Changeset 84b64f2 for x/installing


Ignore:
Timestamp:
05/19/2005 05:28:20 PM (19 years ago)
Author:
Manuel Canales Esparcia <manuel@…>
Branches:
10.0, 10.1, 11.0, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.0, 12.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.2.0, 6.2.0-rc1, 6.2.0-rc2, 6.3, 6.3-rc1, 6.3-rc2, 6.3-rc3, 7.10, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.6-blfs, 7.6-systemd, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, basic, bdubbs/svn, elogind, gnome, kde5-13430, kde5-14269, kde5-14686, kea, ken/TL2024, ken/inkscape-core-mods, ken/tuningfonts, krejzi/svn, lazarus, lxqt, nosym, perl-modules, plabs/newcss, plabs/python-mods, python3.11, qt5new, rahul/power-profiles-daemon, renodr/vulkan-addition, systemd-11177, systemd-13485, trunk, upgradedb, xry111/intltool, xry111/llvm18, xry111/soup3, xry111/test-20220226, xry111/xf86-video-removal
Children:
06092fc
Parents:
a5723248
Message:

Tagged x-setup.xml

git-svn-id: svn://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/trunk/BOOK@4368 af4574ff-66df-0310-9fd7-8a98e5e911e0

File:
1 edited

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  • x/installing/x-setup.xml

    ra5723248 r84b64f2  
    77
    88<sect1 id="x-setup">
    9 <sect1info>
    10 <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
    11 <date>$Date$</date>
    12 </sect1info>
    13 <?dbhtml filename="xfree86-setup.html"?>
    14 <title>X Window System Components</title>
    15 
    16 <sect2 id='dri'>
    17 <title>Checking Direct Rendering Infrastructure (<acronym>DRI</acronym>)
    18 Installation</title>
    19 
    20 <indexterm zone="x-setup dri">
    21   <primary sortas="g-DRI">DRI</primary>
    22 </indexterm>
    23 
    24 <para><acronym>DRI</acronym> is a framework for allowing software to access
    25 graphics hardware in a safe and efficient manner. It is installed in
    26 <application>X</application> by default if you have a supported video card.
    27 To check if <acronym>DRI</acronym> is installed properly, check the log file
    28 <filename>/var/log/XFree86.0.log</filename> or
    29 <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> for statements like:</para>
    30 
    31 <screen>(II) R128(0): Direct rendering enabled</screen>
    32 
    33 <para>From an <command>xterm</command>, run <command>glxinfo</command> and
    34 look for the phrase:</para>
     9  <?dbhtml filename="xfree86-setup.html"?>
     10
     11  <sect1info>
     12  <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
     13  <date>$Date$</date>
     14  </sect1info>
     15
     16  <title>X Window System Components</title>
     17
     18  <sect2 id='dri'>
     19    <title>Checking Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) Installation</title>
     20
     21    <indexterm zone="x-setup dri">
     22      <primary sortas="g-DRI">DRI</primary>
     23    </indexterm>
     24
     25    <para>DRI is a framework for allowing software to access graphics hardware
     26    in a safe and efficient manner. It is installed in
     27    <application>X</application> by default if you have a supported video card.
     28    To check if DRI is installed properly, check the log file
     29    <filename>/var/log/XFree86.0.log</filename> or
     30    <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> for statements like:</para>
     31
     32<screen><literal>(II) R128(0): Direct rendering enabled</literal></screen>
     33
     34    <para>From an <command>xterm</command>, run <command>glxinfo</command>
     35    and look for the phrase:</para>
    3536
    3637<screen><computeroutput>direct rendering: Yes</computeroutput></screen>
    3738
    38 <para>You can also run the test program <command>glxgears</command>.
    39 This program brings up a window with three gears turning.  The
    40 <command>xterm</command> will display how many frames were drawn every
    41 five seconds, so this is a reasonable benchmark.  The window is scalable, and
    42 the frames drawn per second is highly dependent on the size of
    43 the window.</para>
    44 
    45 <indexterm zone="x-setup dri">
    46   <primary sortas="b-glxgears">glxgears</primary>
    47 </indexterm>
    48 
    49 <indexterm zone="x-setup dri">
    50   <primary sortas="b-glxinfo">glxinfo</primary>
    51 </indexterm>
    52 
    53 <para>For troubleshooting problems, check the <acronym>DRI</acronym> Users
    54 Guide at
    55 <ulink url="http://dri.sourceforge.net/doc/DRIuserguide.html"/>.</para>
    56 
    57 </sect2>
     39    <para>You can also run the test program <command>glxgears</command>.
