[49e162b] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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| 7 | <!ENTITY chromium-download-http "https://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/chromium-browser-official/chromium-&chromium-version;.tar.xz">
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| 8 | <!ENTITY chromium-download-ftp " ">
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[43672ca] | 9 | <!ENTITY chromium-md5sum "07c7231180b9122d5389e77536a7271b">
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[47eea61] | 10 | <!ENTITY chromium-size "458 MB">
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[7be7f036] | 11 | <!ENTITY chromium-buildsize "5.0 GB">
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[43672ca] | 12 | <!ENTITY chromium-time "95 SBU">
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[47eea61] | 13 | <!-- Ninja defaults to parallel build unless supplying -j1, SBU measured on
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| 14 | dual core, hyperthreaded CPU (4 threads). -->
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[49e162b] | 15 | ]>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <sect1 id="chromium" xreflabel="Chromium-&chromium-version;">
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| 18 | <?dbhtml filename="chromium.html"?>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <sect1info>
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| 21 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 22 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 23 | </sect1info>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <title>Chromium-&chromium-version;</title>
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| 26 |
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| 27 | <indexterm zone="chromium">
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| 28 | <primary sortas="a-Chromium">Chromium</primary>
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| 29 | </indexterm>
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| 30 |
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| 31 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 32 | <title>Introduction to Chromium</title>
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| 33 |
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| 34 | <para><application>Chromium</application> is an open-source browser project
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| 35 | that aims to build a safer, faster, and more stable way for all users to
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| 36 | experience the web.</para>
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| 37 |
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| 38 | &lfs7a_checked;
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| 39 |
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| 40 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 41 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 42 | <listitem>
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| 43 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&chromium-download-http;"/></para>
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| 44 | </listitem>
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| 45 | <!-- <listitem>
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| 46 | <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&chromium-download-ftp;"/></para>
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| 47 | </listitem> -->
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| 48 | <listitem>
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| 49 | <para>Download MD5 sum: &chromium-md5sum;</para>
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| 50 | </listitem>
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| 51 | <listitem>
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| 52 | <para>Download size: &chromium-size;</para>
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| 53 | </listitem>
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| 54 | <listitem>
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| 55 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &chromium-buildsize;</para>
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| 56 | </listitem>
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| 57 | <listitem>
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| 58 | <para>Estimated build time: &chromium-time;</para>
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| 59 | </listitem>
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| 60 | </itemizedlist>
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| 61 |
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| 62 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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| 63 | <note><para>Download this file via wget as:</para>
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| 64 | <screen><userinput>wget https://github.com/foutrelis/chromium-launcher/archive/v3.tar.gz \
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| 65 | -O chromium-launcher-3.tar.gz</userinput></screen>
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| 66 | </note>
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| 67 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 68 | <listitem>
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[47eea61] | 69 | <para>Optional launcher (to use the Flash Player PPAPI plugin):
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[49e162b] | 70 | <ulink url="https://github.com/foutrelis/chromium-launcher/archive/v3.tar.gz"/>
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| 71 | </para>
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| 72 | </listitem>
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| 73 | <listitem>
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[47eea61] | 74 | <para>Optional Chrome distribution (to copy widevine plugin):
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| 75 | <ulink url="http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/pool/main/g/google-chrome-stable/google-chrome-stable_&chromium-version;-1_amd64.deb"/> or
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| 76 | <ulink url="http://mirror.retrosnub.co.uk/apt/google/pool/main/g/google-chrome-stable/google-chrome-stable_48.0.2564.116-1_i386.deb"/>
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| 77 | (i386 is no longer officially supported)</para>
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| 78 | </listitem>
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| 79 | <listitem>
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| 80 | <para>Optional Flash Player plugin:
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[43672ca] | 81 | <ulink url="https://fpdownload.adobe.com/pub/flashplayer/pdc/23.0.0.207/flash_player_ppapi_linux.x86_64.tar.gz"/> or
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| 82 | <ulink url="https://fpdownload.adobe.com/pub/flashplayer/pdc/23.0.0.207/flash_player_ppapi_linux.i386.tar.gz"/>
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[49e162b] | 83 | </para>
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| 84 | </listitem>
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| 85 | </itemizedlist>
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| 86 |
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| 87 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Chromium Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 88 |
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| 89 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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| 90 | <para role="required">
