Changes between Version 5 and Version 6 of TracStandalone
- Timestamp:
- 04/15/2021 03:23:43 PM (3 years ago)
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TracStandalone
v5 v6 1 = Tracd =1 = Tracd 2 2 3 3 Tracd is a lightweight standalone Trac web server. 4 4 It can be used in a variety of situations, from a test or development server to a multiprocess setup behind another web server used as a load balancer. 5 5 6 == Pros ==6 == Pros 7 7 8 8 * Fewer dependencies: You don't need to install apache or any other web-server. … … 10 10 * Automatic reloading: For development, Tracd can be used in ''auto_reload'' mode, which will automatically restart the server whenever you make a change to the code (in Trac itself or in a plugin). 11 11 12 == Cons ==12 == Cons 13 13 14 14 * Fewer features: Tracd implements a very simple web-server and is not as configurable or as scalable as Apache httpd. 15 15 * No native HTTPS support: [http://www.rickk.com/sslwrap/ sslwrap] can be used instead, 16 or [ http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy.17 18 == Usage examples ==16 or [trac:wiki:STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy. 17 18 == Usage examples 19 19 20 20 A single project on port 8080. (http://localhost:8080/) 21 {{{ 21 {{{#!sh 22 22 $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project 23 23 }}} 24 Stric ly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use ''--hostname''option.25 {{{ 24 Strictly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use the `--hostname` option. 25 {{{#!sh 26 26 $ tracd --hostname=localhost -p 8080 /path/to/project 27 27 }}} 28 28 With more than one project. (http://localhost:8080/project1/ and http://localhost:8080/project2/) 29 {{{ 29 {{{#!sh 30 30 $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2 31 31 }}} … … 35 35 36 36 An alternative way to serve multiple projects is to specify a parent directory in which each subdirectory is a Trac project, using the `-e` option. The example above could be rewritten: 37 {{{ 37 {{{#!sh 38 38 $ tracd -p 8080 -e /path/to 39 39 }}} 40 40 41 To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use {{{CTRL-BREAK}}} -- using {{{CTRL-C}}} will leave a Python process running in the background. 42 43 == Installing as a Windows Service == 44 45 === Option 1 === 46 To install as a Windows service, get the [http://www.google.com/search?q=srvany.exe SRVANY] utility and run: 47 {{{ 41 There is support for the HTTPS protocol (//Since 1.3.4//). Specify the path to the PEM certificate file and keyfile using the `--certfile` and `--keyfile` options. You can specify just the `--certfile` option if you have a [https://docs.python.org/2/library/ssl.html#combined-key-and-certificate combined key and certificate]. 42 43 To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use `CTRL-BREAK` -- using `CTRL-C` will leave a Python process running in the background. 44 45 == Installing as a Windows Service 46 47 === Option 1 48 To install as a Windows service, get the [https://www.google.com/search?q=srvany.exe SRVANY] utility and run: 49 {{{#!cmd 48 50 C:\path\to\instsrv.exe tracd C:\path\to\srvany.exe 49 reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters /v Application /d "\"C:\path\to\python.exe\" \"C:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd -script.py\" <your tracd parameters>"51 reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters /v Application /d "\"C:\path\to\python.exe\" \"C:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd.exe\" <your tracd parameters>" 50 52 net start tracd 51 53 }}} 52 54 53 '''DO NOT''' use {{{tracd.exe}}}. Instead register {{{python.exe}}} directly with {{{tracd-script.py}}} as a parameter. If you use {{{tracd.exe}}}, it will spawn the python process without SRVANY's knowledge. This python process will survive a {{{net stop tracd}}}. 55 {{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em;" 56 **Attention:** Do not use `tracd.exe` directly. Instead register `python.exe` directly with `tracd.exe` as a parameter. If you use `tracd.exe`, it will spawn the python process without SRVANY's knowledge. This python process will survive a `net stop tracd`. 