[d7a9c28] | 1 | <sect1 id="xorg" xreflabel="X.org-&xorg-version;">
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| 2 | <?dbhtml filename="xorg.html" ?>
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[f35b22f] | 3 | <title>Xorg-&xorg-version;</title>
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[d7a9c28] | 4 |
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| 5 |
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| 6 | <sect2>
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[f35b22f] | 7 | <title>Introduction to <application>Xorg</application></title>
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[d7a9c28] | 8 |
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| 9 | <note><para>There are two packages in BLFS that implement the <application>X</application>
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[f35b22f] | 10 | Window System: <application>Xorg</application> and <application>XFree86</application>.
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| 11 | These packages are quite similar. In fact the base system of <application>Xorg</application>
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[d7a9c28] | 12 | is <application>XFree86</application>-RC2. The primary difference as of this writing is
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| 13 | the license provisions of the packages. For someone building a package for their own use,
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| 14 | these issues are not significant. Most large commercial distributions have decided
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[f35b22f] | 15 | to use the <application>Xorg</application> package, but several still use
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[d7a9c28] | 16 | <application>XFree86</application>.</para>
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <para>A second reason for the forking of X packages is the stated goals of the
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| 19 | developers. Some developers were unhappy with the administration and progress of
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[f35b22f] | 20 | <application>XFree86</application>. Xorg's future plans include significant
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[d7a9c28] | 21 | improvements to the internals of the system and more frequent releases.</para>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <para><application>XFree86</application> continues to be a solid, conservitive
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| 24 | application with excellent driver support.</para>
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| 25 |
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[f35b22f] | 26 | <para>Both <application>Xorg</application> and <application>XFree86</application>
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[d7a9c28] | 27 | can be installed in the same way, but this section will provide a slightly
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| 28 | different and more current variation for installation.</para>
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| 29 | </note>
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| 30 |
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| 31 |
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[f35b22f] | 32 | <para><application>Xorg</application> is a freely redistributable open-source
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[d7a9c28] | 33 | implementation of the <application>X</application> Window System.
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| 34 | This application provides a client/server interface between display
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| 35 | hardware (the mouse, keyboard, and video displays) and the desktop environment
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| 36 | while also providing both the windowing infrastructure and a standardized
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| 37 | application interface (<acronym>API</acronym>).</para>
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| 38 |
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| 39 | <sect3><title>Package information</title>
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| 40 | <itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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| 41 | <listitem><para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-http;"/></para></listitem>
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| 42 | <listitem><para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-ftp;"/></para></listitem>
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| 43 | <listitem><para>Download size: &xorg-size;</para></listitem>
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| 44 | <listitem><para>Estimated Disk space required: &xorg-buildsize;</para></listitem>
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| 45 | <listitem><para>Estimated build time: &xorg-time;</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
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| 46 | </sect3>
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| 47 |
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| 48 |
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[f35b22f] | 49 | <sect3><title><application>Xorg</application> Dependencies</title>
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[d7a9c28] | 50 |
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| 51 | <sect4><title>Required</title>
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| 52 | <para><xref linkend="libpng"/>, <xref linkend="expat"/>, <xref linkend="freetype2"/>
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| 53 | and <xref linkend="fontconfig"/>.</para>
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| 54 | </sect4>
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[8412f1c] | 55 |
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[d7a9c28] | 56 | </sect3>
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| 57 |
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| 58 |
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| 59 | <sect3><title>Download Instructions</title>
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| 60 |
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| 61 | <para>There are several files that need to be fetched from the download location:</para>
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| 62 | <itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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| 63 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src1.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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| 64 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src2.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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| 65 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src3.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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| 66 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src4.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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| 67 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src5.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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| 68 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src6.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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| 69 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src7.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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| 70 | </itemizedlist>
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| 71 |
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[8412f1c] | 72 | <para>The first package contains the <application>Xorg</application> libraries and
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[d7a9c28] | 73 | support programs, the second contains standard X programs, the third contains the
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| 74 | X server, the fourth and fifth are fonts, the sixth is normal documentation, and the seventh
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| 75 | is hardcopy documentation.</para>
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| 76 |
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| 77 | <para>To check your downloads for integrity, download the <filename>md5sums</filename>
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| 78 | file. Then:</para>
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| 79 |
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| 80 | <screen><userinput><command>md5sum -c md5sums</command></userinput></screen>
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| 81 |
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| 82 | <para>All seven packages should give an OK status.</para>
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| 83 | </sect3>
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| 84 | </sect2>
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| 85 |
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| 86 | <sect2>
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[f35b22f] | 87 | <title>Installation of <application>Xorg</application></title>
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[d7a9c28] | 88 |
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| 89 |
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[f35b22f] | 90 | <sect3>
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| 91 | <title>Kernel Compilation Settings</title>
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| 92 | <para>If you have an Intel P6 (Pentium Pro, Pentium II and later) it is recommended
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| 93 | that you compile <acronym>MTRR</acronym> (Memory Type Range Registers) support into the kernel.
