[e69a59f] | 1 | <sect2><title>Contents of Binutils-&binutils-contversion;</title>
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[6370fa6] | 2 |
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[bdc08c1] | 3 | <sect3><title>Program Files</title>
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[6370fa6] | 4 |
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[bdc08c1] | 5 | <para>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, gasp, gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump,
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| 6 | ranlib, readelf, size, strings and strip</para></sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 7 |
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[bdc08c1] | 8 | <sect3><title>Descriptions</title>
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[6370fa6] | 9 |
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[bdc08c1] | 10 | <sect4><title>addr2line</title>
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[53ad30a] | 11 | <para>addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers.
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| 12 | Given an address and an executable, it uses the debugging information in
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| 13 | the executable to figure out which file name and line number are associated
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[bdc08c1] | 14 | with a given address.</para></sect4>
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[6370fa6] | 15 |
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[bdc08c1] | 16 | <sect4><title>ar</title>
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[b822811] | 17 | <para>The ar program creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive
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| 18 | is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes
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[6370fa6] | 19 | it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of
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[bdc08c1] | 20 | the archive).</para></sect4>
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[6370fa6] | 21 |
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[bdc08c1] | 22 | <sect4><title>as</title>
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| 23 | <para>as is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C compiler gcc
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| 24 | for use by the linker ld.</para></sect4>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <sect4><title>c++filt</title>
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[53ad30a] | 27 | <para>The C++ language provides function overloading, which means that it is
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| 28 | possible to
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| 29 | write many functions with the same name (providing each takes parameters
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| 30 | of different types). All C++ function names are encoded into a low-level
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| 31 | assembly label (this process is known as mangling). The c++filt program
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| 32 | does the inverse mapping: it decodes (demangles) low-level names into
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| 33 | user-level names so that the linker can keep these overloaded functions
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[bdc08c1] | 34 | from clashing.</para></sect4>
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[6370fa6] | 35 |
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[bdc08c1] | 36 | <sect4><title>gasp</title>
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[cf24ff1] | 37 | <para>gasp is the Assembler Macro Preprocessor.</para></sect4>
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[6370fa6] | 38 |
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[bdc08c1] | 39 | <sect4><title>gprof</title>
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| 40 | <para>gprof displays call graph profile data.</para></sect4>
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[53ad30a] | 41 |
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[bdc08c1] | 42 | <sect4><title>ld</title>
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[53ad30a] | 43 | <para>ld combines a number of object and archive files, relocates their data
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| 44 | and ties up symbol references. Often the last step in building a new compiled
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[bdc08c1] | 45 | program to run is a call to ld.</para></sect4>
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[6370fa6] | 46 |
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[bdc08c1] | 47 | <sect4><title>nm</title>
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| 48 | <para>nm lists the symbols from object files.</para></sect4>
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[6370fa6] | 49 |
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[bdc08c1] | 50 | <sect4><title>objcopy</title>
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[b822811] | 51 | <para>objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. objcopy
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[6370fa6] | 52 | uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write
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| 53 | the destination object file in a format different from that of the source
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[bdc08c1] | 54 | object file.</para></sect4>
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[6370fa6] | 55 |
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[bdc08c1] | 56 | <sect4><title>objdump</title>
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[b822811] | 57 | <para>objdump displays information about one or more object files. The options
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[6370fa6] | 58 | control what particular information to display. This information is mostly
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| 59 | useful to programmers who are working on the compilation tools, as opposed to
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[bdc08c1] | 60 | programmers who just want their program to compile and work.</para></sect4>
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[6370fa6] | 61 |
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[bdc08c1] | 62 | <sect4><title>ranlib</title>
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[b822811] | 63 | <para>ranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive, and stores it in
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[6370fa6] | 64 | the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive
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[bdc08c1] | 65 | that is a relocatable object file.</para></sect4>
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[6370fa6] | 66 |
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[bdc08c1] | 67 | <sect4><title>readelf</title>
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| 68 | <para>readelf displays information about elf type binaries.</para></sect4>
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[0c07a90] | 69 |
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[bdc08c1] | 70 | <sect4><title>size</title>
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[b822811] | 71 | <para>size lists the section sizes --and the total size-- for each of the
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| 72 | object files objfile in its argument list. By default, one line of output is
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[bdc08c1] | 73 | generated for each object file or each module in an archive.</para></sect4>
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[6370fa6] | 74 |
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[bdc08c1] | 75 | <sect4><title>strings</title>
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[b822811] | 76 | <para>For each file given, strings prints the printable character sequences
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[6370fa6] | 77 | that are at least 4 characters long (or the number specified with an
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| 78 | option to the program) and are followed by an unprintable character. By
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| 79 | default, it only prints the strings from the initialized and loaded
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| 80 | sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints the strings
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[b822811] | 81 | from the whole file.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 82 |
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[bdc08c1] | 83 | <para>strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files.</para></sect4>
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[6370fa6] | 84 |
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[bdc08c1] | 85 | <sect4><title>strip</title>
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[b822811] | 86 | <para>strip discards all or specific symbols from object files. The list of
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[6370fa6] | 87 | object files may include archives. At least one object file must be
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| 88 | given. strip modifies the files named in its argument, rather than writing
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[bdc08c1] | 89 | modified copies under different names.</para></sect4>
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| 90 |
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| 91 | </sect3>
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| 92 |
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| 93 | <sect3><title>Library Files</title>
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| 94 | <para>libbfd.a, libiberty.a and libopcodes.a</para></sect3>
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| 95 |
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| 96 | <sect3><title>Descriptions</title>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <sect4><title>libbfd</title>
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| 99 | <para>libbfd is the Binary File Descriptor library.</para></sect4>
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| 100 |
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| 101 | <sect4><title>libiberty</title>
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| 102 | <para>libiberty is a collection of subroutines used by various GNU
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| 103 | programs including getopt, obstack, strerror, strtol and strtoul.</para></sect4>
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| 104 |
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| 105 | <sect4><title>libopcodes</title>
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[926b857] | 106 | <para>libopcodes is a native library for dealing with opcodes and is
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| 107 | used in the course of building utilities such as objdump. Opcodes are
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| 108 | actually "readable text" versions of instructions for the
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| 109 | processor.</para></sect4>
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[bdc08c1] | 110 |
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| 111 | </sect3>
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[6370fa6] | 112 |
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| 113 | </sect2>
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| 114 |
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