1 | <sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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2 |
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3 | <sect2><title>Descriptions</title>
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4 |
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5 | <sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
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6 |
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7 | <sect4><title>basename</title>
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8 | <para>basename strips directory and suffixes from filenames.</para></sect4>
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9 |
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10 | <sect4><title>cat</title>
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11 | <para>cat concatenates file(s) or standard input to
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12 | standard output.</para></sect4>
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13 |
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14 | <sect4><title>chgrp</title>
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15 | <para>chgrp changes the group ownership of each given file to the named group,
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16 | which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID.</para></sect4>
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17 |
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18 | <sect4><title>chmod</title>
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19 | <para>chmod changes the permissions of each given file according to mode, which
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20 | can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make or an octal
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21 | number representing the bit pattern for the new permissions.</para></sect4>
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22 |
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23 | <sect4><title>chown</title>
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24 | <para>chown changes the user and/or group ownership of each
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25 | given file.</para></sect4>
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26 |
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27 | <sect4><title>chroot</title>
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28 | <para>chroot runs a command or interactive shell with special
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29 | root directory.</para></sect4>
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30 |
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31 | <sect4><title>cksum</title>
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32 | <para>cksum prints CRC checksum and byte counts of each specified
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33 | file.</para></sect4>
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34 |
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35 | <sect4><title>comm</title>
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36 | <para>comm compares two sorted files line by line.</para></sect4>
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37 |
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38 | <sect4><title>cp</title>
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39 | <para>cp copies files from one place to another.</para></sect4>
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40 |
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41 | <sect4><title>csplit</title>
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42 | <para>csplit outputs pieces of a file separated by (a) pattern(s) to files
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43 | xx01, xx02, ..., and outputs byte counts of each piece to standard
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44 | output.</para></sect4>
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45 |
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46 | <sect4><title>cut</title>
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47 | <para>cut prints selected parts of lines from specified files to standard
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48 | output.</para></sect4>
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49 |
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50 | <sect4><title>date</title>
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51 | <para>date displays the current time in a specified format, or sets
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52 | the system date.</para></sect4>
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53 |
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54 | <sect4><title>dd</title>
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55 | <para>dd copies a file (from the standard input to the standard output, by
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56 | default) with a user-selectable blocksize, while optionally performing
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57 | conversions on it.</para></sect4>
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58 |
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59 | <sect4><title>df</title>
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60 | <para>df displays the amount of disk space available on the filesystem
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61 | containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space
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62 | available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown.</para></sect4>
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63 |
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64 | <sect4><title>dir, ls and vdir</title>
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65 | <para>dir and vdir are versions of ls with different default output formats.
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66 | These programs list each given file or directory name. Directory contents
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67 | are sorted alphabetically. For ls, files are, by default, listed in columns
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68 | sorted vertically if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise they
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69 | are listed one per line. For dir, files are, by default, listed in columns
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70 | sorted vertically. For vdir, files are, by default, listed in
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71 | long format.</para></sect4>
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72 |
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73 | <sect4><title>dircolors</title>
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74 | <para>dircolors outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR environment variable.