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| 94 | The kernel can map Cyrix and AMD <acronym>CPU</acronym>s to the
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| 95 | <acronym>MTRR</acronym> interface so selecting this
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| 96 | option is useful for those processors also. This option is found in the
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| 97 | "Processor type and features" menu. It can increase performance of
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| 98 | image write operations 2.5 times or more on <acronym>PCI</acronym> or
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| 99 | <acronym>AGP</acronym> video cards.</para>
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| 100 |
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| 101 | <para>In the "Character Devices" section, enable <acronym>AGP</acronym> Support and
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| 102 | select the chipset support on your motherboard. If you do not know the chipset,
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| 103 | you may select all the chip types at the expense of extra kernel size. You can usually
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| 104 | determine your motherboard's chipset by doing:</para>
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| 105 | <screen><userinput><command>cat /proc/pci</command></userinput></screen>
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| 106 |
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| 107 | <para>In the "Character Devices" section, <emphasis>disable</emphasis> Direct
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| 108 | Rendering Manager unless you have a Direct Rendering Infrastructure
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| 109 | (<acronym>DRI</acronym>)
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| 110 | supported video card. A complete list of <acronym>DRI</acronym> supported video cards can
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| 111 | be found at <ulink url="http://dri.sourceforge.net" /> in the Status section.
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| 112 | Currently, supported cards include those from 3dfx (Voodoo, Banshee), 3Dlabs,
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| 113 | ATI (Rage Pro, Rage 128,
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| 114 | Radeon 7X00, Radeon 2), Intel (i810, i815), and Matrox (G200, G400, G450).
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| 115 | If you do enable <acronym>DRI</acronym> here, make sure you select the video card(s) you want
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| 116 | to support as a <emphasis>module</emphasis>.</para>
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| 117 |
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| 118 | <para>Additionally NVidia provides their own closed source binary drivers,
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| 119 | which do not make use of <acronym>DRI</acronym>. If you intend to use these drivers,
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| 120 | do not enable <acronym>DRI</acronym>.</para>
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| 121 |
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| 122 | <para>If you made any changes to the kernel configuration, recompile the kernel.</para>
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| 123 |
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[8412f1c] | 124 | <para>Copy the <filename>arch/i386/boot/bzImage</filename> and <filename>System.map</filename>
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| 125 | from the kernel build directory to <filename class='directory'>/boot</filename>.
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| 126 | Edit <filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename> and add the new kernel to the
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| 127 | boot menu.
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| 128 | (If you use lilo, edit <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> and run <filename>lilo</filename>.)
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[f35b22f] | 129 | </para>
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| 130 |
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| 131 | <note><para>If you build <application>Xorg</application> in a chroot environment,
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| 132 | make sure the kernel version of the base system and the target system are the same.