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| 91 | <xref linkend="alsa-lib"/>,
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| 92 | <xref linkend="cups"/>,
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| 93 | <xref linkend="desktop-file-utils"/>,
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| 94 | <xref linkend="dbus"/>,
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[f57918e] | 95 | <xref linkend="perl-file-basedir"/>,
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[49e162b] | 96 | <xref linkend="gtk2"/>,
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| 97 | <xref linkend="hicolor-icon-theme"/>,
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[7add59a9] | 98 | <xref linkend="mitkrb"/>,
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[49e162b] | 99 | <xref linkend="mesa"/>,
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| 100 | <xref linkend="ninja"/>,
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| 101 | <xref linkend="nss"/>,
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[7add59a9] | 102 | <xref linkend="python2"/>,
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| 103 | <xref linkend="usbutils"/>, and
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[49e162b] | 104 | <xref linkend="x-window-system"/>
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| 105 | </para>
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| 106 |
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| 107 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
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| 108 | <para role="recommended">
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| 109 | <xref linkend="flac"/>,
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[47eea61] | 110 | <xref linkend="git"/>,
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[49e162b] | 111 | <xref linkend="libevent"/>,
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| 112 | <xref linkend="libexif"/>,
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| 113 | <xref linkend="libsecret"/>,
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[47eea61] | 114 | <xref linkend="libwebp"/>,
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[49e162b] | 115 | <xref linkend="pciutils"/>,
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| 116 | <xref linkend="pulseaudio"/>,
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| 117 | <xref linkend="xdg-utils"/>, and
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| 118 | <xref linkend="yasm"/>
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| 119 | </para>
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| 120 |
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| 121 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 122 | <para role="optional">
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| 123 | <xref linkend="ffmpeg"/>,
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[47eea61] | 124 | <xref linkend="GConf"/>,
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| 125 | <xref linkend="gnome-keyring"/>,
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[49e162b] | 126 | <xref linkend="icu"/>,
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[47eea61] | 127 | <xref linkend="libjpeg"/>,
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| 128 | <xref linkend="libpng"/>,
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[49e162b] | 129 | <xref linkend="libxml2"/>,
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| 130 | <xref linkend="libvpx"/>,
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[7add59a9] | 131 | <ulink url="https://devel.freebsoft.org/speechd">speech-dispatcher</ulink>
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[49e162b] | 132 | (for the screen reader), and
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| 133 | <ulink url="https://google.github.io/snappy">snappy</ulink>
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| 134 | </para>
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| 135 |
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| 136 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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| 137 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/chromium"/></para>
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| 138 |
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| 139 | </sect2>
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| 140 |
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| 141 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 142 | <title>Installation of Chromium</title>
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| 143 |
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[47eea61] | 144 | <para>Fix a build issue on Linux-4.5+:</para>
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| 145 |
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| 146 | <screen><userinput>sed 's/#include <sys\/mman\.h>/&\n\n#if defined(MADV_FREE)\n#undef MADV_FREE\n#endif\n/' \
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| 147 | -i third_party/WebKit/Source/wtf/allocator/PageAllocator.cpp</userinput></screen>
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| 148 |
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| 149 | <para>Fix a build issue with GCC-6:</para>
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| 150 |
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| 151 | <screen><userinput>sed "s/^config(\"compiler\") {/&\ncflags_cc = [ \"-fno-delete-null-pointer-checks\" ]/" \
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| 152 | -i build/config/linux/BUILD.gn</userinput></screen>
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| 153 |
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| 154 | <para>If you'd like to enable the use of the
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| 155 | <ulink url="http://www.widevine.com/">WideVine</ulink> plugin, needed for
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| 156 | Netflix support (see the WideVine section below), you'll need to define an
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| 157 | available product name ("Pinkie Pie" in this case) with the following
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| 158 | command:</para>
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[49e162b] | 159 |
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| 160 | <screen><userinput>sed "s/WIDEVINE_CDM_AVAILABLE/&\n\n#define WIDEVINE_CDM_VERSION_STRING \"Pinkie Pie\"/" \
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| 161 | -i third_party/widevine/cdm/stub/widevine_cdm_version.h</userinput></screen>
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| 162 |
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[47eea61] | 163 | <para>Remove third-party build files that interfere with system versions:</para>
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[49e162b] | 164 |
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| 165 | <note>
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| 166 | <para>
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[7add59a9] | 167 | Chromium uses many external projects, the selections below are not set
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[47eea61] | 168 | in stone, however they have been tested thoroughly. With Chromium
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| 169 | &chromium-version;, system versions of icu, libjpeg, libpng, libxml2,
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| 170 | libvpx, and zlib are known to break the build at this time.
