> startup
|
---|
504 | script.</para>
|
---|
505 |
|
---|
506 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >> /etc/sysconfig/createfiles << "EOF"
|
---|
507 | <literal>/tmp/.ICE-unix dir 1777 root root</literal>
|
---|
508 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
509 |
|
---|
510 | </note>
|
---|
511 |
|
---|
512 | <indexterm zone="xorg xorg-config">
|
---|
513 | <primary
|
---|
514 | sortas="e-etc-sysconfig-createfiles">/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</primary>
|
---|
515 | </indexterm>
|
---|
516 |
|
---|
517 | <para>Start <application>X</application> with:</para>
|
---|
518 |
|
---|
519 | <screen><userinput>startx</userinput></screen>
|
---|
520 |
|
---|
521 | <para>to get a basic functional <application>X Window
|
---|
522 | System</application>.</para>
|
---|
523 |
|
---|
524 | <para>At this point, you should check out <xref linkend='x-setup'/> for
|
---|
525 | the necessary configuration to make <application>X</application> fully
|
---|
526 | functional. Additionally, you can have a look at <xref linkend='x-config'/>
|
---|
527 | for information on fine tuning your <application>X</application>
|
---|
528 | configuration.</para>
|
---|
529 |
|
---|
530 | <para>For a list of the package contents and a description of the commands,
|
---|
531 | see the sections in the <xref linkend='xfree86-contents'/>.</para>
|
---|
532 |
|
---|
533 | </sect2>
|
---|
534 |
|
---|
535 | </sect1>
|
---|