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| 133 | This is especially important if you enabled <acronym>DRI</acronym> support as a module as
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| 134 | instructed above.</para></note>
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| 135 | </sect3>
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[d7a9c28] | 136 |
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[f35b22f] | 137 | <sect3><title>Setting Up a Shadow Directory</title>
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| 138 | <para>When building <application>Xorg</application> you should create
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| 139 | a shadow directory of symbolic links for the compiled code. To do that, we first
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| 140 | make the <application>lndir</application>. Starting from the
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| 141 | <filename class='directory'>xc</filename> directory:</para>
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| 142 |
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| 143 | <screen><userinput><command>pushd config/util &&
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| 144 | make -f Makefile.ini lndir &&
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| 145 | cp lndir /usr/bin/ &&
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| 146 | popd</command></userinput></screen>
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| 147 |
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| 148 | <para>Now create the shadow tree:</para>
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| 149 |
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| 150 | <screen><userinput><command>mkdir ../xcbuild &&
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| 151 | cd ../xcbuild &&
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| 152 | lndir ../xc</command></userinput></screen>
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| 153 | </sect3>
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| 154 |
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| 155 | <sect3><title>Creating <filename>host.def</filename></title>
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| 156 | <para>The next step is to create the <filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> file.
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| 157 | The documentation for <application>Xorg</application> indicates that the
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| 158 | application will build without a <filename>host.def</filename> file, but
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| 159 | the included libraries for <application>fontconfig</application> and
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| 160 | <application>freetype2</application> do not build properly on a base LFS system so
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| 161 | we must specify that we have those and some other libraries too.</para>
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| 162 |
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| 163 | <note><para><filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> is a C file, not a shell
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| 164 | script. Be sure to make sure the comments delimited by /* ... */ are
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| 165 | balanced when modifying the file. </para></note>
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| 166 |
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| 167 |
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| 168 | <screen><userinput><command>cat > config/cf/host.def << "EOF"</command>
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| 169 | /* Begin Xorg host.def file */
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| 170 |
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| 171 | /* System Related Information. If you read and configure only one
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| 172 | * section then it should be this one. The Intel architecture defaults are
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| 173 | * set for a i686 and higher. Axp is for the Alpha architecture and Ppc is
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| 174 | * for the Power PC. AMD64 is for the Opteron processor. Note that there have
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| 175 | * been reports that the Ppc optimization line causes segmentation faults during
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| 176 | * build. If that happens, try building without the DefaultGcc2PpcOpt line. ***********/
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| 177 |
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| 178 | /* #define DefaultGcc2i386Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce -fno-strict-aliasing -march=i686 */
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| 179 | /* #define DefaultGccAMD64Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce -fno-strict-aliasing */
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| 180 | /* #define DefaultGcc2AxpOpt -O2 -mcpu=ev6 */
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| 181 | /* #define DefaultGcc2PpcOpt -O2 -mcpu=750 */
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| 182 |
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| 183 | #define HasFreetype2 YES
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| 184 | #define HasFontconfig YES
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| 185 | #define HasExpat YES
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| 186 | #define HasLibpng YES
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| 187 | #define HasZlib YES
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| 188 |
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| 189 | /*
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| 190 | * Which drivers to build. When building a static server, each of these
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| 191 | * will be included in it. When building the loadable server each of these
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| 192 | * modules will be built.
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| 193 | *
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| 194 | #define XF86CardDrivers mga glint nv tga s3virge sis rendition \
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| 195 | neomagic i740 tdfx savage \
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| 196 | cirrus vmware tseng trident chips apm \
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| 197 | GlideDriver fbdev i128 \
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| 198 | ati AgpGartDrivers DevelDrivers ark cyrix \
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| 199 | siliconmotion \
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| 200 | vesa vga XF86OSCardDrivers XF86ExtraCardDrivers
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| 201 | */
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| 202 |
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| 203 | /*
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| 204 | * Select the XInput devices you want by uncommenting this.
