1 | <sect1 id="xorg" xreflabel="X.org-&xorg-version;">
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2 | <?dbhtml filename="xorg.html"?>
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3 | <title>Xorg-&xorg-version;</title>
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4 |
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5 |
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6 | <sect2>
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7 | <title>Introduction to <application>Xorg</application></title>
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8 |
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9 | <note><para>There are two packages in BLFS that implement the <application>X</application>
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10 | Window System: <application>Xorg</application> and <application>XFree86</application>.
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11 | These packages are quite similar. In fact the base system of <application>Xorg</application>
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12 | is <application>XFree86</application>-RC2. The primary difference as of this writing is
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13 | the license provisions of the packages. For someone building a package for their own use,
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14 | these issues are not significant. Most large commercial distributions have decided
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15 | to use the <application>Xorg</application> package, but several still use
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16 | <application>XFree86</application>.</para>
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17 |
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18 | <para>A second reason for the forking of X packages is the stated goals of the
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19 | developers. Some developers were unhappy with the administration and progress of
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20 | <application>XFree86</application>. Xorg's future plans include significant
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21 | improvements to the internals of the system and more frequent releases.</para>
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22 |
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23 | <para><application>XFree86</application> continues to be a solid, conservitive
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24 | application with excellent driver support.</para>
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25 |
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26 | <para>Both <application>Xorg</application> and <application>XFree86</application>
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27 | can be installed in the same way, but this section will provide a slightly
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28 | different and more current variation for installation.</para>
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29 | </note>
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30 |
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31 |
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32 | <para><application>Xorg</application> is a freely redistributable open-source
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33 | implementation of the <application>X</application> Window System.
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34 | This application provides a client/server interface between display
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35 | hardware (the mouse, keyboard, and video displays) and the desktop environment
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36 | while also providing both the windowing infrastructure and a standardized
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37 | application interface (<acronym>API</acronym>).</para>
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38 |
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39 | <sect3><title>Package information</title>
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40 | <itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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41 | <listitem><para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-http;"/></para></listitem>
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42 | <listitem><para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-ftp;"/></para></listitem>
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43 | <listitem><para>Download size: &xorg-size;</para></listitem>
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44 | <listitem><para>Estimated Disk space required: &xorg-buildsize;</para></listitem>
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45 | <listitem><para>Estimated build time: &xorg-time;</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
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46 | </sect3>
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47 |
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48 |
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49 | <sect3><title><application>Xorg</application> Dependencies</title>
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50 |
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51 | <sect4><title>Required</title>
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52 | <para><xref linkend="libpng"/>, <xref linkend="expat"/>, <xref linkend="freetype2"/>
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53 | and <xref linkend="fontconfig"/>.</para>
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54 | </sect4>
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55 |
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56 | </sect3>
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57 |
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58 |
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59 | <sect3><title>Download Instructions</title>
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60 |
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61 | <para>There are several files that need to be fetched from the download location:</para>
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62 | <itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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63 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src1.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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64 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src2.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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65 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src3.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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66 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src4.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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67 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src5.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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68 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src6.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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69 | <listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src7.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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70 | </itemizedlist>
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71 |
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72 | <para>The first package contains the <application>Xorg</application> libraries and
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73 | support programs, the second contains standard X programs, the third contains the
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74 | X server, the fourth and fifth are fonts, the sixth is normal documentation, and the seventh
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75 | is hardcopy documentation.</para>
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76 |
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77 | <para>To check your downloads for integrity, download the <filename>md5sums</filename>
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78 | file. Then:</para>
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79 |
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80 | <screen><userinput><command>md5sum -c md5sums</command></userinput></screen>
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81 |
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82 | <para>All seven packages should give an OK status.</para>
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83 | </sect3>
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84 | </sect2>
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85 |
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86 | <sect2>
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87 | <title>Installation of <application>Xorg</application></title>
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88 |
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89 |
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90 | <sect3>
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91 | <title>Kernel Compilation Settings</title>
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92 | <para>If you have an Intel P6 (Pentium Pro, Pentium II and later) it is recommended
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93 | that you compile <acronym>MTRR</acronym> (Memory Type Range Registers) support into the kernel.