     40    This program brings up a window with three gears turning.  The
     41    <command>xterm</command> will display how many frames were drawn every
     42    five seconds, so this is a reasonable benchmark.  The window is scalable,
     43    and the frames drawn per second is highly dependent on the size of
     44    the window.</para>
     45
     46    <indexterm zone="x-setup dri">
     47      <primary sortas="b-glxgears">glxgears</primary>
     48    </indexterm>
     49
     50    <indexterm zone="x-setup dri">
     51      <primary sortas="b-glxinfo">glxinfo</primary>
     52    </indexterm>
     53
     54    <para>For troubleshooting problems, check the DRI Users Guide at
     55    <ulink url="http://dri.sourceforge.net/doc/DRIuserguide.html"/>.</para>
     56
     57  </sect2>
    5858
    5959<!-- ================================================== -->
    6060
    61 <sect2 id='fonts'>
    62 <title>Adding <application>TrueType</application> fonts to
    63 <application>X</application></title>
    64 
    65 <para><application>TrueType</application> font support is built into
    66 <application>X</application>.  The following items need to
    67 be completed to make the fonts available. Each item is described in
    68 detail after the list.</para>
    69 
    70 <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
    71   <primary sortas="g-truetype">TrueType</primary>
    72 </indexterm>
    73 
    74 <itemizedlist>
    75 <listitem><para>Establish a directory for the fonts and move any
    76 <application>TrueType</application> fonts you want into that directory.
    77 Ensure that any fonts you install are world readable. Incorrect
    78 permissions on fonts have been known to cause problems with some
    79 <application>X</application> applications.</para></listitem>
    80 
    81 <listitem><para>Download the fonts.</para></listitem>
    82 
    83 <listitem><para>Create the <filename>fonts.scale</filename> and
    84 <filename>fonts.dir</filename> files in the
    85 <application>TrueType</application> font
    86 directory.</para></listitem>
    87 
    88 <listitem><para>Ensure the <application>TrueType</application> module is
    89 loaded in the <filename>XF86Config</filename> or
    90 <filename>xorg.conf</filename>.</para></listitem>
    91 
    92 <listitem><para>Ensure the <parameter>FontPath</parameter> in
    93 <filename>XF86Config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename> contains the
    94 <application>TrueType</application> font directory.</para></listitem>
    95 
    96 <listitem><para>Update the font cache files</para></listitem>
    97 </itemizedlist>
    98 
    99 <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
    100   <primary sortas="e-etc-X11-xorg-conf">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</primary>
    101 </indexterm>
    102 
    103 <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
    104   <primary sortas="e-etc-X11-XF86Config">/etc/X11/XF86Config</primary>
    105 </indexterm>
    106 
    107 <sect3><title>Establish a <application>TrueType</application> font
    108 directory</title>
    109 
    110 <para>The build of <application>X</application> as given above automatically
    111 creates a <application>TrueType</application> font directory:
    112 <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF</filename>. This
    113 directory already has some <application>TrueType</application> fonts and is
    114 set up correctly. If this directory is satisfactory, copy any other
    115 <application>TrueType</application> fonts you want into that directory. If
    116 not, create a new directory, preferably in the
    117 <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/</filename> directory and
    118 put your <application>TrueType</application> fonts there.</para>
    119 </sect3>
    120 
    121 <sect3><title>Download the fonts</title>
    122 
    123 <para>There are two known high quality free font resources:
    124 <ulink url="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/savannah/files/freefont/"/> and
    125 <ulink url="http://corefonts.sourceforge.net/"/>. Copy the fonts (files with
    126 the <filename>.ttf</filename> suffix) to the directory you've just
    127 created.</para>
    128    
    129 </sect3>
    130 
    131 <sect3 id="fonts-scale-dir"><title>Create <filename>fonts.scale</filename> and
    132 <filename>fonts.dir</filename></title>
    133 <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts-scale-dir">
    134   <primary sortas="g-fonts.scale">fonts.scale</primary>
    135 </indexterm>
    136 <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts-scale-dir">
    137   <primary sortas="g-fonts.dir">fonts.dir</primary>
    138 </indexterm>
    139 
    140 <para>Now change to the directory where you have your
    141 <application>TrueType</application> fonts and run:
    142 <screen><userinput><command>mkfontscale &amp;&amp;
    143 mkfontdir</command></userinput></screen></para>
    144 <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts-scale-dir">
    145   <primary sortas="b-mkfontscale">mkfontscale</primary>
    146 </indexterm>
    147 <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts-scale-dir">
    148   <primary sortas="b-mkfontdir">mkfontdir</primary>
    149 </indexterm>
    150 </sect3>
    151 
    152 <sect3><title>Ensure <application>TrueType</application> is loaded in
    153 <filename>XF86Config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename></title>
    154 <para>The "Module" section should look like:
    155 <screen>Section "Module"
    156         ...
