source: x/installing/xorg.xml@ df4e00d

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;

  <!ENTITY xorg-download-http "http://freedesktop.org/~xorg/X11R6.7.0/src/">
  <!ENTITY xorg-download-ftp  " ">
  <!ENTITY xorg-size          "70.3 MB">
  <!ENTITY xorg-buildsize     "645 MB">
  <!ENTITY xorg-time          "17.1 SBU">
]>

<sect1 id="xorg" xreflabel="X.org-&xorg-version;">
<?dbhtml filename="xorg.html"?>
<title>Xorg-&xorg-version;</title>


<sect2>
<title>Introduction to <application>Xorg</application></title>

<note><para>There are two packages in <acronym>BLFS</acronym> that implement 
the <application>X</application> Window System: <application>Xorg</application> 
and <application>XFree86</application>. These packages are quite similar. In 
fact, the base system of <application>Xorg</application> is 
<application>XFree86</application>-RC2. The primary difference as of this 
writing is the license provisions of the packages.  For someone building a 
package for their own use, these issues are not significant.  Most large 
commercial distributions have decided to use the  
<application>Xorg</application> package, but several still use 
<application>XFree86</application>.</para>

<para>A second reason for the forking of <application>X</application> packages 
is the stated goals of the developers. Some developers were unhappy with the 
administration and progress of <application>XFree86</application>. X.org's 
future plans include significant improvements to the internals of the system 
and more frequent releases.</para>

<para><application>XFree86</application> continues to be a solid, conservative 
application with excellent driver support.</para>

<para>Both <application>Xorg</application> and 
<application>XFree86</application> can be installed in the same way, but this 
section will provide a slightly different and more current variation for 
installation.</para>
</note>

<para><application>Xorg</application> is a freely redistributable open-source
implementation of the <application>X</application> Window System. This 
application provides a client/server interface between display hardware (the 
mouse, keyboard, and video displays) and the desktop environment, while also 
providing both the windowing infrastructure and a standardized application 
interface (<acronym>API</acronym>).</para>
 
<sect3><title>Package information</title>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
<listitem><para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-http;"/></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-ftp;"/></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Download size: &xorg-size;</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Estimated Disk space required: &xorg-buildsize;</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Estimated build time: &xorg-time;</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</sect3>
 
<sect3><title><application>Xorg</application> Dependencies</title>
 
<sect4><title>Required</title>
<para><xref linkend="libpng"/> and <xref linkend="fontconfig"/></para>
</sect4>

<sect4><title>Optional</title> 
<para><xref linkend="pkgconfig"/> and <xref linkend="Linux_PAM"/></para>
</sect4>

</sect3>
 
<sect3><title>Download Instructions</title>
 
<para>There are several files that need to be fetched from the download 
location:</para>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src1.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src2.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src3.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src4.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src5.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src6.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src7.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<para>The first package contains the <application>Xorg</application> libraries 
and support programs, the second contains standard <application>X</application> 
programs, the third contains the <application>X</application> server, the 
fourth and fifth are fonts, the sixth is normal documentation, and the seventh
is hardcopy documentation.</para> 
 
<para>To check your downloads for integrity, download the 
<filename>md5sums</filename> file. Then:</para>
 
<screen><userinput><command>md5sum -c md5sums</command></userinput></screen>
 
<para>All seven packages should give an OK status.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Installation of <application>Xorg</application></title>

<sect3>
<title>Kernel Compilation Settings</title>
<para>If you have an Intel P6 (Pentium Pro, Pentium II and later), it is 
recommended that you compile <acronym>MTRR</acronym> (Memory Type Range 
Registers) support into the kernel. The kernel can map Cyrix and AMD 
<acronym>CPU</acronym>s to the <acronym>MTRR</acronym> interface, so selecting 
this option is useful for those processors also. This option is found in the
"Processor type and features" menu.  It can increase performance of
image write operations 2.5 times or more on <acronym>PCI</acronym> or
<acronym>AGP</acronym> video cards.</para>
 
<para>In the "Character Devices" section, enable <acronym>AGP</acronym> Support 
and select the chipset support on your motherboard. If you do not know the 
chipset, you may select all the chip types at the expense of extra kernel size. 
You can usually determine your motherboard's chipset by running the command
<command>lspci</command>, a program from the <xref linkend="pciutils"/> 
package.</para>
 