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[49e162b] | 171 | <!-- This should be remedied by 55.x as updates are coming upstream -->
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[47eea61] | 172 | </para>
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| 173 | </note>
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| 174 |
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| 175 | <!-- Again, thanks to Arch, this is much better than listing all the needed
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| 176 | shipped libs required to use the remove_bundled_files.py script -->
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| 177 | <screen><userinput>for LIB in flac harfbuzz-ng libwebp libxslt yasm; do
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| 178 | find -type f -path "*third_party/$LIB/*" \
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| 179 | \! -path "*third_party/$LIB/chromium/*" \
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| 180 | \! -path "*third_party/$LIB/google/*" \
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| 181 | \! -regex '.*\.\(gn\|gni\|isolate\|py\)' \
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| 182 | -delete
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| 183 | done &&
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| 184 |
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| 185 | python build/linux/unbundle/replace_gn_files.py \
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| 186 | --system-libraries flac harfbuzz-ng libwebp libxslt yasm</userinput></screen>
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[49e162b] | 187 |
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[47eea61] | 188 | <para><application>Chromium</application> uses an internal tool, <ulink
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| 189 | url="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/tools/gn">gn</ulink>,
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| 190 | to generate the <application>Ninja</application> build files. Complete
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| 191 | configuration of the build using the following commands:</para>
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| 192 |
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| 193 | <note>
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| 194 | <para>
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[49e162b] | 195 | <!-- Taken from Arch Linux - an immensely helpful link - Thanks -->
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[47eea61] | 196 | The Google API Key and OAuth tokens below are specific to LFS. If using
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| 197 | these instructions for another distro, or if you intend to distribute
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| 198 | binary copies of the software using these instructions, please obtain
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| 199 | your own keys following the instructions located at
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[49e162b] | 200 | <ulink url="http://www.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/api-keys"/>.