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| 205 | *
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| 206 | #define XInputDrivers mouse keyboard acecad calcomp citron \
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| 207 | digitaledge dmc dynapro elographics \
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| 208 | microtouch mutouch penmount spaceorb summa \
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| 209 | wacom void magictouch aiptek
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| 210 | */
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| 211 |
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| 212 | /* Most installs will only need this */
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| 213 |
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| 214 | #define XInputDrivers mouse keyboard
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| 215 |
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| 216 |
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| 217 | /* End Xorg host.def file */
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| 218 | <command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
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| 219 |
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| 220 | <para>There are several other options that you may want to consider. A well documented
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| 221 | example file is <filename>config/cf/xorgsite.cf</filename>.</para>
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| 222 | </sect3>
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| 223 |
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| 224 | <sect3>
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| 225 | <title>Build Commands</title>
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| 226 | <para>Install <application>Xorg</application> by running the following commands:</para>
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| 227 |
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| 228 |
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| 229 | <screen><userinput><command>( make World 2>&1 | tee xorg-compile.log && exit $PIPESTATUS ) &&
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| 230 | make install &&
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| 231 | make install.man &&
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| 232 | ln -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11 &&
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| 233 | ln -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11 &&
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| 234 | ln -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</command></userinput></screen>
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| 235 |
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| 236 | </sect3>
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| 237 |
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| 238 | <sect3>
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| 239 | <title>Updating Direct Rendering Infrastructure (<acronym>DRI</acronym>)</title>
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| 240 | <para>If you have one of the supported <acronym>DRI</acronym> cards and
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| 241 | have enabled <acronym>DRI</acronym> kernel modules as explained
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| 242 | above, you now need to update the kernel modules to ensure they are compatible with the
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| 243 | current version of <application>Xorg</application>. To do this, perform the following:</para>
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| 244 |
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[8412f1c] | 245 | <screen><userinput><command>cd programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/os-support/linux/drm/kernel &&
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[f35b22f] | 246 | make CC=/opt/gcc-2.95.3/bin/gcc -f Makefile.linux &&
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| 247 | mkdir -p /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/ &&
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| 248 | cp gamma.o radeon.o sis.o r128.o i810.o i830.o mga.o tdfx.o \
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| 249 | /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/ &&
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| 250 | depmod -a</command></userinput></screen>
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| 251 |
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| 252 | <warning><para>If you recompile or upgrade your kernel, you will need to re-copy the
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| 253 | appropriate driver module(s)
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| 254 | to the kernel module library and rerun the <command>depmod -a</command> command.</para></warning>
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| 255 |
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| 256 | <note><para>If you created <acronym>AGP</acronym> support as a module when compiling
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| 257 | the kernel, you may have to add a line to <filename>/etc/modules.conf</filename> to ensure
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| 258 | the agpgart module is loaded. For instance, the <acronym>AGP</acronym> version of the
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| 259 | Radeon video card will use the <filename>radeon.o</filename> driver. It will
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| 260 | need to have the line <screen>below radeon agpgart</screen> in
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| 261 | <filename>/etc/modules.conf</filename> to enable <acronym>DRI</acronym> support.</para></note>
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| 262 | </sect3>
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[d7a9c28] | 263 | </sect2>
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| 264 |
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[f35b22f] | 265 | <sect2>
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| 266 | <title>Command explanations</title>
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| 267 |
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| 268 | <para><command>( make World 2>&1 | tee xorg-compile.log
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| 269 | && exit $PIPESTATUS )</command>:
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| 270 | This command runs multiple makefiles to completely rebuild the system.
