[7acaebe] | 1 | <sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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| 2 |
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| 3 | <sect2><title>Descriptions</title>
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| 4 |
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| 5 | <sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
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| 6 |
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| 7 | <sect4><title>basename</title>
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| 8 | <para>basename strips directory and suffixes from filenames.</para></sect4>
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| 9 |
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| 10 | <sect4><title>cat</title>
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| 11 | <para>cat concatenates file(s) or standard input to
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| 12 | standard output.</para></sect4>
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| 13 |
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| 14 | <sect4><title>chgrp</title>
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| 15 | <para>chgrp changes the group ownership of each given file to the named group,
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| 16 | which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID.</para></sect4>
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <sect4><title>chmod</title>
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| 19 | <para>chmod changes the permissions of each given file according to mode, which
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| 20 | can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make or an octal
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| 21 | number representing the bit pattern for the new permissions.</para></sect4>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect4><title>chown</title>
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| 24 | <para>chown changes the user and/or group ownership of each
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| 25 | given file.</para></sect4>
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| 26 |
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| 27 | <sect4><title>chroot</title>
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| 28 | <para>chroot runs a command or interactive shell with special
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| 29 | root directory.</para></sect4>
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| 30 |
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| 31 | <sect4><title>cksum</title>
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| 32 | <para>cksum prints CRC checksum and byte counts of each specified
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| 33 | file.</para></sect4>
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| 34 |
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| 35 | <sect4><title>comm</title>
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| 36 | <para>comm compares two sorted files line by line.</para></sect4>
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| 37 |
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| 38 | <sect4><title>cp</title>
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| 39 | <para>cp copies files from one place to another.</para></sect4>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <sect4><title>csplit</title>
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| 42 | <para>csplit outputs pieces of a file separated by (a) pattern(s) to files
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| 43 | xx01, xx02, ..., and outputs byte counts of each piece to standard
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| 44 | output.</para></sect4>
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| 45 |
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| 46 | <sect4><title>cut</title>
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| 47 | <para>cut prints selected parts of lines from specified files to standard
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| 48 | output.</para></sect4>
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| 49 |
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| 50 | <sect4><title>date</title>
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| 51 | <para>date displays the current time in a specified format, or sets
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| 52 | the system date.</para></sect4>
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| 53 |
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| 54 | <sect4><title>dd</title>
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| 55 | <para>dd copies a file (from the standard input to the standard output, by
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| 56 | default) with a user-selectable blocksize, while optionally performing
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| 57 | conversions on it.</para></sect4>
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| 58 |
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| 59 | <sect4><title>df</title>
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| 60 | <para>df displays the amount of disk space available on the filesystem
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| 61 | containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space
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| 62 | available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown.</para></sect4>
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| 63 |
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| 64 | <sect4><title>dir, ls and vdir</title>
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| 65 | <para>dir and vdir are versions of ls with different default output formats.
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| 66 | These programs list each given file or directory name. Directory contents
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| 67 | are sorted alphabetically. For ls, files are, by default, listed in columns
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| 68 | sorted vertically if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise they
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| 69 | are listed one per line. For dir, files are, by default, listed in columns
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| 70 | sorted vertically. For vdir, files are, by default, listed in
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| 71 | long format.</para></sect4>
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| 72 |
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| 73 | <sect4><title>dircolors</title>
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| 74 | <para>dircolors outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR environment variable.
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| 75 | The LS_COLOR variable is use to change the default color scheme used by
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| 76 | ls and related utilities.</para></sect4>
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| 77 |
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| 78 | <sect4><title>dirname</title>
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| 79 | <para>dirname strips non-directory suffixes from file name.</para></sect4>
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| 80 |
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| 81 | <sect4><title>du</title>
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| 82 | <para>du displays the amount of disk space used by each file or directory
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| 83 | listed on the command-line and by each of their subdirectories.</para></sect4>
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| 84 |
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| 85 | <sect4><title>echo</title>
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| 86 | <para>echo displays a line of text.</para></sect4>
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| 87 |
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| 88 | <sect4><title>env</title>
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| 89 | <para>env runs a program in a modified environment.</para></sect4>
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| 90 |
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| 91 | <sect4><title>expand</title>
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| 92 | <para>expand converts tabs in files to spaces, writing to standard
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| 93 | output.</para></sect4>
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| 94 |
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| 95 | <sect4><title>expr</title>
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| 96 | <para>expr evaluates expressions.</para></sect4>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <sect4><title>factor</title>
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| 99 | <para>factor prints the prime factors of all specified
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| 100 | integer numbers.</para></sect4>
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| 101 |
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| 102 | <sect4><title>false</title>
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| 103 | <para>false always exits with a status code indicating failure.</para></sect4>
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| 104 |
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| 105 | <sect4><title>fmt</title>