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94 | The kernel can map Cyrix and AMD <acronym>CPU</acronym>s to the
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95 | <acronym>MTRR</acronym> interface so selecting this
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96 | option is useful for those processors also. This option is found in the
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97 | "Processor type and features" menu. It can increase performance of
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98 | image write operations 2.5 times or more on <acronym>PCI</acronym> or
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99 | <acronym>AGP</acronym> video cards.</para>
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100 |
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101 | <para>In the "Character Devices" section, enable <acronym>AGP</acronym> Support and
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102 | select the chipset support on your motherboard. If you do not know the chipset,
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103 | you may select all the chip types at the expense of extra kernel size. You can usually
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104 | determine your motherboard's chipset by doing:</para>
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105 | <screen><userinput><command>cat /proc/pci</command></userinput></screen>
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106 |
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107 | <para>In the "Character Devices" section, <emphasis>disable</emphasis> Direct
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108 | Rendering Manager unless you have a Direct Rendering Infrastructure
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109 | (<acronym>DRI</acronym>)
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110 | supported video card. A complete list of <acronym>DRI</acronym> supported video cards can
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111 | be found at <ulink url="http://dri.sourceforge.net" /> in the Status section.
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112 | Currently, supported cards include those from 3dfx (Voodoo, Banshee), 3Dlabs,
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113 | ATI (Rage Pro, Rage 128,
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114 | Radeon 7X00, Radeon 2), Intel (i810, i815), and Matrox (G200, G400, G450).
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115 | If you do enable <acronym>DRI</acronym> here, make sure you select the video card(s) you want
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116 | to support as a <emphasis>module</emphasis>.</para>
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117 |
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118 | <para>Additionally NVidia provides their own closed source binary drivers,
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119 | which do not make use of <acronym>DRI</acronym>. If you intend to use these drivers,
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120 | do not enable <acronym>DRI</acronym>.</para>
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121 |
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122 | <para>If you made any changes to the kernel configuration, recompile the kernel.</para>
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123 |
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124 | <para>Copy the <filename>arch/i386/boot/bzImage</filename> and <filename>System.map</filename>
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125 | from the kernel build directory to <filename class='directory'>/boot</filename>.
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126 | Edit <filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename> and add the new kernel to the
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127 | boot menu.
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128 | (If you use lilo, edit <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> and run <filename>lilo</filename>.)
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129 | </para>
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130 |
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131 | <note><para>If you build <application>Xorg</application> in a chroot environment,
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132 | make sure the kernel version of the base system and the target system are the same.
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133 | This is especially important if you enabled <acronym>DRI</acronym> support as a module as
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134 | instructed above.</para></note>
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135 | </sect3>
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136 |
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137 | <sect3><title>Setting Up a Shadow Directory</title>
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138 | <para>When building <application>Xorg</application> you should create
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139 | a shadow directory of symbolic links for the compiled code. To do that, we first
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140 | make the <application>lndir</application>. Starting from the
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141 | <filename class='directory'>xc</filename> directory:</para>
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142 |
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143 | <screen><userinput><command>pushd config/util &&
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144 | make -f Makefile.ini lndir &&
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145 | cp lndir /usr/bin/ &&
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146 | popd</command></userinput></screen>
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147 |
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148 | <para>Now create the shadow tree:</para>
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149 |
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150 | <screen><userinput><command>mkdir ../xcbuild &&
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151 | cd ../xcbuild &&
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152 | lndir ../xc</command></userinput></screen>
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153 | </sect3>
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154 |
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155 | <sect3><title>Creating <filename>host.def</filename></title>
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156 | <para>The next step is to create the <filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> file.
