[6370fa6] | 1 | <sect1 id="ch02-install">
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| 2 | <title>How to install the software</title>
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| 3 |
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| 4 | <para>
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| 5 | Before you can actually start doing something with a package, you need
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| 6 | to unpack it first. Often you will find the package files being tar'ed and
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| 7 | gzip'ed (you can determind this by looking at the extension of the file.
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| 8 | tar'ed and gzip'ed archives have a .tar.gz or .tgz extension for
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| 9 | example)). I'm not going to write down every time how to ungzip and how
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| 10 | to untar an archive. I will tell you how to do that once, in this paragraph.
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| 11 | There is also the possibility that you have the ability of downloading
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| 12 | a .tar.bz2 file. Such a file is tar'ed and compressed with the bzip2 program.
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| 13 | Bzip2 achieves a better compression than the commonly used gzip does. In
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| 14 | order to use bz2 archives you need to have the bzip2 program installed.
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| 15 | Most if not every distribution comes with this program so chances are
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| 16 | high it is already installed on your system. If not, install it using
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| 17 | your distribution's installation tool.
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| 18 | </para>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <para>
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| 21 | To start with, change to the $LFS/usr/src directory by running:
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| 22 | </para>
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| 23 |
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| 24 | <blockquote><literallayout>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <userinput>cd $LFS/usr/src</userinput>
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| 27 |
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| 28 | </literallayout></blockquote>
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| 29 |
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| 30 | <para>
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| 31 | When you have a file that is tar'ed and gzip'ed, you unpack it by
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| 32 | running either one of the following two commands, depending on the
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| 33 | filename format:
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| 34 | </para>
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| 35 |
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| 36 | <blockquote><literallayout>
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| 37 |
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| 38 | <userinput>tar xvzf filename.tar.gz</userinput>
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| 39 | <userinput>tar xvzf filename.tgz</userinput>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | </literallayout></blockquote>
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| 42 |
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| 43 |
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| 44 | <para>
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| 45 | When you have a file that is tar'ed and bzip'ed, you unpack it by
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| 46 | running:
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| 47 | </para>
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| 48 |
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| 49 | <blockquote><literallayout>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <userinput>bzcat filename.tar.bz2 | tar xv</userinput>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | </literallayout></blockquote>
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| 54 |
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| 55 | <para>
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| 56 | Some tar programs (most of them nowadays but not all of them) are
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| 57 | slightly modified to be able to use bzip2 files directly using either
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| 58 | the I or the y tar parameter which works the same as the z tar parameter
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| 59 | to handle gzip archives.
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| 60 | </para>
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| 61 |
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| 62 | <para>
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| 63 | When you have a file that is tar'ed, you unpack it by running:
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| 64 | </para>
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| 65 |
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| 66 | <blockquote><literallayout>
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| 67 |
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| 68 | <userinput>tar xvf filename.tar</userinput>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | </literallayout></blockquote>
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| 71 |
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| 72 | <para>
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| 73 | When the archive is unpacked a new directory will be created under the
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| 74 | current directory (and this document assumes that you unpack the archives
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| 75 | under the $LFS/usr/src directory). You have to enter that new directory
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| 76 | before you continue with the installation instructions. So everytime the
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| 77 | book is going to install a program, it's up to you to unpack the source
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| 78 | archive.
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| 79 | </para>
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| 80 |
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| 81 | <para>
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| 82 | After you have installed a package you can do two things with it. You can
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| 83 | either delete the directory that contains the sources or you can keep it.
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| 84 | If you decide to keep it, that's fine by me. But if you need the same package
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| 85 | again in a later chapter you need to delete the directory first before using
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| 86 | it again. If you don't do this, you might end up in trouble because old
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| 87 | settings will be used (settings that apply to your normal Linux system but
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| 88 | which don't always apply to your LFS system). Doing a simple make clean
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| 89 | or make distclean does not always guarantee a totally clean source tree.
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| 90 | The configure script can also have files lying around in various
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| 91 | subdirectories which aren't always removed by a make clean process.
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| 92 | </para>
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| 93 |
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| 94 | <para>
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| 95 | There is on exception to that rule: don't remove the linux kernel source
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| 96 | tree. A lot of programs need the kernel headers, so that's the only
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| 97 | directory you don't want to remove, unless you are not going to
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| 98 | compile any software anymore.
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| 99 | </para>
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| 100 |
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| 101 | </sect1>
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| 102 |
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