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75 | The LS_COLOR variable is use to change the default color scheme used by
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76 | ls and related utilities.</para></sect4>
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77 |
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78 | <sect4><title>dirname</title>
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79 | <para>dirname strips non-directory suffixes from file name.</para></sect4>
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80 |
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81 | <sect4><title>du</title>
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82 | <para>du displays the amount of disk space used by each file or directory
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83 | listed on the command-line and by each of their subdirectories.</para></sect4>
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84 |
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85 | <sect4><title>echo</title>
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86 | <para>echo displays a line of text.</para></sect4>
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87 |
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88 | <sect4><title>env</title>
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89 | <para>env runs a program in a modified environment.</para></sect4>
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90 |
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91 | <sect4><title>expand</title>
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92 | <para>expand converts tabs in files to spaces, writing to standard
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93 | output.</para></sect4>
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94 |
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95 | <sect4><title>expr</title>
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96 | <para>expr evaluates expressions.</para></sect4>
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97 |
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98 | <sect4><title>factor</title>
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99 | <para>factor prints the prime factors of all specified
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100 | integer numbers.</para></sect4>
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101 |
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102 | <sect4><title>false</title>
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103 | <para>false always exits with a status code indicating failure.</para></sect4>
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104 |
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105 | <sect4><title>fmt</title>
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106 | <para>fmt reformats each paragraph in the specified file(s), writing to
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107 | standard output.</para></sect4>
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108 |
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109 | <sect4><title>fold</title>
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110 | <para>fold wraps input lines in each specified file (standard input by default),
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111 | writing to standard output.</para></sect4>
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112 |
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113 | <sect4><title>groups</title>
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114 | <para>groups prints a user's group memberships.</para></sect4>
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115 |
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116 | <sect4><title>head</title>
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117 | <para>head prints the first xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to
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118 | standard output.</para></sect4>
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119 |
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120 | <sect4><title>hostid</title>
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121 | <para>hostid prints the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current
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122 | host.</para></sect4>
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123 |
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124 | <sect4><title>hostname</title>
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125 | <para>hostname reports or sets the name of the current host.</para></sect4>
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126 |
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127 | <sect4><title>id</title>
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128 | <para>id prints the effective user and group IDs of the current
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129 | user or a given user.</para></sect4>
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130 |
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131 | <sect4><title>install</title>
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132 | <para>install copies files and sets their permission modes and, if possible,
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133 | their owner and group.</para></sect4>
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134 |
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135 | <sect4><title>join</title>
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136 | <para>join joins lines of two files on a common field.</para></sect4>
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137 |
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138 | <sect4><title>kill</title>
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139 | <para>kill terminates the given process.</para></sect4>
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140 |
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141 | <sect4><title>ln</title>
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142 | <para>ln makes hard or soft (symbolic) links between files.</para></sect4>
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143 |
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144 | <sect4><title>logname</title>
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145 | <para>logname prints the current user's login name.</para></sect4>
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146 |
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147 | <sect4><title>md5sum</title>
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148 | <para>md5sum prints or checks MD5 checksums.</para></sect4>
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149 |
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150 | <sect4><title>mkdir</title>
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151 | <para>mkdir creates directories with a given name.</para></sect4>
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152 |
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153 | <sect4><title>mkfifo</title>
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154 | <para>mkfifo creates a FIFO with each given name.</para></sect4>
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155 |
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156 | <sect4><title>mknod</title>
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157 | <para>mknod creates a FIFO, character special file or block special file
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158 | with the given file name.</para></sect4>
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159 |
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160 | <sect4><title>mv</title>
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161 | <para>mv moves files from one directory to another or renames files, depending
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162 | on the arguments given to mv.</para></sect4>
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163 |
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164 | <sect4><title>nice</title>
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165 | <para>nice runs a program with modified scheduling priority.</para></sect4>
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166 |
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167 | <sect4><title>nl</title>
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168 | <para>nl writes each specified file to standard output, with line numbers
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169 | added.</para></sect4>
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170 |
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171 | <sect4><title>nohup</title>
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172 | <para>nohup runs a command immune to hangups, with output to a
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173 | log file.</para></sect4>
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174 |
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175 | <sect4><title>od</title>
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176 | <para>od writes an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of a
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177 | specified file to standard output.</para></sect4>
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178 |
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179 | <sect4><title>paste</title>
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180 | <para>paste writes lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding
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181 | lines from each specified file, separated by TABs,
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182 | to standard output.</para></sect4>
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183 |
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184 | <sect4><title>pathchk</title>
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185 | <para>pathchk checks whether file names are valid or portable.</para></sect4>
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186 |
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187 | <sect4><title>pinky</title>
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188 | <para>pinky is a lightweight finger utility which retrieves information about
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189 | a certain user.</para></sect4>
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190 |
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191 | <sect4><title>pr</title>
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192 | <para>pr paginates or columnates files for printing.</para></sect4>
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193 |
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194 | <sect4><title>printenv</title>
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195 | <para>printenv prints all or part of the environment.</para></sect4>