<para>In the "Character Devices" section, <emphasis>disable</emphasis> Direct
Rendering Manager unless you have a Direct Rendering Infrastructure
(<acronym>DRI</acronym>) supported video card.  A complete list of 
<acronym>DRI</acronym> supported video cards can be found at 
<ulink url="http://dri.sourceforge.net" /> in the Status section.
Currently, supported cards include those from 3dfx (Voodoo, Banshee), 3Dlabs,
ATI (Rage Pro, Rage 128, Radeon 7X00, Radeon 2), Intel (i810, i815), and 
Matrox (G200, G400, G450). If you do enable <acronym>DRI</acronym> here, make 
sure you select the video card(s) you want to support as a 
<emphasis>module</emphasis>.</para>
 
<para>Additionally NVidia provides their own closed source binary drivers,
which do not make use of <acronym>DRI</acronym>. If you intend to use these 
drivers, do not enable <acronym>DRI</acronym>.</para>
 
<para>If you made any changes to the kernel configuration, recompile the 
kernel.</para>
 
<para>Copy the <filename>arch/i386/boot/bzImage</filename> and 
<filename>System.map</filename> from the kernel build directory to 
<filename class='directory'>/boot</filename>. Edit 
<filename>/boot/grub/menu.lst</filename> and add the new kernel to the boot 
menu. (If you use lilo, edit <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> and run 
<command>lilo</command>.)</para>
 
<note><para>If you build <application>Xorg</application> in a 
<command>chroot</command> environment, make sure the kernel version of the base 
system and the target system are the same. This is especially important if you 
enabled <acronym>DRI</acronym> support as a module as instructed above.</para>
</note>
</sect3>

<sect3><title>Setting Up a Shadow Directory</title>  
<para>When building <application>Xorg</application>, you should create a shadow 
directory of symbolic links for the compiled code.  To do that, first make 
<command>lndir</command>.  Starting from the 
<filename class='directory'>xc</filename> directory:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>pushd config/util &amp;&amp;
make -f Makefile.ini lndir &amp;&amp;
cp lndir /usr/bin/ &amp;&amp;
popd</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Now create the shadow tree:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>mkdir ../xcbuild &amp;&amp;
cd ../xcbuild &amp;&amp;
lndir ../xc</command></userinput></screen>
</sect3>

<sect3><title>Creating <filename>host.def</filename></title>  
<para>The next step is to create the <filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> 
file. The documentation for <application>Xorg</application> indicates that the 
application will build without a <filename>host.def</filename> file, but
the included libraries for <application>Fontconfig</application> and 
<application>FreeType2</application> do not build properly on a base 
<acronym>LFS</acronym> system. Therefore, you must specify that these 
libraries, as well as others, should be imported from the system.</para>

<note><para><filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> is a C file, not a shell 
script.  Ensure the comments delimited by <userinput>/*</userinput> ... 
<userinput>*/</userinput> are balanced when modifying the file.</para></note>

<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt; config/cf/host.def &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
/* Begin Xorg host.def file */
 
/* System Related Information.  If you read and configure only one
 * section then it should be this one.  The Intel architecture defaults are
 * set for a i686 and higher.  Axp is for the Alpha architecture and Ppc is
 * for the Power PC.  AMD64 is for the Opteron processor. Note that there have 
 * been reports that the Ppc optimization line causes segmentation faults during 
 * build.  If that happens, try building without the DefaultGcc2PpcOpt line.  ***********/
 
/* #define DefaultGcc2i386Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce -fno-strict-aliasing -march=i686 */
/* #define DefaultGccAMD64Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce -fno-strict-aliasing */
/* #define DefaultGcc2AxpOpt  -O2 -mcpu=ev6 */
/* #define DefaultGcc2PpcOpt  -O2 -mcpu=750 */

#define HasFreetype2             YES
#define HasFontconfig            YES
#define HasExpat                 YES
#define HasLibpng                YES
#define HasZlib                  YES

/*
 * Which drivers to build.  When building a static server, each of these
 * will be included in it.  When building the loadable server each of these
 * modules will be built.
 *
#define XF86CardDrivers         mga glint nv tga s3virge sis rendition \
                                neomagic i740 tdfx savage \
                                cirrus vmware tseng trident chips apm \
                                GlideDriver fbdev i128 \
                                ati AgpGartDrivers DevelDrivers ark cyrix \
                                siliconmotion \
                                vesa vga XF86OSCardDrivers XF86ExtraCardDrivers
*/

/*
 * Select the XInput devices you want by uncommenting this.
 *
#define XInputDrivers           mouse keyboard acecad calcomp citron \
                                digitaledge dmc dynapro elographics \
                                microtouch mutouch penmount spaceorb summa \
                                wacom void magictouch aiptek
 */