    157         Load  "freetype"
    158         ...
    159 EndSection</screen></para>
    160 </sect3>
    161 
    162 <sect3><title>Ensure the <parameter>FontPath</parameter> in
    163 <filename>XF86Config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename> points to the
    164 <application>TrueType</application> font directory</title>
    165 <para>The "Files" section should look like:
    166 <screen>Section "Files"
    167         ...
    168         FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/<replaceable>[TrueTypeDir]</replaceable>/"
    169         ...
    170 EndSection</screen></para>
    171 </sect3>
    172 
    173 <sect3><title>Update the font cache files</title>
    174 
    175 <para>Ensure you have the following directory entries in
    176 <filename>/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>, inside the fontconfig
    177 tags. Create <filename>/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename> using the
    178 following commands:</para>
    179 
    180 <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
    181   <primary sortas="e-etc-fonts-local.conf">/etc/fonts/local.conf</primary>
    182 </indexterm>
    183 
    184 <screen><userinput><command>cat &gt; /etc/fonts/local.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
    185 &lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
     61  <sect2 id='fonts'>
     62    <title>Adding TrueType Fonts to X</title>
     63
     64    <para><application>TrueType</application> font support is built into
     65    <application>X</application>. The following items need to be
     66    completed to make the fonts available. Each item is described in
     67    detail after the list.</para>
     68
     69    <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
     70      <primary sortas="g-truetype">TrueType</primary>
     71    </indexterm>
     72
     73    <itemizedlist>
     74      <listitem>
     75        <para>Establish a directory for the fonts and move any
     76        <application>TrueType</application> fonts you want into that
     77        directory. Ensure that any fonts you install are world readable.
     78        Incorrect permissions on fonts have been known to cause problems
     79        with some <application>X</application> applications.</para>
     80      </listitem>
     81      <listitem>
     82        <para>Download the fonts.</para>
     83      </listitem>
     84      <listitem>
     85        <para>Create the <filename>fonts.scale</filename> and
     86        <filename>fonts.dir</filename> files in the
     87        <application>TrueType</application> font directory.</para>
     88      </listitem>
     89      <listitem>
     90        <para>Ensure the <application>TrueType</application> module is
     91        loaded in the <filename>XF86Config</filename> or
     92        <filename>xorg.conf</filename>.</para>
     93      </listitem>
     94      <listitem>
     95        <para>Ensure the <option>FontPath</option> in
     96        <filename>XF86Config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename>
     97        contains the <application>TrueType</application> font
     98        directory.</para>
     99      </listitem>
     100      <listitem>
     101        <para>Update the font cache files</para>
     102      </listitem>
     103    </itemizedlist>
     104
     105    <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
     106      <primary sortas="e-etc-X11-xorg-conf">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</primary>
     107    </indexterm>
     108
     109    <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
     110      <primary sortas="e-etc-X11-XF86Config">/etc/X11/XF86Config</primary>
     111    </indexterm>
     112
     113    <sect3>
     114      <title>Establish a TrueType Font Directory</title>
     115
     116      <para>The build of <application>X</application> as given above
     117      automatically creates a <application>TrueType</application> font
     118      directory: <filename
     119      class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF</filename>. This
     120      directory already has some <application>TrueType</application>
     121      fonts and is set up correctly. If this directory is satisfactory,
     122      copy any other <application>TrueType</application> fonts you want
     123      into that directory. If not, create a new directory, preferably
     124      in the <filename
     125      class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/</filename> directory
     126      and put your <application>TrueType</application> fonts there.</para>
     127
     128    </sect3>
     129
     130    <sect3>
     131      <title>Download the Fonts</title>
     132
     133      <para>There are two known high quality free font resources:
     134      <ulink url="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/savannah/files/freefont/"/> and
     135      <ulink url="http://corefonts.sourceforge.net/"/>. Copy the fonts
     136      (files with the <filename>.ttf</filename> suffix) to the directory
     137      you've just created.</para>
     138
     139    </sect3>
     140
     141    <sect3 id="fonts-scale-dir">
     142      <title>Create 'fonts.scale' and 'fonts.dir'</title>
     143
     144      <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts-scale-dir">
     145        <primary sortas="g-fonts.scale">fonts.scale</primary>
     146      </indexterm>
     147
     148      <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts-scale-dir">
     149        <primary sortas="g-fonts.dir">fonts.dir</primary>
     150      </indexterm>
     151
     152      <para>Now change to the directory where you have your
     153      <application>TrueType</application> fonts and run:</para>
     154
     155<screen role="root"><userinput>mkfontscale &amp;&amp;
     156mkfontdir</userinput></screen>
     157
     158      <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts-scale-dir">
     159        <primary sortas="b-mkfontscale">mkfontscale</primary>
     160      </indexterm>
     161
     162      <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts-scale-dir">
     163        <primary sortas="b-mkfontdir">mkfontdir</primary>
     164      </indexterm>
     165
     166    </sect3>
     167
     168    <sect3>
     169      <title>Ensure TrueType is Loaded in 'XF86Config' or 'xorg.conf'</title>
     170
     171      <para>The "Module" section should look like:</para>
     172
     173<screen><literal>Section "Module"
     174    ...
     175    Load  "freetype"
     176    ...
     177EndSection</literal></screen>
     178
     179    </sect3>
     180
     181    <sect3>
     182      <title>Ensure the FontPath in 'XF86Config' or 'xorg.conf' Points to the
     183      TrueType Font Directory</title>
     184
     185      <para>The "Files" section should look like:</para>
     186
     187<screen><literal>Section "Files"
     188    ...
     189    FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/<replaceable>[TrueTypeDir]</replaceable>/"
     190    ...
     191EndSection</literal></screen>
     192
     193    </sect3>
     194
     195    <sect3>
     196      <title>Update the Font Cache Files</title>
     197
     198      <para>Ensure you have the following directory entries in
     199      <filename>/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>, inside the fontconfig
     200      tags. Create <filename>/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename> using the
     201      following commands:</para>
     202
     203      <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
     204        <primary sortas="e-etc-fonts-local.conf">/etc/fonts/local.conf</primary>
     205      </indexterm>
     206
     207<screen role="root"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/fonts/local.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
     208<literal>&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
    186209&lt;!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd"&gt;
    187210&lt;!-- /etc/fonts/local.conf file for local customizations --&gt;
    … …  
    190213&lt;dir&gt;/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF&lt;/dir&gt;
    191214&lt;dir&gt;/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1&lt;/dir&gt;
    192 &lt;/fontconfig&gt;
    193 
    194 <command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
    195 
    196 <!--
     215&lt;/fontconfig&gt;</literal>
     216
     217EOF</userinput></screen>
     218
     219
     220<!--
    197221<screen><userinput><command>sed -i -e '/^&lt;\/fontconfig&gt;/i\
    198222&lt;dir&gt;/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF&lt;/dir&gt;\
    … …  
    200224 -->
    201225
    202 <para>The <command>fc-cache</command> program will automatically search
    203 the above directories and all subdirectories for needed fonts.</para>
    204    
    205 <para>Finally, to update all the font cache files, run</para>
    206 
    207 <screen><userinput><command>fc-cache</command></userinput></screen>
    208 
    209 <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
    210   <primary sortas="b-fc-cache">fc-cache</primary>
    211 </indexterm>
    212 
    213 <para><application>X</application> will now be able to use
    214 <application>TrueType</application> fonts when it is restarted.
    215 You can check to see if the new fonts are available with the
    216 <command>xlsfonts</command>  or <command>xfontsel</command>
    217 program.</para>
    218 
    219 <note><para>You should rerun <command>mkfontscale</command> and 
    220 <command>mkfontdir</command> any time you add or delete
    221 <application>TrueType</application> fonts.