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| 271 | <parameter>2>&1</parameter> redirects error messages
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| 272 | to the same location as normal output. The <command>tee</command> command
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| 273 | allows viewing of the output while logging the results to a file. The parentheses
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| 274 | around the command run the entire comand in a subshell and finally the
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| 275 | <command>exit $PIPESTATUS</command> ensures the result of the <command>make</command>
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| 276 | is returned as the result and not the result of the <command>tee</command> command.</para>
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| 277 |
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| 278 | <note><para>When rebuilding <application>Xorg</application>, a separate command that may
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| 279 | be used if only minor changes are made to the sources is <command>make
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| 280 | Everything</command>. This does not automatically remove generated
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| 281 | files and only rebuilds those files or programs that are out
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| 282 | of date.</para></note>
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| 283 |
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| 284 | <para><screen><command>ln -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11
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| 285 | ln -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11
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| 286 | ln -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</command></screen>
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| 287 | These commands are present to enable other (broken) packages to build
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| 288 | against <application>Xorg</application>. We do this even though the i
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| 289 | Filesystem Hierarchy Standard says:
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| 290 | "In general, software must not be installed or managed via the above
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| 291 | symbolic links. They are intended for utilization by users only."</para>
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| 292 |
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| 293 | <para><command>make CC=/opt/gcc-2.95.3/bin/gcc -f Makefile.linux</command>: This builds the
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| 294 | <application>Xorg</application> compatible kernel modules using the same compiler used to compile
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| 295 | the kernel.</para>
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| 296 |
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| 297 | <para><command>cp gamma.o radeon.o sis.o r128.o i810.o i830.o mga.o tdfx.o
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| 298 | /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/</command>: Put the kernel
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| 299 | module(s) where the kernel can find them. You only need to copy the driver you
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| 300 | need to support your video card.</para>
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| 301 |
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| 302 | <para><command>depmod -a</command>: Update the modules.dep file for module
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| 303 | management.</para>
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[d7a9c28] | 304 |
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[f35b22f] | 305 | </sect2>
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[d7a9c28] | 306 |
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[f35b22f] | 307 | <sect2>
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| 308 | <title>Configuring Xorg</title>
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[d7a9c28] | 309 |
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[f35b22f] | 310 | <para>Edit <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> and add
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| 311 | <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib</filename>.
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| 312 | Run</para> <screen><userinput><command>ldconfig</command></userinput></screen>
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| 313 |
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| 314 | <para>Add <filename class='directory'>/usr/X11R6/bin</filename> to your
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| 315 | <envar>PATH</envar> environment
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| 316 | variable in <filename>.bash_profile</filename> or <filename>/etc/profile</filename>.
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| 317 | The statement should look something like <parameter>PATH=$PATH:/usr/X11R6/bin</parameter>
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| 318 | and be placed before the <command>export PATH</command>
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| 319 | statement.</para>
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| 320 |
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| 321 | <para>Expand the <envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar> so that other packages
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| 322 | can find <application>Xorg</application> libraries. Add the following line to
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| 323 | <filename>.bash_profile</filename> for root user:</para>
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| 324 | <screen><userinput><command>export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/X11R6/lib/pkgconfig</command></userinput></screen>
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| 325 |
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| 326 | <para>Run</para>
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| 327 | <screen><userinput><command>source ~/.bash_profile</command></userinput></screen>
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| 328 |
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| 329 | <para>Set up your mouse:
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| 330 | <screen><userinput><command>ln -s psaux /dev/mouse</command></userinput></screen>
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| 331 |
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| 332 | Adjust the symbolic link as necessary for other types of mice. For instance,
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| 333 | a serial mouse on the first serial port would be linked to ttyS1.</para>
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| 334 |
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| 335 | <para>Create the <filename>xorg.conf</filename> file with
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| 336 | <screen><userinput><command>cd ~
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| 337 | Xorg -configure</command></userinput></screen>
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| 338 | The screen will go black and you may hear some clicking of the monitor. This
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[8412f1c] | 339 | command will create a file, <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> in your home
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[f35b22f] | 340 | directory.</para>
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| 341 |
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[8412f1c] | 342 | <para>Edit <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> to suit your system. The
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[f35b22f] | 343 | details of the file are located in the man
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| 344 | page <command>man xorg.conf</command>. Some things you may want to
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| 345 | do are:</para>
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| 346 |
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| 347 | <itemizedlist>
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| 348 |
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| 349 | <listitem><para>Section "Files". Change the order of the font paths searched.
