[6370fa6] | 1 | <sect2>
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[977b62e] | 2 | <title>Contents</title>
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[6370fa6] | 3 |
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[53ad30a] | 4 | <para>The Binutils package contains the addr2line, as, ar, c++filt, gasp,
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| 5 | gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings and strip
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[b822811] | 6 | programs</para>
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[6370fa6] | 7 |
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| 8 | </sect2>
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| 9 |
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| 10 | <sect2><title>Description</title>
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| 11 |
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[53ad30a] | 12 | <sect3><title>addr2line</title>
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| 13 | <para>addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers.
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| 14 | Given an address and an executable, it uses the debugging information in
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| 15 | the executable to figure out which file name and line number are associated
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| 16 | with a given address.</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 17 |
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| 18 | <sect3><title>as</title>
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[b822811] | 19 | <para>as is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C compiler gcc
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[53ad30a] | 20 | for use by the linker ld.</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 21 |
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| 22 | <sect3><title>ar</title>
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[b822811] | 23 | <para>The ar program creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive
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| 24 | is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes
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[6370fa6] | 25 | it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of
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[53ad30a] | 26 | the archive).</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 27 |
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[53ad30a] | 28 | <sect3><title>c++filt</title>
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| 29 | <para>The C++ language provides function overloading, which means that it is
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| 30 | possible to
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| 31 | write many functions with the same name (providing each takes parameters
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| 32 | of different types). All C++ function names are encoded into a low-level
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| 33 | assembly label (this process is known as mangling). The c++filt program
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| 34 | does the inverse mapping: it decodes (demangles) low-level names into
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| 35 | user-level names so that the linker can keep these overloaded functions
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| 36 | from clashing.</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 37 |
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[53ad30a] | 38 | <sect3><title>gasp</title>
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| 39 | <para>Gasp is the Assembler Macro Preprocessor.</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 40 |
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[53ad30a] | 41 | <sect3><title>gprof</title>
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| 42 | <para>gprof displays call graph profile data.</para></sect3>
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| 43 |
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| 44 | <sect3><title>ld</title>
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| 45 | <para>ld combines a number of object and archive files, relocates their data
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| 46 | and ties up symbol references. Often the last step in building a new compiled
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| 47 | program to run is a call to ld.</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 48 |
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[53ad30a] | 49 | <sect3><title>nm</title>
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| 50 | <para>nm lists the symbols from object files.</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 51 |
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| 52 | <sect3><title>objcopy</title>
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[b822811] | 53 | <para>objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. objcopy
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[6370fa6] | 54 | uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write
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| 55 | the destination object file in a format different from that of the source
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[53ad30a] | 56 | object file.</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 57 |
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| 58 | <sect3><title>objdump</title>
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[b822811] | 59 | <para>objdump displays information about one or more object files. The options
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[6370fa6] | 60 | control what particular information to display. This information is mostly
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| 61 | useful to programmers who are working on the compilation tools, as opposed to
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[53ad30a] | 62 | programmers who just want their program to compile and work.</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 63 |
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| 64 | <sect3><title>ranlib</title>
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[b822811] | 65 | <para>ranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive, and stores it in
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[6370fa6] | 66 | the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive
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[53ad30a] | 67 | that is a relocatable object file.</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 68 |
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[0f70a1ca] | 69 | <sect3><title>readelf</title>
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[53ad30a] | 70 | <para>readelf displays information about elf type binaries.</para></sect3>
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[0c07a90] | 71 |
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[6370fa6] | 72 | <sect3><title>size</title>
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[b822811] | 73 | <para>size lists the section sizes --and the total size-- for each of the
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| 74 | object files objfile in its argument list. By default, one line of output is
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[53ad30a] | 75 | generated for each object file or each module in an archive.</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 76 |
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| 77 | <sect3><title>strings</title>
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[b822811] | 78 | <para>For each file given, strings prints the printable character sequences
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[6370fa6] | 79 | that are at least 4 characters long (or the number specified with an
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| 80 | option to the program) and are followed by an unprintable character. By
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| 81 | default, it only prints the strings from the initialized and loaded
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| 82 | sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints the strings
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[b822811] | 83 | from the whole file.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 84 |
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[53ad30a] | 85 | <para>strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files.</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 86 |
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| 87 | <sect3><title>strip</title>
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[b822811] | 88 | <para>strip discards all or specific symbols from object files. The list of
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[6370fa6] | 89 | object files may include archives. At least one object file must be
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| 90 | given. strip modifies the files named in its argument, rather than writing
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[53ad30a] | 91 | modified copies under different names.</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 92 |
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| 93 | </sect2>
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| 94 |
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