[6370fa6] | 1 | <sect2>
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| 2 | <title>Description</title>
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| 3 |
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| 4 | <para>
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[0c07a90] | 5 | The Binutils package contains the gasp, gprof, ld, as, ar, nm, objcopy,
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| 6 | objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, strip, c++filt and addr2line
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| 7 | programs
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[6370fa6] | 8 | </para>
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| 9 |
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| 10 | </sect2>
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| 11 |
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| 12 | <sect2><title>Description</title>
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| 13 |
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[0c07a90] | 14 | <sect3><title>gasp</title>
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| 15 |
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| 16 | <para>
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| 17 | Gasp is the Assembler Macro Preprocessor.
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| 18 | </para>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | </sect3>
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| 21 |
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| 22 | <sect3><title>gprof</title>
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| 23 |
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| 24 | <para>
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| 25 | gprof displays call graph profile data.
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| 26 | </para>
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| 27 |
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| 28 | </sect3>
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| 29 |
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[6370fa6] | 30 | <sect3><title>ld</title>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <para>
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| 33 | ld combines a number of object and archive files, relocates their data
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| 34 | and ties up symbol references. Often the last step in building a new compiled
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| 35 | program to run is a call to ld.
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| 36 | </para>
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| 37 |
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| 38 | </sect3>
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| 39 |
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| 40 | <sect3><title>as</title>
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| 41 |
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| 42 | <para>
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| 43 | as is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C compiler gcc
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| 44 | for use by the linker ld.
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| 45 | </para>
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| 46 |
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| 47 | </sect3>
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| 48 |
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| 49 | <sect3><title>ar</title>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <para>
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| 52 | The ar program creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive is
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| 53 | a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes
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| 54 | it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of
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| 55 | the archive).
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| 56 | </para>
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| 57 |
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| 58 | </sect3>
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| 59 |
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| 60 | <sect3><title>nm</title>
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| 61 |
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| 62 | <para>
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| 63 | nm lists the symbols from object files.
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| 64 | </para>
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| 65 |
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| 66 | </sect3>
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| 67 |
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| 68 | <sect3><title>objcopy</title>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <para>
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| 71 | objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. objcopy
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| 72 | uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write
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| 73 | the destination object file in a format different from that of the source
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| 74 | object file.
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| 75 | </para>
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| 76 |
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| 77 | </sect3>
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| 78 |
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| 79 | <sect3><title>objdump</title>
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| 80 |
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| 81 | <para>
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| 82 | objdump displays information about one or more object files. The options
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| 83 | control what particular information to display. This information is mostly
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| 84 | useful to programmers who are working on the compilation tools, as opposed to
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| 85 | programmers who just want their program to compile and work.
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| 86 | </para>
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| 87 |
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| 88 | </sect3>
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| 89 |
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| 90 | <sect3><title>ranlib</title>
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| 91 |
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| 92 | <para>
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| 93 | ranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive, and stores it in
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| 94 | the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive
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| 95 | that is a relocatable object file.
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| 96 | </para>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | </sect3>
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| 99 |
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[0f70a1ca] | 100 | <sect3><title>readelf</title>
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[0c07a90] | 101 |
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| 102 | <para>
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| 103 | readelf displays information about elf type binaries.
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| 104 | </para>
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| 105 |
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| 106 | </sect3>
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| 107 |
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[6370fa6] | 108 | <sect3><title>size</title>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <para>
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| 111 | size lists the section sizes --and the total size-- for each of the object
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| 112 | files objfile in its argument list. By default, one line of output is
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| 113 | generated for each object file or each module in an archive.
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| 114 | </para>
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| 115 |
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| 116 | </sect3>
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| 117 |
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| 118 | <sect3><title>strings</title>
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <para>
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| 121 | For each file given, strings prints the printable character sequences
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| 122 | that are at least 4 characters long (or the number specified with an
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| 123 | option to the program) and are followed by an unprintable character. By
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| 124 | default, it only prints the strings from the initialized and loaded
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| 125 | sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints the strings
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| 126 | from the whole file.
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| 127 | </para>
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| 128 |
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| 129 | <para>
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| 130 | strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files.
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| 131 | </para>
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| 132 |
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| 133 | </sect3>
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| 134 |
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| 135 | <sect3><title>strip</title>
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| 136 |
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| 137 | <para>
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| 138 | strip discards all or specific symbols from object files. The list of
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| 139 | object files may include archives. At least one object file must be
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| 140 | given. strip modifies the files named in its argument, rather than writing
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| 141 | modified copies under different names.
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| 142 | </para>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | </sect3>
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| 145 |
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| 146 | <sect3><title>c++filt</title>
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| 147 |
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| 148 | <para>
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| 149 | The C++ language provides function overloading, which means that you can
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| 150 | write many functions with the same name (providing each takes parameters
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| 151 | of different types). All C++ function names are encoded into a low-level
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| 152 | assembly label (this process is known as mangling). The c++filt program
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| 153 | does the inverse mapping: it decodes (demangles) low-level names into
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| 154 | user-level names so that the linker can keep these overloaded functions
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| 155 | from clashing.
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| 156 | </para>
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| 157 |
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| 158 | </sect3>
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| 159 |
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| 160 | <sect3><title>addr2line</title>
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| 161 |
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| 162 | <para>
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| 163 | addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers.
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| 164 | Given an address and an executable, it uses the debugging information in
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| 165 | the executable to figure out which file name and line number are associated
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| 166 | with a given address.
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| 167 | </para>
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| 168 |
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| 169 | </sect3>
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| 170 |
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| 171 | </sect2>
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| 172 |
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