[6370fa6] | 1 | <sect2>
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| 2 | <title>Description</title>
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| 3 |
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[b822811] | 4 | <para>The Binutils package contains the gasp, gprof, ld, as, ar, nm, objcopy,
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[0c07a90] | 5 | objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, strip, c++filt and addr2line
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[b822811] | 6 | programs</para>
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[6370fa6] | 7 |
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| 8 | </sect2>
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| 9 |
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| 10 | <sect2><title>Description</title>
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| 11 |
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[0c07a90] | 12 | <sect3><title>gasp</title>
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| 13 |
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[b822811] | 14 | <para>Gasp is the Assembler Macro Preprocessor.</para>
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[0c07a90] | 15 |
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| 16 | </sect3>
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <sect3><title>gprof</title>
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| 19 |
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[b822811] | 20 | <para>gprof displays call graph profile data.</para>
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[0c07a90] | 21 |
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| 22 | </sect3>
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| 23 |
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[6370fa6] | 24 | <sect3><title>ld</title>
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| 25 |
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[b822811] | 26 | <para>ld combines a number of object and archive files, relocates their data
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[6370fa6] | 27 | and ties up symbol references. Often the last step in building a new compiled
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[b822811] | 28 | program to run is a call to ld.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 29 |
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| 30 | </sect3>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <sect3><title>as</title>
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| 33 |
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[b822811] | 34 | <para>as is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C compiler gcc
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| 35 | for use by the linker ld.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 36 |
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| 37 | </sect3>
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| 38 |
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| 39 | <sect3><title>ar</title>
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| 40 |
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[b822811] | 41 | <para>The ar program creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive
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| 42 | is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes
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[6370fa6] | 43 | it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of
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[b822811] | 44 | the archive).</para>
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[6370fa6] | 45 |
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| 46 | </sect3>
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| 47 |
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| 48 | <sect3><title>nm</title>
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| 49 |
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[b822811] | 50 | <para>nm lists the symbols from object files.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 51 |
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| 52 | </sect3>
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| 53 |
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| 54 | <sect3><title>objcopy</title>
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| 55 |
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[b822811] | 56 | <para>objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. objcopy
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[6370fa6] | 57 | uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write
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| 58 | the destination object file in a format different from that of the source
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[b822811] | 59 | object file.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 60 |
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| 61 | </sect3>
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| 62 |
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| 63 | <sect3><title>objdump</title>
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| 64 |
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[b822811] | 65 | <para>objdump displays information about one or more object files. The options
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[6370fa6] | 66 | control what particular information to display. This information is mostly
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| 67 | useful to programmers who are working on the compilation tools, as opposed to
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[b822811] | 68 | programmers who just want their program to compile and work.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 69 |
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| 70 | </sect3>
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| 71 |
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| 72 | <sect3><title>ranlib</title>
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| 73 |
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[b822811] | 74 | <para>ranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive, and stores it in
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[6370fa6] | 75 | the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive
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[b822811] | 76 | that is a relocatable object file.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 77 |
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| 78 | </sect3>
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| 79 |
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[0f70a1ca] | 80 | <sect3><title>readelf</title>
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[0c07a90] | 81 |
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[b822811] | 82 | <para>readelf displays information about elf type binaries.</para>
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[0c07a90] | 83 |
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| 84 | </sect3>
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| 85 |
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[6370fa6] | 86 | <sect3><title>size</title>
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| 87 |
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[b822811] | 88 | <para>size lists the section sizes --and the total size-- for each of the
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| 89 | object files objfile in its argument list. By default, one line of output is
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| 90 | generated for each object file or each module in an archive.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 91 |
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| 92 | </sect3>
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| 93 |
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| 94 | <sect3><title>strings</title>
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| 95 |
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[b822811] | 96 | <para>For each file given, strings prints the printable character sequences
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[6370fa6] | 97 | that are at least 4 characters long (or the number specified with an
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| 98 | option to the program) and are followed by an unprintable character. By
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| 99 | default, it only prints the strings from the initialized and loaded
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| 100 | sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints the strings
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[b822811] | 101 | from the whole file.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 102 |
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[b822811] | 103 | <para>strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 104 |
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| 105 | </sect3>
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| 106 |
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| 107 | <sect3><title>strip</title>
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| 108 |
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[b822811] | 109 | <para>strip discards all or specific symbols from object files. The list of
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[6370fa6] | 110 | object files may include archives. At least one object file must be
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| 111 | given. strip modifies the files named in its argument, rather than writing
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[b822811] | 112 | modified copies under different names.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 113 |
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| 114 | </sect3>
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| 115 |
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| 116 | <sect3><title>c++filt</title>
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| 117 |
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[b822811] | 118 | <para>The C++ language provides function overloading, which means that it is
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[3cc70a0] | 119 | possible to
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[6370fa6] | 120 | write many functions with the same name (providing each takes parameters
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| 121 | of different types). All C++ function names are encoded into a low-level
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| 122 | assembly label (this process is known as mangling). The c++filt program
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| 123 | does the inverse mapping: it decodes (demangles) low-level names into
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| 124 | user-level names so that the linker can keep these overloaded functions
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[b822811] | 125 | from clashing.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 126 |
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| 127 | </sect3>
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| 128 |
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| 129 | <sect3><title>addr2line</title>
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| 130 |
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[b822811] | 131 | <para>addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers.
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[6370fa6] | 132 | Given an address and an executable, it uses the debugging information in
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| 133 | the executable to figure out which file name and line number are associated
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[b822811] | 134 | with a given address.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 135 |
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| 136 | </sect3>
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| 137 |
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| 138 | </sect2>
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| 139 |
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