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| 106 | <para>fmt reformats each paragraph in the specified file(s), writing to
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| 107 | standard output.</para></sect4>
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| 108 |
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| 109 | <sect4><title>fold</title>
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| 110 | <para>fold wraps input lines in each specified file (standard input by default),
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| 111 | writing to standard output.</para></sect4>
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| 112 |
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| 113 | <sect4><title>groups</title>
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| 114 | <para>groups prints a user's group memberships.</para></sect4>
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| 115 |
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| 116 | <sect4><title>head</title>
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| 117 | <para>head prints the first xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to
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| 118 | standard output.</para></sect4>
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <sect4><title>hostid</title>
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| 121 | <para>hostid prints the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current
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| 122 | host.</para></sect4>
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| 123 |
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[ab6f1859] | 124 | <sect4><title>hostname</title>
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| 125 | <para>hostname reports or sets the name of the current host.</para></sect4>
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| 126 |
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[7acaebe] | 127 | <sect4><title>id</title>
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| 128 | <para>id prints the effective user and group IDs of the current
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| 129 | user or a given user.</para></sect4>
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| 130 |
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| 131 | <sect4><title>install</title>
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| 132 | <para>install copies files and sets their permission modes and, if possible,
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| 133 | their owner and group.</para></sect4>
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| 134 |
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| 135 | <sect4><title>join</title>
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| 136 | <para>join joins lines of two files on a common field.</para></sect4>
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| 137 |
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[ab6f1859] | 138 | <sect4><title>kill</title>
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| 139 | <para>kill terminates the given process.</para></sect4>
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| 140 |
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[7acaebe] | 141 | <sect4><title>ln</title>
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| 142 | <para>ln makes hard or soft (symbolic) links between files.</para></sect4>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | <sect4><title>logname</title>
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| 145 | <para>logname prints the current user's login name.</para></sect4>
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| 146 |
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| 147 | <sect4><title>md5sum</title>
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| 148 | <para>md5sum prints or checks MD5 checksums.</para></sect4>
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| 149 |
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| 150 | <sect4><title>mkdir</title>
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| 151 | <para>mkdir creates directories with a given name.</para></sect4>
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| 152 |
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| 153 | <sect4><title>mkfifo</title>
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| 154 | <para>mkfifo creates a FIFO with each given name.</para></sect4>
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| 155 |
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| 156 | <sect4><title>mknod</title>
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| 157 | <para>mknod creates a FIFO, character special file or block special file
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| 158 | with the given file name.</para></sect4>
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| 159 |
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| 160 | <sect4><title>mv</title>
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| 161 | <para>mv moves files from one directory to another or renames files, depending
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| 162 | on the arguments given to mv.</para></sect4>
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| 163 |
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| 164 | <sect4><title>nice</title>
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| 165 | <para>nice runs a program with modified scheduling priority.</para></sect4>
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| 166 |
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| 167 | <sect4><title>nl</title>
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| 168 | <para>nl writes each specified file to standard output, with line numbers
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| 169 | added.</para></sect4>
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| 170 |
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| 171 | <sect4><title>nohup</title>
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| 172 | <para>nohup runs a command immune to hangups, with output to a
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| 173 | log file.</para></sect4>
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| 174 |
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| 175 | <sect4><title>od</title>
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| 176 | <para>od writes an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of a
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| 177 | specified file to standard output.</para></sect4>
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| 178 |
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| 179 | <sect4><title>paste</title>
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| 180 | <para>paste writes lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding
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| 181 | lines from each specified file, separated by TABs,
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| 182 | to standard output.</para></sect4>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <sect4><title>pathchk</title>
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| 185 | <para>pathchk checks whether file names are valid or portable.</para></sect4>
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| 186 |
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| 187 | <sect4><title>pinky</title>
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| 188 | <para>pinky is a lightweight finger utility which retrieves information about
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| 189 | a certain user.</para></sect4>
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| 190 |
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| 191 | <sect4><title>pr</title>
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| 192 | <para>pr paginates or columnates files for printing.</para></sect4>
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| 193 |
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| 194 | <sect4><title>printenv</title>
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| 195 | <para>printenv prints all or part of the environment.</para></sect4>
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| 196 |
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| 197 | <sect4><title>printf</title>
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| 198 | <para>printf formats and prints data (the same as the C printf
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| 199 | function).</para></sect4>
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| 200 |
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| 201 | <sect4><title>ptx</title>
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| 202 | <para>ptx produces a permuted index of file contents.</para></sect4>
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| 203 |
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| 204 | <sect4><title>pwd</title>
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| 205 | <para>pwd prints the name of the current/working directory.</para></sect4>
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| 206 |
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| 207 | <sect4><title>rm</title>
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| 208 | <para>rm removes files or directories.</para></sect4>
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| 209 |
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| 210 | <sect4><title>rmdir</title>
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| 211 | <para>rmdir removes directories, if they are empty.</para></sect4>
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| 212 |