/* Most installs will only need this */

#define XInputDrivers           mouse keyboard


/* End Xorg host.def file */
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<para>There are several other options that you may want to consider.  A well 
documented example file is <filename>config/cf/xorgsite.cf</filename>.</para>
</sect3>

<sect3>
<title>Build Commands</title>
<para>Install <application>Xorg</application> by running the following 
commands:</para>
 
<screen><userinput><command>sed -i -e "s@#include &lt;linux/config.h&gt;@/* #include &lt;linux/config.h&gt; */@" \
`grep -lr linux/config.h *` &amp;&amp;
( make World 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee xorg-compile.log &amp;&amp; exit $PIPESTATUS ) &amp;&amp;
make install &amp;&amp;
make install.man &amp;&amp;
ln -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11 &amp;&amp;
ln -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11 &amp;&amp;
ln -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</command></userinput></screen>
 
</sect3>

<sect3>
<title>Updating Direct Rendering Infrastructure (<acronym>DRI</acronym>)</title>
<para>If you have one of the supported <acronym>DRI</acronym> cards and
have enabled <acronym>DRI</acronym> kernel modules as explained
above, you now need to update the kernel modules to ensure they are compatible 
with the current version of <application>Xorg</application>. To do this, 
perform the following:</para>
 
<screen><userinput><command>cd programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/os-support/linux/drm/kernel &amp;&amp;
make -f Makefile.linux  &amp;&amp;
mkdir -p /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/  &amp;&amp;
cp gamma.o radeon.o sis.o r128.o i810.o i830.o mga.o tdfx.o \
    /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/  &amp;&amp;
depmod -a</command></userinput></screen>
 
<warning><para>If you recompile or upgrade your kernel, you will need to 
re-copy the appropriate driver module(s) to the kernel module library and rerun 
the <command>depmod -a</command> command.</para></warning>
 
<note><para>If you created <acronym>AGP</acronym> support as a module when 
compiling the kernel, you may have to add a line to 
<filename>/etc/modules.conf</filename> to ensure the agpgart module is loaded. 
For instance, the <acronym>AGP</acronym> version of the Radeon video card will 
use the <filename>radeon.o</filename> driver. It will need to have the line 
<screen>below radeon agpgart</screen> in <filename>/etc/modules.conf</filename> 
to enable <acronym>DRI</acronym> support.</para></note>
</sect3>
</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Command explanations</title>
 
<para><command>sed -i -e "s@#include &lt;linux/config.h&gt;@...</command>: The
<application>Linux-Libc-Headers</application> package installed in
<acronym>LFS</acronym> installs a
<filename>/usr/include/linux/config.h</filename> file which is not compatible
with userspace applications. The recommended fix for applications including
this file is to remove it (see <ulink 
url="http://ep09.pld-linux.org/~mmazur/linux-libc-headers/doc/FAQ">
linux-libc-headers FAQ</ulink>). The <command>sed</command> uses
<command>grep -lr</command> to replace all occurences. If you desire, just
remove (comment) the line in the appropriate video driver file if you
customized <filename>host.def</filename>.
</para>

<para><command>( make World 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee xorg-compile.log
   &amp;&amp; exit $PIPESTATUS )</command>:
This command runs multiple <filename>Makefile</filename>s to completely rebuild 
the system. <parameter>2&gt;&amp;1</parameter> redirects error messages
to the same location as standard output. The <command>tee</command> command
allows viewing of the output while logging the results to a file. The 
parentheses around the command runs the entire comand in a subshell and finally 
the <command>exit $PIPESTATUS</command> ensures the result of the 
<command>make</command> is returned as the result and not the result of the 
<command>tee</command> command.</para>
 
<note><para>When rebuilding <application>Xorg</application>, a separate command 
that may be used if only minor changes are made to the sources is 
<command>make Everything</command>. This does not automatically remove generated
files and only rebuilds those files or programs that are out of date.</para>
</note>
 
<para><screen><command>ln -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11
ln -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11
ln -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</command></screen>
These commands are present to enable other (broken) packages to build against 
<application>Xorg</application>, even though the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard 
says: "In general, software must not be installed or managed via the above
symbolic links. They are intended for utilization by users only."</para>
 
<!-- <para><command>make  CC=/opt/gcc-2.95.3/bin/gcc -f Makefile.linux</command>: 
This builds the <application>Xorg</application> compatible kernel modules using 
the same compiler used to compile the kernel.</para> -->
 
