[6370fa6] | 1 | <sect1 id="ch02-install">
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| 2 | <title>How to install the software</title>
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| 3 |
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| 4 | <para>
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[ff9fe017] | 5 | Before you can actually start doing something with a package, you need
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[aff91c4] | 6 | to unpack it first. Often the package files are tar'ed and
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[ff9fe017] | 7 | gzip'ed. (That can be determined by looking at the extension of the file.
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[87c057b] | 8 | Tar'ed and gzip'ed archives have a .tar.gz or .tgz extension, for
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[a8e58c7e] | 9 | example.) I'm not going to write down every time how to ungzip and how
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[aff91c4] | 10 | to untar an archive. I will tell how to do that once, in this section.
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[87c057b] | 11 | There is also the possibility that a .tar.bz2 file could be downloaded.
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| 12 | Such a file would be tar'ed and compressed with the bzip2 program.
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[ff9fe017] | 13 | Bzip2 achieves a better compression than the more commonly used gzip does.
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| 14 | In order to use bz2 archives, the bzip2 program needs to be installed.
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[87c057b] | 15 | Most if not every distribution comes with this program, so chances are
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[ff9fe017] | 16 | high it is already installed on the host system. If not, it's installed
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| 17 | using the distribution's installation tool.
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[6370fa6] | 18 | </para>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <para>
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| 21 | To start with, change to the $LFS/usr/src directory by running:
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| 22 | </para>
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| 23 |
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| 24 | <blockquote><literallayout>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <userinput>cd $LFS/usr/src</userinput>
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| 27 |
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| 28 | </literallayout></blockquote>
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| 29 |
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| 30 | <para>
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[aff91c4] | 31 | If a file is tar'ed and gzip'ed, it is unpacked by
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[6370fa6] | 32 | running either one of the following two commands, depending on the
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[ff9fe017] | 33 | filename:
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[6370fa6] | 34 | </para>
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| 35 |
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| 36 | <blockquote><literallayout>
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| 37 |
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| 38 | <userinput>tar xvzf filename.tar.gz</userinput>
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| 39 | <userinput>tar xvzf filename.tgz</userinput>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | </literallayout></blockquote>
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| 42 |
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| 43 |
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| 44 | <para>
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[aff91c4] | 45 | If a file is tar'ed and bzip2'ed, it is unpacked by
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[6370fa6] | 46 | running:
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| 47 | </para>
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| 48 |
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| 49 | <blockquote><literallayout>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <userinput>bzcat filename.tar.bz2 | tar xv</userinput>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | </literallayout></blockquote>
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| 54 |
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| 55 | <para>
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| 56 | Some tar programs (most of them nowadays but not all of them) are
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| 57 | slightly modified to be able to use bzip2 files directly using either
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[87c057b] | 58 | the I or the y tar parameter, which works the same as the z tar parameter
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[ff9fe017] | 59 | to handle gzip archives. The above construction works no matter how
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| 60 | your host system decided to patch bzip2.
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[6370fa6] | 61 | </para>
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| 62 |
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| 63 | <para>
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[aff91c4] | 64 | If a file is just tar'ed, it is unpacked by running:
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[6370fa6] | 65 | </para>
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| 66 |
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| 67 | <blockquote><literallayout>
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| 68 |
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| 69 | <userinput>tar xvf filename.tar</userinput>
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| 70 |
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| 71 | </literallayout></blockquote>
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| 72 |
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| 73 | <para>
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[87c057b] | 74 | When the archive is unpacked, a new directory will be created under the
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[aff91c4] | 75 | current directory (and this document assumes that the archives are unpacked
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[ff9fe017] | 76 | under the $LFS/usr/src directory). Please enter that new directory
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| 77 | before continuing with the installation instructions. Again, every time
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| 78 | this book is going to install a package, it's up to you to unpack the source
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| 79 | archive and cd into the newly created directory.
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| 80 | </para>
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| 81 |
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| 82 | <para>
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| 83 | From time to time you will be dealing with single files such as patch
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| 84 | files. These files are generally gzip'ed or bzip2'ed. Before such files
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| 85 | can be used they need to be uncompressed first.
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[6370fa6] | 86 | </para>
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| 87 |
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[a9f0291] | 88 | <para>
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[87c057b] | 89 | If a file is gzip'ed, it is unpacked by running:
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[a9f0291] | 90 | </para>
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| 91 |
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| 92 | <blockquote><literallayout>
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| 93 |
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| 94 | <userinput>gunzip filename.gz</userinput>
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| 95 |
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| 96 | </literallayout></blockquote>
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| 97 |
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[ff9fe017] | 98 | <para>
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| 99 | If a file is bzip2'ed, it is unpacked by running:
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[0375b34] | 100 | </para>
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[ff9fe017] | 101 |
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| 102 | <blockquote><literallayout>
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| 103 |
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| 104 | <userinput>bunzip2 filename.bz2</userinput>
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| 105 |
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| 106 | </literallayout></blockquote>
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| 107 |
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[6370fa6] | 108 | <para>
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[87c057b] | 109 | After a package is installed, two things can be done with it:
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| 110 | either the directory that contains the sources can be deleted,
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[ff9fe017] | 111 | either it can be kept. If it is kept, that's fine with me, but if the
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| 112 | same package is needed again in a later chapter, the directory
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| 113 | needs to be deleted first before using it again. If this is not done,
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| 114 | you might end up in trouble because old settings will be used (settings
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| 115 | that apply to the normal Linux system but which don't always apply to
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| 116 | the LFS system). Doing a simple make clean or make distclean does not
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| 117 | always guarantee a totally clean source tree.
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[6370fa6] | 118 | </para>
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <para>
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[c9a85f1] | 121 | There is one exception to that rule: don't remove the linux kernel source
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[6370fa6] | 122 | tree. A lot of programs need the kernel headers, so that's the only
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[aff91c4] | 123 | directory that should not be removed, unless no software is to be compiled
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| 124 | anymore.
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[6370fa6] | 125 | </para>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | </sect1>
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| 128 |
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