| 1 | <sect1 id="ch04-creatingdirs">
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| 2 | <title>Creating directories</title>
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| 3 |
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| 4 | <para>
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| 5 | Let's create the directory tree on the LFS partition based on the FHS
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| 6 | standard, which can be found at <ulink
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| 7 | url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/">http://www.pathname.com/fhs/</ulink>.
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| 8 | Issuing the following commands will create a default directory layout:
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| 9 | </para>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <para>
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| 12 | <screen>
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| 13 | <userinput>cd $LFS</userinput>
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| 14 | <userinput>mkdir -p bin boot dev/pts etc/opt home lib mnt proc root sbin tmp var opt</userinput>
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| 15 | <userinput>for dirname in $LFS/usr $LFS/usr/local</userinput>
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| 16 | <userinput><literal> do</literal></userinput>
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| 17 | <userinput> mkdir $dirname</userinput>
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| 18 | <userinput> cd $dirname</userinput>
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| 19 | <userinput> mkdir bin etc include lib sbin share src var</userinput>
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| 20 | <userinput> ln -s share/man man</userinput>
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| 21 | <userinput> ln -s share/doc doc</userinput>
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| 22 | <userinput> ln -s share/info info</userinput>
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| 23 | <userinput> cd $dirname/share</userinput>
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| 24 | <userinput> mkdir dict doc info locale man nls misc terminfo zoneinfo</userinput>
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| 25 | <userinput> cd $dirname/share/man</userinput>
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| 26 | <userinput> mkdir man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}</userinput>
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| 27 | <userinput>done</userinput>
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| 28 | <userinput>cd $LFS/var</userinput>
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| 29 | <userinput>mkdir -p lock log mail run spool tmp opt cache lib/misc local</userinput>
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| 30 | <userinput>cd $LFS/opt</userinput>
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| 31 | <userinput>mkdir bin doc include info lib man</userinput>
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| 32 | <userinput>cd $LFS/usr</userinput>
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| 33 | <userinput>ln -s ../var/tmp tmp</userinput>
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| 34 | </screen></para>
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| 35 |
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| 36 | <para>
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| 37 | Normally, directories are created with permission mode 755, which isn't
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| 38 | desired for all directories. The first change is a mode 0750 for the
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| 39 | $LFS/root directory. This is to make sure that not just everybody can
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| 40 | enter the /root directory (the same a user would do with /home/username
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| 41 | directories). The second change is a mode 1777 for the tmp
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| 42 | directories. This way, any user can write data to the /tmp or /var/tmp
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| 43 | directory but cannot remove another user's files (the latter is caused
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| 44 | by the so-called "sticky bit" - bit 1 of the 1777 bit mask).
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| 45 | </para>
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| 46 |
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| 47 | <para>
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| 48 | <screen>
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| 49 | <userinput>cd $LFS &&</userinput>
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| 50 | <userinput>chmod 0750 root &&</userinput>
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| 51 | <userinput>chmod 1777 tmp var/tmp</userinput>
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| 52 | </screen>
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| 53 | </para>
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| 54 |
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| 55 | <para>
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| 56 | Now that the directories are created, copy the source files that were
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| 57 | downloaded in chapter 3 to some subdirectory under $LFS/usr/src (you
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| 58 | will need to create the desired directory yourself).
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| 59 | </para>
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| 60 |
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| 61 | <sect2>
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| 62 | <title>FHS compliance notes</title>
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| 63 |
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| 64 | <para>
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| 65 | The FHS stipulates that the /usr/local directory should contain the bin, games,
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| 66 | include, lib, man, sbin, and share subdirectories. You can alter your /usr/local
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| 67 | directory yourself if you want your system to be FHS-compliant.
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| 68 | </para>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <para>
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| 71 | Also, the standard says that there should exist a /usr/share/games directory,
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| 72 | which we don't much like for a base system. But feel free to make your system
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| 73 | FHS-compliant if you wish. The FHS isn't precise as to the structure of the
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| 74 | /usr/local/share subdirectories, so we took the liberty of creating the
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| 75 | directories that we felt needed.
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| 76 | </para>
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| 77 |
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| 78 | </sect2>
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| 79 |
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| 80 | </sect1>
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| 81 |
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