source: chapter04/aboutsbus.xml@ dd61c77

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<sect1 id="ch-preps-aboutsbus">
  <?dbhtml filename="aboutsbus.html"?>

  <title>About SBUs</title>

  <para>Many people would like to know beforehand approximately how long
  it takes to compile and install each package. Because Linux From
  Scratch can be built on many different systems, it is impossible to
  provide absolute time estimates. The biggest package (Glibc) will
  take approximately 20 minutes on the fastest systems, but could take
  up to three days on slower systems! Instead of providing actual times,
  the Standard Build Unit (SBU) measure will be
  used instead.</para>

  <para>The SBU measure works as follows. The first package to be compiled
  is binutils in <xref linkend="chapter-cross-tools"/>. The
  time it takes to compile this package is what we will refer to as the
  Standard Build Unit or SBU. All other compile times will be expressed in
  terms of this unit of time.</para>

  <para>For example, consider a package whose compilation time is 4.5
  SBUs. This means that if your system took 10 minutes to compile and
  install the first pass of binutils, it will take
  <emphasis>approximately</emphasis> 45 minutes to build the example package.
  Fortunately, most build times are shorter than one SBU.</para>

  <para>SBUs are not entirely accurate because they depend on many
  factors, including the host system's version of GCC.  They are provided here
  to give an estimate of how long it might take to install a package, but the
  numbers can vary by as much as dozens of minutes in some cases.</para>

  <note>
    <para>In the cross edition, the SBUs are kept same as the original LFS
    book.  They should only be considered as a reference. It obviously does
    not make sense to predict the building time in Chapter 7 or 8 with
    <quote>1 SBU</quote> measured in Chapter 5, as the target machine and
    the machine running the host distro may be completely different.</para>
  </note>

  <note>
    <para>For many modern systems with multiple processors (or cores) the
    compilation time for a package can be reduced by performing a "parallel
    make" by either setting an environment variable or telling the
    <command>make</command> program how many processors are available.  For
    instance, an Intel i5-6500 CPU can support four simultaneous processes with:</para>

    <screen role="nodump"><userinput>export MAKEFLAGS='-j4'</userinput></screen>

    <para>or by building with:</para>

    <screen role="nodump"><userinput>make -j4</userinput></screen>

    <para>When multiple processors are used in this way, the SBU units in the
    book will vary even more than they normally would.  In some cases, the make
    step will simply fail.  Analyzing the output of the build process will also
    be more difficult because the lines from different processes will be
    interleaved.  If you run into a problem with a build step, revert to a
    single processor build to properly analyze the error messages.</para>
  </note>

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