1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-preps-addinguser">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="addinguser.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <title>Adding the LFS User</title>
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12 |
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13 | <para>When logged in as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>,
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14 | making a single mistake can damage or destroy a system. Therefore,
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15 | the packages in the next two chapters are built as an unprivileged user.
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16 | You could use your own user name, but to make it easier to set up a clean
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17 | working environment, create a new user called <systemitem
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18 | class="username">lfs</systemitem> as a member of a new group (also named
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19 | <systemitem class="groupname">lfs</systemitem>) and use this user during
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20 | the installation process. As <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>,
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21 | issue the following commands to add the new user:</para>
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22 |
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23 | <screen><userinput>groupadd lfs
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24 | useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs</userinput></screen>
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25 |
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26 | <variablelist>
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27 | <title>The meaning of the command line options:</title>
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28 |
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29 | <varlistentry>
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30 | <term><parameter>-s /bin/bash</parameter></term>
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31 | <listitem>
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32 | <para>This makes <command>bash</command> the default shell for user
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33 | <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>.</para>
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34 | </listitem>
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35 | </varlistentry>
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36 |
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37 | <varlistentry>
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38 | <term><parameter>-g lfs</parameter></term>
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39 | <listitem>
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40 | <para>This option adds user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>
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41 | to group <systemitem class="groupname">lfs</systemitem>.</para>
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42 | </listitem>
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43 | </varlistentry>
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44 |
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45 | <varlistentry>
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46 | <term><parameter>-m</parameter></term>
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47 | <listitem>
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48 | <para>This creates a home directory for <systemitem
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49 | class="username">lfs</systemitem>.</para>
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50 | </listitem>
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51 | </varlistentry>
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52 |
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53 | <varlistentry>
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54 | <term><parameter>-k /dev/null</parameter></term>
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55 | <listitem>
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56 | <para>This parameter prevents possible copying of files from a skeleton
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57 | directory (default is <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>)
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58 | by changing the input location to the special null device.</para>
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59 | </listitem>
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60 | </varlistentry>
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61 |
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62 | <varlistentry>
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63 | <term><parameter>lfs</parameter></term>
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64 | <listitem>
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65 | <para>This is the actual name for the created user.</para>
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66 | </listitem>
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67 | </varlistentry>
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68 |
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69 | </variablelist>
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70 |
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71 | <para>To log in as <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> (as opposed
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72 | to switching to user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> when logged
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73 | in as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, which does not require
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74 | the <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> user to have a password),
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75 | give <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> a password:</para>
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76 |
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77 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>passwd lfs</userinput></screen>
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78 |
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79 | <para>Grant <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> full access to
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80 | all directories under <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> by making
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81 | <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> the directory owner:</para>
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82 |
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83 | <screen><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/{usr,lib,var,etc,bin,sbin,tools}
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84 | case $(uname -m) in
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85 | x86_64) chown -v lfs $LFS/lib64 ;;
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86 | esac</userinput></screen>
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87 | <screen arch="ml_32" ><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS&lib-m32;</userinput></screen>
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88 | <screen arch="ml_x32" ><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS&lib-mx32;</userinput></screen>
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89 | <screen arch="ml_all" ><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/{lib32,libx32}</userinput></screen>
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90 |
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91 | <para>If a separate working directory was created as suggested, give
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92 | user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> ownership of this
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93 | directory:</para>
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94 |
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95 | <screen><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>
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96 |
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97 | <note><para>In some host systems, the following command does not complete
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98 | properly and suspends the login to the lfs user to the background. If the
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99 | prompt "lfs:~$" does not appear immediately, entering the
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100 | <command>fg</command> command will fix the issue.</para></note>
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101 |
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102 | <para>Next, login as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>.
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103 | This can be done via a virtual console, through a display manager, or with
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104 | the following substitute/switch user command:</para>
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105 |
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106 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>su - lfs</userinput></screen>
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107 |
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108 | <para>The <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> instructs
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109 | <command>su</command> to start a login shell as opposed to a non-login shell.
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110 | The difference between these two types of shells can be found in detail in
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111 | <filename>bash(1)</filename> and <command>info bash</command>.</para>
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112 |
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113 | </sect1>
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