    222 You should also rerun <command>fc-cache</command> each time
    223 you add or remove any fonts.</para></note>
    224 
    225 </sect3>
    226 </sect2>
     226      <para>The <command>fc-cache</command> program will automatically
     227      search the above directories and all subdirectories for needed
     228      fonts.</para>
     229
     230      <para>Finally, to update all the font cache files, run</para>
     231
     232<screen role="root"><userinput>fc-cache</userinput></screen>
     233
     234      <indexterm zone="x-setup fonts">
     235        <primary sortas="b-fc-cache">fc-cache</primary>
     236      </indexterm>
     237
     238      <para><application>X</application> will now be able to use
     239      <application>TrueType</application> fonts when it is restarted.
     240      You can check to see if the new fonts are available with the
     241      <command>xlsfonts</command>  or <command>xfontsel</command>
     242      program.</para>
     243
     244      <note>
     245        <para>You should rerun <command>mkfontscale</command> and
     246        <command>mkfontdir</command> any time you add or delete
     247        <application>TrueType</application> fonts.
     248        You should also rerun <command>fc-cache</command> each time
     249        you add or remove any fonts.</para>
     250      </note>
     251
     252    </sect3>
     253
     254  </sect2>
    227255
    228256<!-- ================================================== -->
    229 <sect2>
    230 <title>Setting up keyboards</title>
    231 <para>In this version of <application>X</application>, non-Latin
    232 keyboard layouts do not include Latin configurations as was previous
    233 practice. To set up a keyboard for Latin and non-Latin input,
    234 change the XkbLayout keyboard driver option in the InputDevice section
    235 of the <filename>XF86Config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename> file.
    236 For example:</para>
    237 
    238 <screen>   Section "InputDevice"
    239      Identifier          "Keyboard0"
    240      Driver              "Keyboard"
    241      Option "XkbModel"   "pc105"
    242      Option "XkbLayout"  "en_US,ru"
    243      Option "XkbOptions" "grp:switch,grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll"
    244    EndSection</screen>
    245 
    246 <para>In this example, you can use the Alt-Shift combination to switch
    247 between keyboard layouts and use the Scroll Lock <acronym>LED</acronym> to
    248 indicate when the second layout is active.</para>
    249 </sect2>
     257
     258  <sect2>
     259    <title>Setting up Keyboards</title>
     260
     261    <para>In this version of <application>X</application>, non-Latin
     262    keyboard layouts do not include Latin configurations as was previous
     263    practice. To set up a keyboard for Latin and non-Latin input, change
     264    the XkbLayout keyboard driver option in the InputDevice section
     265    of the <filename>XF86Config</filename> or <filename>xorg.conf</filename>
     266    file. For example:</para>
     267
     268<screen><literal>Section "InputDevice"
     269    Identifier          "Keyboard0"
     270    Driver              "Keyboard"
     271    Option "XkbModel"   "pc105"
     272    Option "XkbLayout"  "en_US,ru"
     273    Option "XkbOptions" "grp:switch,grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll"
     274EndSection</literal></screen>
     275
     276    <para>In this example, you can use the <keycap>Alt+Shift</keycap>
     277    combination to switch between keyboard layouts and use the Scroll Lock
     278    LED to indicate when the second layout is active.</para>
     279
     280  </sect2>
    250281
    251282<!-- ================================================== -->
    252 <sect2>
    253 <title>Setting up fonts</title>
    254 
    255 <para>Users using character sets other than <acronym>ISO</acronym>-8859-1 have
    256 to make a few adjustments to their font settings in order to make sure that
    257 fonts with the correct encoding are used for "fixed", "variable", "10x20" and
    258 similar aliases:</para>
    259    
    260 <para>For Cyrillic alphabet, it is sufficient to put the following line
    261 into the top of the "Files" section in <filename>XF86Config</filename>
    262 or <filename>xorg.conf</filename> because this directory already contains
    263 the needed bitmap fonts and their aliases:</para>
    264 
    265 <screen>FontPath     "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/"</screen>
    266 
    267 <para>For ISO-8859-<replaceable>[X]</replaceable> based locales, use the
    268 following command instead:</para>
    269 
    270 <screen><userinput><command>sed -i 's,iso8859-1\( \|$\),iso8859-<replaceable>[X]</replaceable>\1,g' \
    271     /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/{75dpi,100dpi,misc}/fonts.alias</command></userinput></screen>
    272 
    273 </sect2>
     283
     284  <sect2>
