Last checked against version &fileutils-contversion;. chgrp changes the group ownership of each given file to the named group, which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID. chmod changes the permissions of each given file according to mode, which can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make or an octal number representing the bit pattern for the new permissions. chown changes the user and/or group ownership of each given file. cp copies files from one place to another. dd copies a file (from the standard input to the standard output, by default) with a user-selectable blocksize, while optionally performing conversions on it. df displays the amount of disk space available on the filesystem containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown. dir and vdir are versions of ls with different default output formats. These programs list each given file or directory name. Directory contents are sorted alphabetically. For ls, files are, by default, listed in columns sorted vertically if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise they are listed one per line. For dir, files are, by default, listed in columns sorted vertically. For vdir, files are, by default, listed in long format. dircolors outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR environment variable. The LS_COLOR variable is use to change the default color scheme used by ls and related utilities. du displays the amount of disk space used by each file or directory listed on the command-line and by each of their subdirectories. install copies files and sets their permission modes and, if possible, their owner and group. ln makes hard or soft (symbolic) links between files. mkdir creates directories with a given name. mkfifo creates a FIFO with each given name. mknod creates a FIFO, character special file or block special file with the given file name. mv moves files from one directory to another or renames files, depending on the arguments given to mv. rm removes files or directories. rmdir removes directories, if they are empty. shred deletes a file securely, overwriting it first so that its contents can't be recovered. sync forces changed blocks to disk and updates the super block. touch changes the access and modification times of each given file to the current time. Files that do not exist are created empty.