57 }}} 54 58 55 59 If you want tracd to start automatically when you boot Windows, do: 56 {{{ 60 {{{#!cmd 57 61 sc config tracd start= auto 58 62 }}} … … 65 69 66 70 Three (string) parameters are provided: 67 ||!AppDirectory ||C:\Python2 6\ ||71 ||!AppDirectory ||C:\Python27\ || 68 72 ||Application ||python.exe || 69 ||!AppParameters ||scripts\tracd -script.py-p 8080 ... ||73 ||!AppParameters ||scripts\tracd.exe -p 8080 ... || 70 74 71 75 Note that, if the !AppDirectory is set as above, the paths of the executable ''and'' of the script name and parameter values are relative to the directory. This makes updating Python a little simpler because the change can be limited, here, to a single point. … … 73 77 }}} 74 78 75 For Windows 7 User, srvany.exe may not be an option, so you can use [http://www.google.com/search?q=winserv.exe WINSERV] utility and run: 76 {{{ 77 "C:\path\to\winserv.exe" install tracd -displayname "tracd" -start auto "C:\path\to\python.exe" c:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py <your tracd parameters>" 78 79 For Windows 7 User, srvany.exe may not be an option, so you can use [https://www.google.com/search?q=winserv.exe WINSERV] utility and run: 80 {{{#!cmd 81 "C:\path\to\winserv.exe" install tracd -displayname "tracd" -start auto "C:\path\to\python.exe" c:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd.exe <your tracd parameters>" 79 82 net start tracd 80 83 }}} 81 84 82 === Option 2 ===83 84 Use [http ://trac-hacks.org/wiki/WindowsServiceScript WindowsServiceScript], available at [http://trac-hacks.org/ Trac Hacks]. Installs, removes, starts, stops, etc. your Trac service.85 86 === Option 3 ===85 === Option 2 86 87 Use [https://trac-hacks.org/wiki/WindowsServiceScript WindowsServiceScript], available at [https://trac-hacks.org/ Trac Hacks]. Installs, removes, starts, stops, etc. your Trac service. 88 89 === Option 3 87 90 88 91 also cygwin's cygrunsrv.exe can be used: 89 {{{ 92 {{{#!sh 90 93 $ cygrunsrv --install tracd --path /cygdrive/c/Python27/Scripts/tracd.exe --args '--port 8000 --env-parent-dir E:\IssueTrackers\Trac\Projects' 91 94 $ net start tracd 92 95 }}} 93 96 94 == Using Authentication == 95 96 Tracd allows you to run Trac without the need for Apache, but you can take advantage of Apache's password tools (htpasswd and htdigest) to easily create a password file in the proper format for tracd to use in authentication. (It is also possible to create the password file without htpasswd or htdigest; see below for alternatives) 97 == Using Authentication 98 99 Tracd allows you to run Trac without the need for Apache, but you can take advantage of Apache's password tools (`htpasswd` and `htdigest`) to easily create a password file in the proper format for tracd to use in authentication. (It is also possible to create the password file without `htpasswd` or `htdigest`; see below for alternatives) 100 101 {{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em" 102 **Attention:** Make sure you place the generated password files on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac will monitor their modified time and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution (like `ext2` or `ext3` on Linux, or HFS+ on OSX). 103 }}} 97 104 98 105 Tracd provides support for both Basic and Digest authentication. Digest is considered more secure. The examples below use Digest; to use Basic authentication, replace `--auth` with `--basic-auth` in the command line. 99 106 100 107 The general format for using authentication is: 101 {{{ 108 {{{#!sh 102 109 $ tracd -p port --auth="base_project_dir,password_file_path,realm" project_path 103 110 }}} … … 115 122 Examples: 116 123 117 {{{ 124 {{{#!sh 118 125 $ tracd -p 8080 \ 119 126 --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" /path/to/project1 … … 121 128 122 129 Of course, the password file can be be shared so that it is used for more than one project: 123 {{{ 130 {{{#!sh 124 131 $ tracd -p 8080 \ 125 132 --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \ … … 129 136 130 137 Another way to share the password file is to specify "*" for the project name: 131 {{{ 138 {{{#!sh 132 139 $ tracd -p 8080 \ 133 140 --auth="*,/path/to/users.htdigest,mycompany.com" \ … … 135 142 }}} 136 143 137 === Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file ===144 === Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file 138 145 This section describes how to use `tracd` with Apache .htpasswd files. 