     285    <title>Setting up Fonts</title>
     286
     287    <para>Users using character sets other than ISO-8859-1 have to make
     288    a few adjustments to their font settings in order to make sure that
     289    fonts with the correct encoding are used for "fixed", "variable",
     290    "10x20" and similar aliases:</para>
     291
     292    <para>For Cyrillic alphabet, it is sufficient to put the following line
     293    into the top of the "Files" section in <filename>XF86Config</filename>
     294    or <filename>xorg.conf</filename> because this directory already
     295    contains the needed bitmap fonts and their aliases:</para>
     296
     297<screen><literal>FontPath   "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/"</literal></screen>
     298
     299    <para>For ISO-8859-<replaceable>[X]</replaceable> based locales, use
     300    the following command instead:</para>
     301
     302<screen role="root"><userinput>sed -i 's,iso8859-1\( \|$\),iso8859-<replaceable>[X]</replaceable>\1,g' \
     303    /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/{75dpi,100dpi,misc}/fonts.alias</userinput></screen>
     304
     305  </sect2>
    274306
    275307<!-- ================================================== -->
    276 <sect2 id='xdm'>
    277 <title>Setting up XDM</title>
    278 <para><command>xdm</command> provides a graphical logon capability and is
    279 normally set up in <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>.  Most of the information
    280 you need to customize <command>xdm</command> is found in its man page.  To
    281 execute <command>xdm</command> during bootup, change the initdefault level to 5
    282 and add the following lines to <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>:</para>
    283 
    284 <indexterm zone="x-setup xdm">
    285   <primary sortas="b-xdm">xdm</primary>
    286 </indexterm>
    287 
    288 <para><screen><userinput># Run xdm as a separate service
    289 x:5:respawn:/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon</userinput></screen></para>
    290 
    291 <para>If Linux-PAM is installed on your system, you should
    292 create a PAM entry for xdm by duplicating the login entry
    293 using the following command:</para>
    294 
    295 <para><screen><userinput>cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/xdm</userinput></screen></para>
    296 <indexterm zone="x-setup xdm">
    297   <primary sortas="e-etc-pam.d/xdm">/etc/pam.d/xdm</primary>
    298 </indexterm>
    299 
    300 </sect2>
     308
     309  <sect2 id='xdm'>
     310    <title>Setting up XDM</title>
     311
     312    <para><command>xdm</command> provides a graphical logon capability and
     313    is normally set up in <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>. Most of the
     314    information you need to customize <command>xdm</command> is found in
     315    its man page. To execute <command>xdm</command> during bootup, change
     316    the initdefault level to 5 and add the following lines to
     317    <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>:</para>
     318
     319    <indexterm zone="x-setup xdm">
     320      <primary sortas="b-xdm">xdm</primary>
     321    </indexterm>
     322
     323<screen><literal># Run xdm as a separate service
     324x:5:respawn:/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon</literal></screen>
     325
     326    <para>If <application>Linux-PAM</application> is installed on your
     327    system, you should create a PAM entry for <command>xdm</command> by
     328    duplicating the <command>login</command> entry using the following
     329    command:</para>
     330
     331    <indexterm zone="x-setup xdm">
     332      <primary sortas="e-etc-pam.d/xdm">/etc/pam.d/xdm</primary>
     333    </indexterm>
     334
     335<screen role="root"><userinput>cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/xdm</userinput></screen>
     336
     337  </sect2>
    301338
    302339<!-- ================================================== -->
    303 <sect2 id='x-resources'>
    304 <title>Using <application>X</application> Resources</title>
    305 <para>There are many options that can be set in
    306 <application>X</application> and <application>X</application> clients via
    307 resources.  Typically resources are set in the
    308 <filename>~/.Xresources</filename> file.</para>
    309 
    310 <para>The layout of the <filename>~/.Xresources</filename> file consists
    311 of a list of specifications in the form of</para>
    312 
    313 <indexterm zone="x-setup x-resources">
    314   <primary sortas="e-AA.xresources">~/.Xresources</primary>
    315 </indexterm>
    316 
    317 <screen>object.subobject[.subobject...].attribute: value</screen>
    318 
    319 <para>Components of a resource specification are linked together
    320 by either <emphasis>tight</emphasis>, represented by a dot (.),
    321 or <emphasis>loose</emphasis>, represented by an asterisk (*),  bindings.