<para><command>cp gamma.o radeon.o sis.o r128.o i810.o i830.o mga.o tdfx.o
/lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/</command>: Put the kernel
module(s) where the kernel can find them. You only need to copy the driver you
need to support your video card.</para>
 
<para><command>depmod -a</command>: Update the modules.dep file for module
management.</para>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Configuring Xorg</title>

<para>Edit <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> and add
<filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib</filename>.
Run:</para> 
<screen><userinput><command>ldconfig</command></userinput></screen>
 
<para>Ensure <filename class='directory'>/usr/X11R6/bin</filename> is added to 
your <envar>PATH</envar> environment variable. Instructions for doing this are 
described in the section "<xref linkend='postlfs-config-profile'/>."</para>
 
<para>Expand the <envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar> so that other packages
can find <application>X</application> libraries. Procedures for this are also
described in the section "<xref linkend='postlfs-config-profile'/>."</para>

<para>Set up your mouse:
<screen><userinput><command>ln -s psaux /dev/mouse</command></userinput></screen>
 
Adjust the symbolic link as necessary for other types of mice.  For instance,
a serial mouse on the first serial port would be linked to ttyS0.</para>
 
<para>Create the <filename>xorg.conf</filename> file with:
<screen><userinput><command>cd ~
Xorg -configure</command></userinput></screen>
The screen will go black and you may hear some clicking of the monitor.  This
command will create a file, <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> in your home
directory.</para>
 
<para>Edit <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> to suit your system.  The details 
of the file are located in the man page <command>man xorg.conf</command>. Some 
things you may want to do are:</para>
 
<itemizedlist>
 
<listitem><para>Section "Files". Change the order of the font paths searched.
You may want to put 100dpi fonts ahead of 75dpi fonts if your system normally
comes up closer to 100 dots per inch.  You may want to remove some font
directories completely.</para></listitem>
 
<listitem><para>Section "Monitor".  Specify the 
<parameter>VertRefresh</parameter> and <parameter>HorizSync</parameter> values 
if the system does not automatically detect the monitor and its values.</para>
</listitem>
 
<listitem><para>Section "InputDevice".  You may want to change the keyboard
autorepeat rate by adding <parameter>Option "Autorepeat" "250 30"</parameter>.
</para></listitem>
 
<listitem><para>Section "Device".  You may want to set some of the options
available for your selected video driver.  A description of the driver
parameters is in the man page for your driver.</para></listitem>
 
<listitem><para>Section "Screen".  Add a DefaultDepth statement such as: 
<parameter>DefaultDepth 16</parameter>. In the SubSection for your default 
depth, add a modes line such as: 
<parameter> Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768"</parameter>. The first mode listed 
will normally be the starting resolution.</para></listitem>
 
</itemizedlist>

<para>Test the system with:
<screen><userinput><command>X -xf86config ~/xorg.conf.new</command></userinput></screen>
You will only get a gray background with an X-shaped mouse cursor, but it
confirms the system is working.  Exit with Control-Alt-Backspace.  If the
system does not work, take a look at <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> 
to see what went wrong.</para>
 
<para>Move the configuration file to its final location:</para>
<screen><userinput><command>mv ~/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</command></userinput></screen>
 
<para>Create <filename>.xinitrc</filename>:
<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt; ~/.xinitrc &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
# Begin .xinitrc file
xterm  -g 80x40+0+0   &amp;
xclock -g 100x100-0+0 &amp;
twm
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
This provides an initial screen with an xterm and a clock that is managed by a
simple window manager, Tab Window Manager.  For details of 
<command>twm</command>, see the man page.</para>
 
<note>
<para>When needed, <application>Xorg</application> creates the directory
<filename>/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> if it does not exist. If this directory is
not owned by root, <application>Xorg</application> delays startup by a few 
seconds and also appends a warning to the logfile. This also affects startup of 
other applications. To improve performance, it is advisable to manually create 
the directory before <application>Xorg</application> uses it. Add the file 
creation to <filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename> that is sourced by 
the <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs</filename> startup script.</para>
 
<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/sysconfig/createfiles &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
/tmp/.ICE-unix dir 1777 root root
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
</note>

<para>Start <application>X</application> with:
<screen><userinput><command>startx</command></userinput></screen>
to get a basic functional <application>X</application> Window System.</para>

<para>At this point, you should check out <xref linkend='x-setup'/>.</para>

<para>For a list of the package contents and a description of the commands,
see the sections in <xref linkend='xfree86'/>.</para>

</sect2>

</sect1>