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157 | The documentation for <application>Xorg</application> indicates that the
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158 | application will build without a <filename>host.def</filename> file, but
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159 | the included libraries for <application>fontconfig</application> and
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160 | <application>freetype2</application> do not build properly on a base LFS system so
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161 | we must specify that we have those and some other libraries too.</para>
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162 |
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163 | <note><para><filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> is a C file, not a shell
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164 | script. Be sure to make sure the comments delimited by /* ... */ are
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165 | balanced when modifying the file. </para></note>
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166 |
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167 |
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168 | <screen><userinput><command>cat > config/cf/host.def << "EOF"</command>
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169 | /* Begin Xorg host.def file */
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170 |
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171 | /* System Related Information. If you read and configure only one
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172 | * section then it should be this one. The Intel architecture defaults are
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173 | * set for a i686 and higher. Axp is for the Alpha architecture and Ppc is
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174 | * for the Power PC. AMD64 is for the Opteron processor. Note that there have
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175 | * been reports that the Ppc optimization line causes segmentation faults during
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176 | * build. If that happens, try building without the DefaultGcc2PpcOpt line. ***********/
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177 |
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178 | /* #define DefaultGcc2i386Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce -fno-strict-aliasing -march=i686 */
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179 | /* #define DefaultGccAMD64Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce -fno-strict-aliasing */
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180 | /* #define DefaultGcc2AxpOpt -O2 -mcpu=ev6 */
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181 | /* #define DefaultGcc2PpcOpt -O2 -mcpu=750 */
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182 |
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183 | #define HasFreetype2 YES
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184 | #define HasFontconfig YES
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185 | #define HasExpat YES
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186 | #define HasLibpng YES
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187 | #define HasZlib YES
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188 |
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189 | /*
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190 | * Which drivers to build. When building a static server, each of these
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191 | * will be included in it. When building the loadable server each of these
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192 | * modules will be built.
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193 | *
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194 | #define XF86CardDrivers mga glint nv tga s3virge sis rendition \
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195 | neomagic i740 tdfx savage \
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196 | cirrus vmware tseng trident chips apm \
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197 | GlideDriver fbdev i128 \
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198 | ati AgpGartDrivers DevelDrivers ark cyrix \
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199 | siliconmotion \
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200 | vesa vga XF86OSCardDrivers XF86ExtraCardDrivers
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201 | */
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202 |
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203 | /*
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204 | * Select the XInput devices you want by uncommenting this.
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205 | *
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206 | #define XInputDrivers mouse keyboard acecad calcomp citron \
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207 | digitaledge dmc dynapro elographics \
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208 | microtouch mutouch penmount spaceorb summa \
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209 | wacom void magictouch aiptek
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210 | */
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211 |
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212 | /* Most installs will only need this */
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213 |
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214 | #define XInputDrivers mouse keyboard
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215 |
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216 |
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217 | /* End Xorg host.def file */
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218 | <command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
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219 |
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220 | <para>There are several other options that you may want to consider. A well documented
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221 | example file is <filename>config/cf/xorgsite.cf</filename>.</para>
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222 | </sect3>
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223 |
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224 | <sect3>
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225 | <title>Build Commands</title>
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226 | <para>Install <application>Xorg</application> by running the following commands:</para>
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227 |
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228 |
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229 | <screen><userinput><command>( make World 2>&1 | tee xorg-compile.log && exit $PIPESTATUS ) &&
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230 | make install &&
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231 | make install.man &&
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232 | ln -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11 &&
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233 | ln -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11 &&
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234 | ln -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</command></userinput></screen>
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235 |
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236 | </sect3>
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237 |
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238 | <sect3>
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239 | <title>Updating Direct Rendering Infrastructure (<acronym>DRI</acronym>)</title>
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240 | <para>If you have one of the supported <acronym>DRI</acronym> cards and
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241 | have enabled <acronym>DRI</acronym> kernel modules as explained
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242 | above, you now need to update the kernel modules to ensure they are compatible with the
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243 | current version of <application>Xorg</application>. To do this, perform the following:</para>
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244 |
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245 | <screen><userinput><command>cd programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/os-support/linux/drm/kernel &&
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246 | make CC=/opt/gcc-2.95.3/bin/gcc -f Makefile.linux &&
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247 | mkdir -p /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/ &&
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248 | cp gamma.o radeon.o sis.o r128.o i810.o i830.o mga.o tdfx.o \
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249 | /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/ &&
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250 | depmod -a</command></userinput></screen>
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251 |
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252 | <warning><para>If you recompile or upgrade your kernel, you will need to re-copy the
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253 | appropriate driver module(s)
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254 | to the kernel module library and rerun the <command>depmod -a</command> command.</para></warning>
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255 |
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256 | <note><para>If you created <acronym>AGP</acronym> support as a module when compiling
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257 | the kernel, you may have to add a line to <filename>/etc/modules.conf</filename> to ensure
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258 | the agpgart module is loaded. For instance, the <acronym>AGP</acronym> version of the
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259 | Radeon video card will use the <filename>radeon.o</filename> driver. It will
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260 | need to have the line <screen>below radeon agpgart</screen> in
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261 | <filename>/etc/modules.conf</filename> to enable <acronym>DRI</acronym> support.</para></note>
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262 | </sect3>
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263 | </sect2>
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264 |
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265 | <sect2>
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266 | <title>Command explanations</title>
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267 |
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268 | <para><command>( make World 2>&1 | tee xorg-compile.log
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269 | && exit $PIPESTATUS )</command>:
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270 | This command runs multiple makefiles to completely rebuild the system.
