1 | <sect2>
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2 | <title>Contents</title>
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3 |
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4 | <para>The Binutils package contains the gasp, gprof, ld, as, ar, nm, objcopy,
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5 | objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, strip, c++filt and addr2line
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6 | programs</para>
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7 |
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8 | </sect2>
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9 |
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10 | <sect2><title>Description</title>
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11 |
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12 | <sect3><title>gasp</title>
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13 |
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14 | <para>Gasp is the Assembler Macro Preprocessor.</para>
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15 |
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16 | </sect3>
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17 |
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18 | <sect3><title>gprof</title>
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19 |
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20 | <para>gprof displays call graph profile data.</para>
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21 |
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22 | </sect3>
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23 |
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24 | <sect3><title>ld</title>
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25 |
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26 | <para>ld combines a number of object and archive files, relocates their data
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27 | and ties up symbol references. Often the last step in building a new compiled
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28 | program to run is a call to ld.</para>
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29 |
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30 | </sect3>
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31 |
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32 | <sect3><title>as</title>
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33 |
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34 | <para>as is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C compiler gcc
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35 | for use by the linker ld.</para>
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36 |
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37 | </sect3>
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38 |
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39 | <sect3><title>ar</title>
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40 |
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41 | <para>The ar program creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive
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42 | is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes
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43 | it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of
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44 | the archive).</para>
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45 |
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46 | </sect3>
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47 |
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48 | <sect3><title>nm</title>
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49 |
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50 | <para>nm lists the symbols from object files.</para>
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51 |
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52 | </sect3>
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53 |
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54 | <sect3><title>objcopy</title>
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55 |
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56 | <para>objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. objcopy
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57 | uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write
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58 | the destination object file in a format different from that of the source
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59 | object file.</para>
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60 |
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61 | </sect3>
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62 |
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63 | <sect3><title>objdump</title>
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64 |
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65 | <para>objdump displays information about one or more object files. The options
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66 | control what particular information to display. This information is mostly
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67 | useful to programmers who are working on the compilation tools, as opposed to
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68 | programmers who just want their program to compile and work.</para>
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69 |
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70 | </sect3>
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71 |
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72 | <sect3><title>ranlib</title>
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73 |
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74 | <para>ranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive, and stores it in
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75 | the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive
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76 | that is a relocatable object file.</para>
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77 |
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78 | </sect3>
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79 |
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80 | <sect3><title>readelf</title>
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81 |
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82 | <para>readelf displays information about elf type binaries.</para>
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83 |
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84 | </sect3>
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85 |
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86 | <sect3><title>size</title>
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87 |
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88 | <para>size lists the section sizes --and the total size-- for each of the
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89 | object files objfile in its argument list. By default, one line of output is
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90 | generated for each object file or each module in an archive.</para>
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91 |
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92 | </sect3>
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93 |
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94 | <sect3><title>strings</title>
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95 |
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96 | <para>For each file given, strings prints the printable character sequences
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97 | that are at least 4 characters long (or the number specified with an
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98 | option to the program) and are followed by an unprintable character. By
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99 | default, it only prints the strings from the initialized and loaded
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100 | sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints the strings
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101 | from the whole file.</para>
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102 |
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103 | <para>strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files.</para>
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104 |
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105 | </sect3>
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106 |
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107 | <sect3><title>strip</title>
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108 |
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109 | <para>strip discards all or specific symbols from object files. The list of
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110 | object files may include archives. At least one object file must be
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111 | given. strip modifies the files named in its argument, rather than writing
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112 | modified copies under different names.</para>
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113 |
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114 | </sect3>
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115 |
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116 | <sect3><title>c++filt</title>
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117 |
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118 | <para>The C++ language provides function overloading, which means that it is
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119 | possible to
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120 | write many functions with the same name (providing each takes parameters
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121 | of different types). All C++ function names are encoded into a low-level
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122 | assembly label (this process is known as mangling). The c++filt program
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123 | does the inverse mapping: it decodes (demangles) low-level names into
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124 | user-level names so that the linker can keep these overloaded functions
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125 | from clashing.</para>
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126 |
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127 | </sect3>
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128 |
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129 | <sect3><title>addr2line</title>
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130 |
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131 | <para>addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers.
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132 | Given an address and an executable, it uses the debugging information in
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133 | the executable to figure out which file name and line number are associated
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134 | with a given address.</para>
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135 |
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136 | </sect3>
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137 |
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138 | </sect2>
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139 |
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