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196 |
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197 | <sect4><title>printf</title>
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198 | <para>printf formats and prints data (the same as the C printf
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199 | function).</para></sect4>
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200 |
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201 | <sect4><title>ptx</title>
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202 | <para>ptx produces a permuted index of file contents.</para></sect4>
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203 |
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204 | <sect4><title>pwd</title>
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205 | <para>pwd prints the name of the current/working directory.</para></sect4>
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206 |
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207 | <sect4><title>rm</title>
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208 | <para>rm removes files or directories.</para></sect4>
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209 |
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210 | <sect4><title>rmdir</title>
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211 | <para>rmdir removes directories, if they are empty.</para></sect4>
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212 |
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213 | <sect4><title>seq</title>
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214 | <para>seq prints numbers in a certain range with a certain
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215 | increment.</para></sect4>
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216 |
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217 | <sect4><title>sha1sum</title>
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218 | <para>sha1sum prints or checks 160-bit SHA1checksums.</para></sect4>
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219 |
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220 | <sect4><title>shred</title>
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221 | <para>shred deletes a file securely, overwriting it first so that its
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222 | contents can't be recovered.</para></sect4>
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223 |
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224 | <sect4><title>sleep</title>
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225 | <para>sleep delays for a specified amount of time.</para></sect4>
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226 |
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227 | <sect4><title>sort</title>
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228 | <para>sort writes sorted concatenation of files to standard
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229 | output.</para></sect4>
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230 |
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231 | <sect4><title>split</title>
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232 | <para>split outputs fixed-size pieces of an input file to
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233 | PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...</para></sect4>
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234 |
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235 | <sect4><title>stty</title>
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236 | <para>stty changes and prints terminal line settings.</para></sect4>
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237 |
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238 | <sect4><title>su</title>
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239 | <para>su runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs.</para></sect4>
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240 |
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241 | <sect4><title>sum</title>
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242 | <para>sum prints checksum and block counts for each specified
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243 | file.</para></sect4>
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244 |
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245 | <sect4><title>sync</title>
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246 | <para>sync forces changed blocks to disk and updates the
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247 | super block.</para></sect4>
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248 |
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249 | <sect4><title>tac</title>
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250 | <para>tac writes each specified file to standard output, last line
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251 | first.</para></sect4>
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252 |
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253 | <sect4><title>tail</title>
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254 | <para>tail print the last xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to
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255 | standard output.</para></sect4>
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256 |
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257 | <sect4><title>tee</title>
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258 | <para>tee reads from standard input and writes to standard output and
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259 | files.</para></sect4>
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260 |
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261 | <sect4><title>test</title>
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262 | <para>test checks file types and compares values.</para></sect4>
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263 |
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264 | <sect4><title>touch</title>
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265 | <para>touch changes the access and modification times of each given file to the
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266 | current time. Files that do not exist are created empty.</para></sect4>
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267 |
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268 | <sect4><title>tr</title>
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269 | <para>tr translates, squeezes, and/or deletes characters from standard
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270 | input, writing to standard output.</para></sect4>
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271 |
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272 | <sect4><title>true</title>
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273 | <para>true always exits with a status code indicating success.</para></sect4>
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274 |
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275 | <sect4><title>tsort</title>
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276 | <para>tsort writes totally ordered lists consistent with the partial ordering
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277 | in specified files.</para></sect4>
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278 |
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279 | <sect4><title>tty</title>
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280 | <para>tty prints the file name of the terminal connected to standard
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281 | input.</para></sect4>
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282 |
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283 | <sect4><title>uname</title>
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284 | <para>uname prints system information.</para></sect4>
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285 |
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286 | <sect4><title>unexpand</title>
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287 | <para>unexpand converts spaces in each file to tabs, writing to standard
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288 | output.</para></sect4>
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289 |
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290 | <sect4><title>uniq</title>
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291 | <para>uniq removes duplicate lines from a sorted file.</para></sect4>
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292 |
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293 | <sect4><title>uptime</title>
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294 | <para>uptime tells how long the system has been running.</para></sect4>
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295 |
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296 | <sect4><title>users</title>
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297 | <para>users prints the user names of users currently logged in to the
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298 | current host.</para></sect4>
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299 |
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300 | <sect4><title>wc</title>
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301 | <para>wc prints line, word and byte counts for each specified file and a
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302 | total line, if more than one file is specified.</para></sect4>
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303 |
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304 | <sect4><title>who</title>
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305 | <para>who shows who is logged on.</para></sect4>
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306 |
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307 | <sect4><title>whoami</title>
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308 | <para>whoami prints the user name associated with the current
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309 | effective user ID.</para></sect4>
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310 |
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311 | <sect4><title>yes</title>
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312 | <para>yes outputs 'y' or a given string repeatedly,
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313 | until killed.</para></sect4>
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314 |
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315 | </sect3>
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316 |
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317 | </sect2>
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318 |
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