    322 A tight binding indicates that the components on either side of the dot must
    323 be directly next to each other as defined in a specific implementation.  An
    324 asterisk is a wildcard character that means that any number of levels in
    325 a defined hierarchy can be between the components.
    326 For example, X offers two special cursors: redglass and whiteglass.  To
    327 use one of these resources, you need to add the following line:</para>
    328 
    329 <screen>Xcursor.theme: whiteglass</screen>
    330 
    331 <para>However, you can specify the background for all clients with:</para>
    332 
    333 <screen>*background: blue</screen>
    334 
    335 <para>More specific resource variables will override less specific names.</para>
    336 
    337 <para>Resource definitions can be found in the man pages for each
    338 respective client.</para>
    339 
    340 <para>In order to load your resources, the <command>xrdb</command> program
    341 must be called with the appropriate parameters. Typically, the first time
    342 resources are loaded, you use:</para>
    343 
    344 <screen><userinput><command>xrdb -load &lt;filename&gt;</command></userinput></screen>
    345 
    346 <para>To add resources to <application>X</application>'s database in memory,
    347 use:</para>
    348 
    349 <screen><userinput><command>xrdb -merge &lt;filename&gt;</command></userinput></screen>
    350 
    351 <para>The <command>xrdb</command> instruction is usually placed in
    352 <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> or <filename>~/.xsession</filename>.
    353 To get more information, see the xrdb man page.</para>
    354 
    355 <indexterm zone="x-setup x-resources">
    356   <primary sortas="b-xrdb">xrdb</primary>
    357 </indexterm>
    358 
    359 </sect2>
     340
     341  <sect2 id='x-resources'>
     342    <title>Using X Resources</title>
     343
     344    <para>There are many options that can be set in
     345    <application>X</application> and <application>X</application>
     346    clients via resources. Typically resources are set in the
     347    <filename>~/.Xresources</filename> file.</para>
     348
     349    <para>The layout of the <filename>~/.Xresources</filename> file
     350    consists of a list of specifications in the form of</para>
     351
     352    <indexterm zone="x-setup x-resources">
     353      <primary sortas="e-AA.xresources">~/.Xresources</primary>
     354    </indexterm>
     355
     356<screen><literal>object.subobject[.subobject...].attribute: value</literal></screen>
     357
     358    <para>Components of a resource specification are linked together by
     359    either <emphasis>tight</emphasis>, represented by a dot (.), or
     360    <emphasis>loose</emphasis>, represented by an asterisk (*), bindings.
     361    A tight binding indicates that the components on either side of the
     362    dot must be directly next to each other as defined in a specific
     363    implementation. An asterisk is a wildcard character that means that
     364    any number of levels in a defined hierarchy can be between the components.
     365    For example, X offers two special cursors: redglass and whiteglass. To
     366    use one of these resources, you need to add the following line:</para>
     367
     368<screen><literal>Xcursor.theme: whiteglass</literal></screen>
     369
     370    <para>However, you can specify the background for all clients with:</para>
     371
     372<screen><literal>*background: blue</literal></screen>
     373
     374    <para>More specific resource variables will override less specific
     375    names.</para>
     376
     377    <para>Resource definitions can be found in the man pages for each
     378    respective client.</para>
     379
     380    <para>In order to load your resources, the <command>xrdb</command>
     381    program must be called with the appropriate parameters. Typically,
     382    the first time resources are loaded, you use:</para>
     383
     384<screen><userinput>xrdb -load &lt;filename&gt;</userinput></screen>
     385
     386    <para>To add resources to <application>X</application>'s database
     387    in memory, use:</para>
     388
     389<screen><userinput>xrdb -merge &lt;filename&gt;</userinput></screen>
     390
     391    <para>The <command>xrdb</command> instruction is usually placed in
     392    <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> or <filename>~/.xsession</filename>.
     393    To get more information, see the <command>xrdb</command> man page.</para>
     394
     395    <indexterm zone="x-setup x-resources">
     396      <primary sortas="b-xrdb">xrdb</primary>
     397    </indexterm>
     398
     399  </sect2>
    360400
    361401</sect1>
    362 
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