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| 201 | <!-- BLFS Devs, register an account at Google with your
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| 202 | @linuxfromscratch.org email address, and I'll make you an administrator
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[47eea61] | 203 | for the 'Chromium for LFS' project (where the API and OAuth keys were
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| 204 | created for use in the book).-->
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[49e162b] | 205 | </para>
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| 206 | </note>
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| 207 |
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[47eea61] | 208 | <screen><userinput>GN_CONFIG=("google_api_key=\"AIzaSyDxKL42zsPjbke5O8_rPVpVrLrJ8aeE9rQ\""
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| 209 | "google_default_client_id=\"595013732528-llk8trb03f0ldpqq6nprjp1s79596646.apps.googleusercontent.com\""
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| 210 | "google_default_client_secret=\"5ntt6GbbkjnTVXx-MSxbmx5e\""
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| 211 | 'clang_use_chrome_plugins=false'
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| 212 | 'enable_hangout_services_extension=true'
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| 213 | 'enable_nacl=false'
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| 214 | 'enable_nacl_nonsfi=false'
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| 215 | 'enable_widevine=true'
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| 216 | 'fatal_linker_warnings=false'
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| 217 | 'ffmpeg_branding="Chrome"'
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| 218 | 'fieldtrial_testing_like_official_build=true'
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| 219 | 'is_debug=false'
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| 220 | 'is_clang=false'
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| 221 | 'link_pulseaudio=true'
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| 222 | 'linux_use_bundled_binutils=false'
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| 223 | 'proprietary_codecs=true'
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| 224 | 'remove_webcore_debug_symbols=true'
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| 225 | 'symbol_level=0'
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| 226 | 'treat_warnings_as_errors=false'
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| 227 | 'use_allocator="none"'
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| 228 | 'use_cups=true'
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| 229 | 'use_gconf=false'
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| 230 | 'use_gnome_keyring=false'
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| 231 | 'use_gold=false'
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| 232 | 'use_gtk3=false'
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| 233 | 'use_kerberos=true'
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| 234 | 'use_pulseaudio=true'
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| 235 | 'use_sysroot=false')</userinput></screen>
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| 236 |
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| 237 | <para>Build <application>gn</application> and use it to prepare the
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| 238 | <application>Ninja</application> build files:</para>
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| 239 |
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| 240 | <screen><userinput>python tools/gn/bootstrap/bootstrap.py --gn-gen-args "${GN_CONFIG[*]}" &&
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| 241 | out/Release/gn gen out/Release --args="${GN_CONFIG[*]}"</userinput></screen>
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[49e162b] | 242 |
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| 243 | <para>Build <application>Chromium</application> using the following
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| 244 | command:</para>
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| 245 |
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[47eea61] | 246 | <screen><userinput>ninja -C out/Release chrome chrome_sandbox chromedriver widevinecdmadapter</userinput></screen>
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[49e162b] | 247 |
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| 248 | <para>This package was already tested as part of the build.</para>
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| 249 |
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| 250 | <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user,
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| 251 | install the pacakage:</para>
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| 252 |
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| 253 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -vDm755 out/Release/chrome \
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| 254 | /usr/lib/chromium/chromium &&
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| 255 | install -vDm4755 out/Release/chrome_sandbox \
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| 256 | /usr/lib/chromium/chrome-sandbox &&
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| 257 | install -vDm755 out/Release/chromedriver \
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| 258 | /usr/lib/chromium/chromedriver &&
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| 259 | ln -svf /usr/lib/chromium/chromium /usr/bin &&
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| 260 | ln -svf /usr/lib/chromium/chromedriver /usr/bin/ &&
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| 261 |
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[47eea61] | 262 | install -vm755 out/Release/libwidevinecdmadapter.so \
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| 263 | /usr/lib/chromium/ &&
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| 264 | install -vDm644 out/Release/icudtl.dat /usr/lib/chromium &&
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| 265 | install -vDm644 out/Release/gen/content/content_resources.pak \
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| 266 | /usr/lib/chromium/ &&
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[49e162b] | 267 | install -vm644 out/Release/{*.pak,*.bin} \
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| 268 | /usr/lib/chromium/ &&
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| 269 |
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| 270 | cp -av out/Release/locales /usr/lib/chromium/ &&
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| 271 | chown -Rv root:root /usr/lib/chromium/locales &&
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| 272 |
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| 273 | install -vDm644 out/Release/chrome.1 \
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| 274 | /usr/share/man/man1/chromium.1</userinput></screen>
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| 275 |
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| 276 | <para>While still the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user,
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| 277 | install icons and the .desktop file:</para>
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| 278 |
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| 279 | <screen><userinput role="root">for size in 16 32; do
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| 280 | install -vDm644 \