139 146 140 Note: It is necessary (at least with Python 2.6) to install the fcrypt package in order to141 decode some htpasswd formats. Trac source code attempt an `import crypt` first, but there142 is no such package for Python 2.6. Only `SHA-1` passwords (since Trac 1.0)work without this module.147 Note: On Windows It is necessary to install the [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/passlib passlib] 148 package in order to decode some htpasswd formats. Only `SHA-1` passwords (since Trac 1.0) 149 work without this module. 143 150 144 151 To create a .htpasswd file use Apache's `htpasswd` command (see [#GeneratingPasswordsWithoutApache below] for a method to create these files without using Apache): 145 {{{ 152 {{{#!sh 146 153 $ sudo htpasswd -c /path/to/env/.htpasswd username 147 154 }}} 148 155 then for additional users: 149 {{{ 156 {{{#!sh 150 157 $ sudo htpasswd /path/to/env/.htpasswd username2 151 158 }}} 152 159 153 160 Then to start `tracd` run something like this: 154 {{{ 155 $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project dirname,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /fullpath/environmentname161 {{{#!sh 162 $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /path/to/project 156 163 }}} 157 164 158 165 For example: 159 {{{ 160 $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth=" testenv,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /srv/tracenv/testenv166 {{{#!sh 167 $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /path/to/project 161 168 }}} 162 169 ''Note:'' You might need to pass "-m" as a parameter to htpasswd on some platforms (OpenBSD). 163 170 164 === Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file ===165 166 If you have Apache available, you can use the htdigest command to generate the password file. Type 'htdigest' to get some usage instructions, or read [http ://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/htdigest.html this page] from the Apache manual to get precise instructions. You'll be prompted for a password to enter for each user that you create. For the name of the password file, you can use whatever you like, but if you use something like `users.htdigest` it will remind you what the file contains. As a suggestion, put it in your <projectname>/conf folder along with the [TracIni trac.ini] file.171 === Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file 172 173 If you have Apache available, you can use the htdigest command to generate the password file. Type 'htdigest' to get some usage instructions, or read [https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/htdigest.html this page] from the Apache manual to get precise instructions. You'll be prompted for a password to enter for each user that you create. For the name of the password file, you can use whatever you like, but if you use something like `users.htdigest` it will remind you what the file contains. As a suggestion, put it in your <projectname>/conf folder along with the [TracIni trac.ini] file. 167 174 168 175 Note that you can start tracd without the `--auth` argument, but if you click on the ''Login'' link you will get an error. 169 176 170 === Generating Passwords Without Apache === 171 172 Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://aspirine.org/htpasswd_en.html online HTTP Password generator] which also supports `SHA-1`. Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system. Note that Windows Python lacks the "crypt" module that is the default hash type for htpasswd ; Windows Python can grok MD5 password hashes just fine and you should use MD5. 173 174 You can use this simple Python script to generate a '''digest''' password file: 175 176 {{{ 177 #!python 178 from optparse import OptionParser 179 # The md5 module is deprecated in Python 2.5 180 try: 181 from hashlib import md5 182 except ImportError: 183 from md5 import md5 184 realm = 'trac' 185 186 # build the options 187 usage = "usage: %prog [options]" 188 parser = OptionParser(usage=usage) 189 parser.add_option("-u", "--username",action="store", dest="username", type = "string", 190 help="the username for whom to generate a password") 191 parser.add_option("-p", "--password",action="store", dest="password", type = "string", 192 help="the password to use") 193 parser.add_option("-r", "--realm",action="store", dest="realm", type = "string", 194 help="the realm in which to create the digest") 195 (options, args) = parser.parse_args() 196 197 # check options 198 if (options.username is None) or (options.password is None): 199 parser.error("You must supply both the username and password") 200 if (options.realm is not None): 201 realm = options.realm 202 203 # Generate the string to enter into the htdigest file 204 kd = lambda x: md5(':'.join(x)).hexdigest() 205 print ':'.join((options.username, realm, kd([options.username, realm, options.password]))) 206 }}} 207 208 Note: If you use the above script you must set the realm in the `--auth` argument to '''`trac`'''. Example usage (assuming you saved the script as trac-digest.py): 209 210 {{{ 211 $ python trac-digest.py -u username -p password >> c:\digest.txt 212 $ tracd --port 8000 --auth=proj_name,c:\digest.txt,trac c:\path\to\proj_name 177 === Generating Passwords Without Apache 178 179 Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://aspirine.org/htpasswd_en.html online HTTP Password generator] which also supports `SHA-1`. Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system. Note that Windows Python lacks the "crypt" module that is the default hash type for htpasswd. Windows Python can grok MD5 password hashes just fine and you should use MD5. 180 181 Trac also provides `htpasswd` and `htdigest` scripts in `contrib`: 182 {{{#!sh 183 $ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -cb htpasswd user1 user1 184 $ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -b htpasswd user2 user2 185 }}} 186 187 {{{#!sh 188 $ ./contrib/htdigest.py -cb htdigest trac user1 user1 189 $ ./contrib/htdigest.py -b htdigest trac user2 user2 213 190 }}} 214 191 215 192 ==== Using `md5sum` 216 193 It is possible to use `md5sum` utility to generate digest-password file: 217 {{{ 194 {{{#!sh 218 195 user= 219 196 realm= … … 223 200 }}} 224 201 225 == Reference ==226 227 Here's the online help, as a reminder (`tracd - -help`):202 == Reference 203 204 Here's the online help, as a reminder (`tracd -h` or `tracd --help`): 228 205 {{{ 229 Usage: tracd [options] [projenv] ... 230 231 Options: 206 usage: tracd [-h] [--version] [-e PARENTDIR | -s] 207 [-a DIGESTAUTH | --basic-auth BASICAUTH] [-p PORT] [-b HOSTNAME] 208 [--protocol {http,https,scgi,ajp,fcgi}] [--certfile CERTFILE] 209 [--keyfile KEYFILE] [-q] [--base-path BASE_PATH] [--http10 | --http11] 210 [-r | -d] [--pidfile PIDFILE] [--umask MASK] [--group GROUP] [--user USER] 211 [envs [envs ...]] 212 213 positional arguments: 214 envs path of the project environment(s) 215 216 optional arguments: 217 -h, --help show this help message and exit 232 218 --version show program's version number and exit 233 -h, --help show this help message and exit 234 -a DIGESTAUTH, --auth=DIGESTAUTH 219 -e PARENTDIR, --env-parent-dir PARENTDIR 220 parent directory of the project environments 221 -s, --single-env only serve a single project without the project list 222 -a DIGESTAUTH, --auth DIGESTAUTH 235 223 [projectdir],[htdigest_file],[realm] 236 --basic-auth =BASICAUTH224 --basic-auth BASICAUTH 237 225 [projectdir],[htpasswd_file],[realm] 238 -p PORT, --port =PORT the port number to bind to239 -b HOSTNAME, --hostname =HOSTNAME226 -p PORT, --port PORT the port number to bind to 227 -b HOSTNAME, --hostname HOSTNAME 240 228 the host name or IP address to bind to 241 --protocol=PROTOCOL http|scgi|ajp|fcgi 242 -q, --unquote unquote PATH_INFO (may be needed when using ajp) 243 --http10 use HTTP/1.0 protocol version instead of HTTP/1.1 244 --http11 use HTTP/1.1 protocol version (default) 245 -e PARENTDIR, --env-parent-dir=PARENTDIR 246 parent directory of the project environments 247 --base-path=BASE_PATH 229 --protocol {http,https,scgi,ajp,fcgi} 230 the server protocol (default: http) 231 --certfile CERTFILE PEM certificate file for HTTPS 232 --keyfile KEYFILE PEM key file for HTTPS 233 -q, --unquote unquote PATH_INFO (may be needed when using the ajp protocol) 234 --base-path BASE_PATH 248 235 the initial portion of the request URL's "path" 236 --http10 use HTTP/1.0 protocol instead of HTTP/1.1 237 --http11 use HTTP/1.1 protocol (default) 249 238 -r, --auto-reload restart automatically when sources are modified 250 -s, --single-env only serve a single project without the project list251 239 -d, --daemonize run in the background as a daemon 252 --pidfile =PIDFILE when daemonizing, file to which to write pid253 --umask =MASK when daemonizing, file mode creation mask to use, in254 octal notation (default022)255 --group =GROUP the group to run as256 --user =USER the user to run as240 --pidfile PIDFILE file to write pid when daemonizing 241 --umask MASK when daemonizing, file mode creation mask to use, in octal 242 notation (default: 022) 243 --group GROUP the group to run as 244 --user USER the user to run as 257 245 }}} 258 246 259 247 Use the -d option so that tracd doesn't hang if you close the terminal window where tracd was started. 