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| 213 | <sect4><title>seq</title>
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| 214 | <para>seq prints numbers in a certain range with a certain
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| 215 | increment.</para></sect4>
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| 216 |
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[ab6f1859] | 217 | <sect4><title>sha1sum</title>
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| 218 | <para>sha1sum prints or checks 160-bit SHA1checksums.</para></sect4>
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| 219 |
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[7acaebe] | 220 | <sect4><title>shred</title>
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| 221 | <para>shred deletes a file securely, overwriting it first so that its
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| 222 | contents can't be recovered.</para></sect4>
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| 223 |
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| 224 | <sect4><title>sleep</title>
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| 225 | <para>sleep delays for a specified amount of time.</para></sect4>
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| 226 |
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| 227 | <sect4><title>sort</title>
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| 228 | <para>sort writes sorted concatenation of files to standard
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| 229 | output.</para></sect4>
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| 230 |
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| 231 | <sect4><title>split</title>
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| 232 | <para>split outputs fixed-size pieces of an input file to
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| 233 | PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...</para></sect4>
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| 234 |
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| 235 | <sect4><title>stty</title>
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| 236 | <para>stty changes and prints terminal line settings.</para></sect4>
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| 237 |
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| 238 | <sect4><title>su</title>
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| 239 | <para>su runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs.</para></sect4>
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| 240 |
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| 241 | <sect4><title>sum</title>
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| 242 | <para>sum prints checksum and block counts for each specified
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| 243 | file.</para></sect4>
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| 244 |
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| 245 | <sect4><title>sync</title>
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| 246 | <para>sync forces changed blocks to disk and updates the
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| 247 | super block.</para></sect4>
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| 248 |
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| 249 | <sect4><title>tac</title>
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| 250 | <para>tac writes each specified file to standard output, last line
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| 251 | first.</para></sect4>
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| 252 |
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| 253 | <sect4><title>tail</title>
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| 254 | <para>tail print the last xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to
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| 255 | standard output.</para></sect4>
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| 256 |
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| 257 | <sect4><title>tee</title>
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| 258 | <para>tee reads from standard input and writes to standard output and
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| 259 | files.</para></sect4>
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| 260 |
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| 261 | <sect4><title>test</title>
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| 262 | <para>test checks file types and compares values.</para></sect4>
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| 263 |
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| 264 | <sect4><title>touch</title>
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| 265 | <para>touch changes the access and modification times of each given file to the
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| 266 | current time. Files that do not exist are created empty.</para></sect4>
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| 267 |
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| 268 | <sect4><title>tr</title>
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| 269 | <para>tr translates, squeezes, and/or deletes characters from standard
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| 270 | input, writing to standard output.</para></sect4>
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| 271 |
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| 272 | <sect4><title>true</title>
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| 273 | <para>true always exits with a status code indicating success.</para></sect4>
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| 274 |
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| 275 | <sect4><title>tsort</title>
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| 276 | <para>tsort writes totally ordered lists consistent with the partial ordering
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| 277 | in specified files.</para></sect4>
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| 278 |
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| 279 | <sect4><title>tty</title>
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| 280 | <para>tty prints the file name of the terminal connected to standard
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| 281 | input.</para></sect4>
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| 282 |
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| 283 | <sect4><title>uname</title>
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| 284 | <para>uname prints system information.</para></sect4>
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| 285 |
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| 286 | <sect4><title>unexpand</title>
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| 287 | <para>unexpand converts spaces in each file to tabs, writing to standard
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| 288 | output.</para></sect4>
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| 289 |
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| 290 | <sect4><title>uniq</title>
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| 291 | <para>uniq removes duplicate lines from a sorted file.</para></sect4>
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| 292 |
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| 293 | <sect4><title>uptime</title>
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| 294 | <para>uptime tells how long the system has been running.</para></sect4>
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| 295 |
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| 296 | <sect4><title>users</title>
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| 297 | <para>users prints the user names of users currently logged in to the
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| 298 | current host.</para></sect4>
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| 299 |
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| 300 | <sect4><title>wc</title>
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| 301 | <para>wc prints line, word and byte counts for each specified file and a
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| 302 | total line, if more than one file is specified.</para></sect4>
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| 303 |
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| 304 | <sect4><title>who</title>
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| 305 | <para>who shows who is logged on.</para></sect4>
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| 306 |
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| 307 | <sect4><title>whoami</title>
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| 308 | <para>whoami prints the user name associated with the current
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| 309 | effective user ID.</para></sect4>
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| 310 |
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| 311 | <sect4><title>yes</title>
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| 312 | <para>yes outputs 'y' or a given string repeatedly,
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| 313 | until killed.</para></sect4>
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| 314 |
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| 315 | </sect3>
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| 316 |
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| 317 | </sect2>
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| 318 |
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