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| 281 | "chrome/app/theme/default_100_percent/chromium/product_logo_$size.png" \
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| 282 | "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/${size}x${size}/apps/chromium.png"
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| 283 | done &&
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| 284 |
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| 285 | for size in 22 24 48 64 128 256; do
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| 286 | install -vDm644 "chrome/app/theme/chromium/product_logo_$size.png" \
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| 287 | "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/${size}x${size}/apps/chromium.png"
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| 288 | done &&
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| 289 |
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| 290 | cat > /usr/share/applications/chromium.desktop << "EOF"
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| 291 | [Desktop Entry]
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| 292 | Encoding=UTF-8
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| 293 | Name=Chromium Web Browser
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| 294 | Comment=Access the Internet
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| 295 | GenericName=Web Browser
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| 296 | Exec=chromium %u
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| 297 | Terminal=false
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| 298 | Type=Application
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| 299 | Icon=chromium
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| 300 | Categories=GTK;Network;WebBrowser;
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| 301 | MimeType=application/xhtml+xml;text/xml;application/xhtml+xml;text/mml;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;
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| 302 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 303 |
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| 304 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Chromium Lanucher</bridgehead>
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| 305 | <para><application>Chromium Launcher</application> is a wrapper for
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| 306 | <application>chromium</application> that allows use of the Pepper Flash
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| 307 | plugin. If you intend to use the <application>Pepper Flash</application>
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| 308 | plugin, build <application>Chromium Launcher</application> by running the
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| 309 | following commands:</para>
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| 310 |
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| 311 | <screen><userinput>tar -xf ../chromium-launcher-3.tar.gz &&
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| 312 | cd chromium-launcher-3 &&
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| 313 | make PREFIX=/usr</userinput></screen>
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| 314 |
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| 315 | <para>Install Chromium Launcher with the following commands (as the
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[7add59a9] | 316 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user):</para>
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[49e162b] | 317 |
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| 318 | <screen role="root"><userinput>rm -f /usr/bin/chromium &&
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| 319 | make PREFIX=/usr install-strip &&
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| 320 | cd ..</userinput></screen>
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| 321 |
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[47eea61] | 322 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Extracting the WideVine plugin from Chrome</bridgehead>
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[49e162b] | 323 |
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| 324 | <para>Extract the downloaded deb file with the following commands:</para>
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| 325 |
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| 326 | <screen><userinput>mkdir temp &&
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| 327 | cd temp &&
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[47eea61] | 328 | ar -x ../../google-chrome-stable*.deb &&
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[49e162b] | 329 | tar -xf data.tar.xz</userinput></screen>
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| 330 |
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| 331 | <para>As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, install
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[47eea61] | 332 | the WideVine plugin with the following command:</para>
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| 333 |
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| 334 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -vm755 opt/google/chrome/libwidevinecdm.so \
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| 335 | /usr/lib/chromium/</userinput></screen>
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[49e162b] | 336 |
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| 337 |
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[47eea61] | 338 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Installing the Pepper Flash plugin:</bridgehead>
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[49e162b] | 339 |
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[47eea61] | 340 | <para>Extract the <application>Flash Player</application> plugin with the
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| 341 | following command:</para>
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| 342 |
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| 343 | <screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../flash_player_ppapi_linux.*.tar.gz</userinput></screen>
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[49e162b] | 344 | <para>As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, install
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[47eea61] | 345 | the Pepper Flash plugin with the following command:</para>
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[49e162b] | 346 |
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[47eea61] | 347 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -vdm755 /usr/lib/PepperFlash &&
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| 348 | install -vm755 libpepflashplayer.so /usr/lib/PepperFlash &&
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| 349 | install -vm644 manifest.json /usr/lib/PepperFlash</userinput></screen>
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[49e162b] | 350 |
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| 351 | </sect2>
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| 352 |
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| 353 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 354 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 355 |
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[47eea61] | 356 | <para><command>GN_CONFIG=(...)</command>: this array contains
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[49e162b] | 357 | all of the defines used in the build.</para>