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| 350 | You may want to put 100dpi fonts ahead of 75dpi fonts if your system normally
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| 351 | comes up closer to 100 dots per inch. You may want to remove some font
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| 352 | directories completely.</para></listitem>
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| 353 |
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| 354 | <listitem><para>Section "Monitor". Specify the <parameter>VertRefresh</parameter>
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| 355 | and <parameter>HorizSync</parameter> values if the system does not automatically
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| 356 | detect the monitor and its values.</para></listitem>
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| 357 |
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| 358 | <listitem><para>Section "InputDevice". You may want to change the keyboard
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| 359 | autorepeat rate by
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| 360 | adding <parameter>Option "Autorepeat" "250 30"</parameter>.</para></listitem>
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| 361 |
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| 362 | <listitem><para>Section "Device". You may want to set some of the options
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| 363 | available for your selected video driver. A description of the driver
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| 364 | parameters is in the man page for your driver.</para></listitem>
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| 365 |
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| 366 | <listitem><para>Section "Screen". Add a DefaultDepth statement such
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| 367 | as: <parameter>DefaultDepth 16</parameter>. In the SubSection for your
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| 368 | default depth, add a modes line such
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| 369 | as: <parameter> Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768"</parameter>.
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| 370 | The first mode listed will normally be the starting
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| 371 | resolution.</para></listitem>
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| 372 |
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| 373 | </itemizedlist>
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| 374 | <para>Test the system with
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| 375 | <screen><userinput><command>Xorg -config ~/xorg.new</command></userinput></screen>
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| 376 | You will only get a gray background with an X-shaped mouse cursor, but it
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| 377 | confirms the system is working. Exit with Control-Alt-Backspace. If the
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| 378 | system does not work, take a look
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| 379 | at <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> to see what went
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| 380 | wrong.</para>
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| 381 |
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| 382 | <para>Move the configuration file to its final location</para>
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[8412f1c] | 383 | <screen><userinput><command>mv ~/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</command></userinput></screen>
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[f35b22f] | 384 |
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| 385 | <para>Create <filename>.xinitrc</filename>
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| 386 | <screen><userinput><command>cat > ~/.xinitrc << "EOF"</command>
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| 387 | # Begin .xinitrc file
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| 388 | xterm -g 80x40+0+0 &
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| 389 | xclock -g 100x100-0+0 &
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| 390 | twm
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| 391 | <command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
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| 392 | This provides an initial screen with an xterm and a clock that is managed by a
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| 393 | simple window manager, Tab Window Manager. For details of twm, see the
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| 394 | man page.</para>
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| 395 |
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| 396 | <note>
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| 397 |
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| 398 | <para>When needed, <application>Xorg</application> creates the directory
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| 399 | <filename>/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> if it does not exist. If this directory is
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| 400 | not owned by root, <application>Xorg</application> delays startup by a few seconds
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| 401 | and also appends a warning to the logfile. This also affects startup of other
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| 402 | applications. To improve performance, it is advisable to manually create the directory
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| 403 | before Xorg uses it. Add the file creation to <filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename>
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| 404 | that is sourced by the
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| 405 | <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs</filename> startup script.</para>
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| 406 |
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| 407 | <screen><userinput><command>cat >> /etc/sysconfig/createfiles << "EOF"</command>
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| 408 | /tmp/.ICE-unix dir 1777 root root
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| 409 | <command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
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| 410 |
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| 411 | </note>
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| 412 |
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| 413 | <para>Start <application>X</application> with
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| 414 | <screen><userinput><command>startx</command></userinput></screen>
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| 415 | to get basic functional <application>X</application> Window System.</para>
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[d7a9c28] | 416 |
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[f35b22f] | 417 | <para>At this point, you should check out the X Window Components at
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| 418 | <xref linkend='x-setup'/>.</para>
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| 419 |
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| 420 | </sect2>
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[d7a9c28] | 421 | </sect1>
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