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271 | <parameter>2>&1</parameter> redirects error messages
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272 | to the same location as normal output. The <command>tee</command> command
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273 | allows viewing of the output while logging the results to a file. The parentheses
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274 | around the command run the entire comand in a subshell and finally the
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275 | <command>exit $PIPESTATUS</command> ensures the result of the <command>make</command>
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276 | is returned as the result and not the result of the <command>tee</command> command.</para>
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277 |
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278 | <note><para>When rebuilding <application>Xorg</application>, a separate command that may
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279 | be used if only minor changes are made to the sources is <command>make
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280 | Everything</command>. This does not automatically remove generated
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281 | files and only rebuilds those files or programs that are out
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282 | of date.</para></note>
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283 |
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284 | <para><screen><command>ln -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11
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285 | ln -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11
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286 | ln -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</command></screen>
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287 | These commands are present to enable other (broken) packages to build
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288 | against <application>Xorg</application>. We do this even though the i
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289 | Filesystem Hierarchy Standard says:
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290 | "In general, software must not be installed or managed via the above
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291 | symbolic links. They are intended for utilization by users only."</para>
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292 |
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293 | <para><command>make CC=/opt/gcc-2.95.3/bin/gcc -f Makefile.linux</command>: This builds the
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294 | <application>Xorg</application> compatible kernel modules using the same compiler used to compile
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295 | the kernel.</para>
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296 |
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297 | <para><command>cp gamma.o radeon.o sis.o r128.o i810.o i830.o mga.o tdfx.o
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298 | /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/</command>: Put the kernel
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299 | module(s) where the kernel can find them. You only need to copy the driver you
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300 | need to support your video card.</para>
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301 |
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302 | <para><command>depmod -a</command>: Update the modules.dep file for module
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303 | management.</para>
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304 |
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305 | </sect2>
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306 |
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307 | <sect2>
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308 | <title>Configuring Xorg</title>
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309 |
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310 | <para>Edit <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> and add
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311 | <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib</filename>.
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312 | Run</para> <screen><userinput><command>ldconfig</command></userinput></screen>
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313 |
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314 | <para>Add <filename class='directory'>/usr/X11R6/bin</filename> to your
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315 | <envar>PATH</envar> environment
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316 | variable in <filename>.bash_profile</filename> or <filename>/etc/profile</filename>.
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317 | The statement should look something like <parameter>PATH=$PATH:/usr/X11R6/bin</parameter>
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318 | and be placed before the <command>export PATH</command>
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319 | statement.</para>
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320 |
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321 | <para>Expand the <envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar> so that other packages
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322 | can find <application>Xorg</application> libraries. Add the following line to
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323 | <filename>.bash_profile</filename> for root user:</para>
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324 | <screen><userinput><command>export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/X11R6/lib/pkgconfig</command></userinput></screen>
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325 |
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326 | <para>Run</para>
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327 | <screen><userinput><command>source ~/.bash_profile</command></userinput></screen>
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328 |
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329 | <para>Set up your mouse:
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330 | <screen><userinput><command>ln -s psaux /dev/mouse</command></userinput></screen>
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331 |
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332 | Adjust the symbolic link as necessary for other types of mice. For instance,
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333 | a serial mouse on the first serial port would be linked to ttyS1.</para>
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334 |
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335 | <para>Create the <filename>xorg.conf</filename> file with
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336 | <screen><userinput><command>cd ~
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337 | Xorg -configure</command></userinput></screen>
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338 | The screen will go black and you may hear some clicking of the monitor. This
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339 | command will create a file, <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> in your home
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340 | directory.</para>
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341 |
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342 | <para>Edit <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> to suit your system. The
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343 | details of the file are located in the man
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344 | page <command>man xorg.conf</command>. Some things you may want to
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345 | do are:</para>
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346 |
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347 | <itemizedlist>
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348 |
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349 | <listitem><para>Section "Files". Change the order of the font paths searched.