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| 358 |
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[7add59a9] | 359 | <para><command>sed "s/#include <sys...</command>: this command undefines
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[49e162b] | 360 | MADV_FREE to fix a build issue with Linux-4.5 and newer.</para>
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| 361 |
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[47eea61] | 362 | <para><command>python tools/gn/bootstrap/bootstrap.py --gn-gen-args "${GN_CONFIG[*]}"</command>:
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| 363 | this command replaces defines in the gn files with the values contained in
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| 364 | <envar>${GN_CONFIG[@]}</envar>.</para>
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[49e162b] | 365 |
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[47eea61] | 366 | <para><command>out/Release/gn gen out/Release --args="${GN_CONFIG[*]}"</command>:
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| 367 | this command runs a Google provided configuration script
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| 368 | <application>gn</application> on the source tree to produce
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[49e162b] | 369 | a <application>Ninja</application> configuration suitable for the build
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| 370 | machine.</para>
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| 371 |
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[47eea61] | 372 | <para><command>ar -x ../../google-chrome-stable*.deb</command>:
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[49e162b] | 373 | the <command>ar</command> utility is used to extract Debian archives.</para>
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| 374 |
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| 375 | </sect2>
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| 376 |
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| 377 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 378 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 379 |
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| 380 | <segmentedlist>
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| 381 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 382 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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| 383 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 384 |
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| 385 | <seglistitem>
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[7add59a9] | 386 | <seg>/usr/bin/chromium, /usr/lib/chromium/chromium,
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[49e162b] | 387 | /usr/lib/chromium/chromedriver, and
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| 388 | /usr/lib/chromium/chrome-sandbox</seg>
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| 389 | <seg>none</seg>
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[7add59a9] | 390 | <seg>/usr/lib/chromium, /usr/lib/chromium-launcher,
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| 391 | and (optionally) /usr/lib/PepperFlash</seg>
|
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[49e162b] | 392 | </seglistitem>
|
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| 393 | </segmentedlist>
|
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| 394 |
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| 395 | <variablelist>
|
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| 396 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
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| 397 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
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| 398 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
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| 399 |
|
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| 400 | <varlistentry id="chromium-prog">
|
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| 401 | <term><command>/usr/bin/chromium</command></term>
|
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| 402 | <listitem>
|
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| 403 | <para> is a wrapper for the main chromium binary (in
|
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| 404 | /usr/lib/chromium) that allow use of the Pepper Flash plugin.</para>
|
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| 405 | <indexterm zone="chromium chromium-prog">
|
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| 406 | <primary sortas="b-chromium">chromium</primary>
|
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| 407 | </indexterm>
|
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| 408 | </listitem>
|
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| 409 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 410 |
|
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| 411 | <varlistentry id="chromium-lib">
|
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| 412 | <term><command>/usr/lib/chromium/chromium</command></term>
|
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| 413 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 414 | <para> is the main chromium executable.</para>
|
---|
| 415 | <indexterm zone="chromium chromium-lib">
|
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| 416 | <primary sortas="b-chromiumlib">chromium</primary>
|
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| 417 | </indexterm>
|
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| 418 | </listitem>
|
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| 419 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 420 |
|
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| 421 | <varlistentry id="chromedriver">
|
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| 422 | <term><command>/usr/bin/chromedriver</command></term>
|
---|
| 423 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 424 | <para> is a
|
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| 425 | <ulink url="http://www.seleniumhq.org/projects/webdriver/">
|
---|
| 426 | WebDriver</ulink> for Chromium.</para>
|
---|
| 427 | <indexterm zone="chromium chromedriver">
|
---|
| 428 | <primary sortas="b-chromedriver">chromedriver</primary>
|
---|
| 429 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 430 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 431 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 432 |
|
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| 433 | <varlistentry id="chrome-sandbox">
|
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| 434 | <term><command>/usr/lib/chromium/chrome-sandbox</command></term>
|
---|
| 435 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 436 | <para> creates a sandboxed environment for running untrusted
|
---|
| 437 | code (plugins).</para>
|
---|
| 438 | <indexterm zone="chromium chrome-sandbox">
|
---|
| 439 | <primary sortas="b-chrome-sandbox">chrome-sandbox</primary>
|
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| 440 | </indexterm>
|
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| 441 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 442 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 443 |
|
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| 444 | </variablelist>
|
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| 445 |
|
---|
| 446 | </sect2>
|
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| 447 |
|
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| 448 | </sect1>
|
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