260 248 261 == Tips ==262 263 === Serving static content ===264 265 If `tracd` is the only web server used for the project, 266 it can also be used to distribute static content 249 == Tips 250 251 === Serving static content 252 253 If `tracd` is the only web server used for the project, 254 it can also be used to distribute static content 267 255 (tarballs, Doxygen documentation, etc.) 268 256 … … 271 259 272 260 Example: given a `$TRAC_ENV/htdocs/software-0.1.tar.gz` file, 273 the corresponding relative URL would be `/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz`, 274 which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax). 275 276 ''Support for `htdocs:` TracLinks syntax was added in version 0.10'' 261 the corresponding relative URL would be `/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz`, 262 which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax). 277 263 278 264 === Using tracd behind a proxy … … 287 273 288 274 === Authentication for tracd behind a proxy 289 It is convenient to provide central external authentication to your tracd instances, instead of using {{{--basic-auth}}}. There is some discussion about this in #9206.275 It is convenient to provide central external authentication to your tracd instances, instead of using `--basic-auth`. There is some discussion about this in [trac:#9206]. 290 276 291 277 Below is example configuration based on Apache 2.2, mod_proxy, mod_authnz_ldap. … … 293 279 First we bring tracd into Apache's location namespace. 294 280 295 {{{ 281 {{{#!apache 296 282 <Location /project/proxified> 297 283 Require ldap-group cn=somegroup, ou=Groups,dc=domain.com … … 304 290 305 291 Then we need a single file plugin to recognize HTTP_REMOTE_USER header as valid authentication source. HTTP headers like '''HTTP_FOO_BAR''' will get converted to '''Foo-Bar''' during processing. Name it something like '''remote-user-auth.py''' and drop it into '''proxified/plugins''' directory: 306 {{{ 307 #!python 292 {{{#!python 308 293 from trac.core import * 309 294 from trac.config import BoolOption … … 314 299 implements(IAuthenticator) 315 300 316 obey_remote_user_header = BoolOption('trac', 'obey_remote_user_header', 'false', 317 """Whether the 'Remote-User:' HTTP header is to be trusted for user logins 318 (''since ??.??').""") 301 obey_remote_user_header = BoolOption('trac', 'obey_remote_user_header', 'false', 302 """Whether the 'Remote-User:' HTTP header is to be trusted for user logins 303 (''since ??.??').""") 319 304 320 305 def authenticate(self, req): 321 if self.obey_remote_user_header and req.get_header('Remote-User'): 322 return req.get_header('Remote-User') 306 if self.obey_remote_user_header and req.get_header('Remote-User'): 307 return req.get_header('Remote-User') 323 308 return None 324 309 … … 326 311 327 312 Add this new parameter to your TracIni: 328 {{{ 329 ... 313 {{{#!ini 330 314 [trac] 331 315 ... … … 335 319 336 320 Run tracd: 337 {{{ 338 tracd -p 8101 - r -s proxified --base-path=/project/proxified321 {{{#!sh 322 tracd -p 8101 -s proxified --base-path=/project/proxified 339 323 }}} 340 324 … … 342 326 343 327 Global config (e.g. `/srv/trac/conf/trac.ini`): 344 {{{ 328 {{{#!ini 345 329 [components] 346 330 remote-user-auth.* = enabled … … 352 336 353 337 Environment config (e.g. `/srv/trac/envs/myenv`): 354 {{{ 338 {{{#!ini 355 339 [inherit] 356 340 file = /srv/trac/conf/trac.ini 357 341 }}} 358 342 359 === Serving a different base path than / ===343 === Serving a different base path than / 360 344 Tracd supports serving projects with different base urls than /<project>. The parameter name to change this is 361 {{{ 345 {{{#!sh 362 346 $ tracd --base-path=/some/path 363 347 }}}