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350 | You may want to put 100dpi fonts ahead of 75dpi fonts if your system normally
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351 | comes up closer to 100 dots per inch. You may want to remove some font
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352 | directories completely.</para></listitem>
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353 |
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354 | <listitem><para>Section "Monitor". Specify the <parameter>VertRefresh</parameter>
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355 | and <parameter>HorizSync</parameter> values if the system does not automatically
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356 | detect the monitor and its values.</para></listitem>
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357 |
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358 | <listitem><para>Section "InputDevice". You may want to change the keyboard
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359 | autorepeat rate by
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360 | adding <parameter>Option "Autorepeat" "250 30"</parameter>.</para></listitem>
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361 |
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362 | <listitem><para>Section "Device". You may want to set some of the options
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363 | available for your selected video driver. A description of the driver
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364 | parameters is in the man page for your driver.</para></listitem>
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365 |
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366 | <listitem><para>Section "Screen". Add a DefaultDepth statement such
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367 | as: <parameter>DefaultDepth 16</parameter>. In the SubSection for your
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368 | default depth, add a modes line such
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369 | as: <parameter> Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768"</parameter>.
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370 | The first mode listed will normally be the starting
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371 | resolution.</para></listitem>
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372 |
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373 | </itemizedlist>
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374 | <para>Test the system with
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375 | <screen><userinput><command>Xorg -config ~/xorg.conf.new</command></userinput></screen>
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376 | You will only get a gray background with an X-shaped mouse cursor, but it
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377 | confirms the system is working. Exit with Control-Alt-Backspace. If the
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378 | system does not work, take a look
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379 | at <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> to see what went
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380 | wrong.</para>
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381 |
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382 | <para>Move the configuration file to its final location</para>
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383 | <screen><userinput><command>mv ~/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</command></userinput></screen>
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384 |
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385 | <para>Create <filename>.xinitrc</filename>
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386 | <screen><userinput><command>cat > ~/.xinitrc << "EOF"</command>
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387 | # Begin .xinitrc file
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388 | xterm -g 80x40+0+0 &
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389 | xclock -g 100x100-0+0 &
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390 | twm
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391 | <command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
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392 | This provides an initial screen with an xterm and a clock that is managed by a
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393 | simple window manager, Tab Window Manager. For details of twm, see the
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394 | man page.</para>
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395 |
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396 | <note>
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397 |
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398 | <para>When needed, <application>Xorg</application> creates the directory
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399 | <filename>/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> if it does not exist. If this directory is
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400 | not owned by root, <application>Xorg</application> delays startup by a few seconds
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401 | and also appends a warning to the logfile. This also affects startup of other
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402 | applications. To improve performance, it is advisable to manually create the directory
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403 | before Xorg uses it. Add the file creation to <filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename>
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404 | that is sourced by the
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405 | <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs</filename> startup script.</para>
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406 |
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407 | <screen><userinput><command>cat >> /etc/sysconfig/createfiles << "EOF"</command>
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408 | /tmp/.ICE-unix dir 1777 root root
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409 | <command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
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410 |
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411 | </note>
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412 |
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413 | <para>Start <application>X</application> with
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414 | <screen><userinput><command>startx</command></userinput></screen>
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415 | to get basic functional <application>X</application> Window System.</para>
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416 |
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417 | <para>At this point, you should check out the X Window Components at
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418 | <xref linkend='x-setup'/>.</para>
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419 |
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420 | </sect2>
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421 | </sect1>
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