source: chapter05/binutils-pass1.xml@ a6be895

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<sect1 id="ch-tools-binutils-pass1" role="wrap">
  <?dbhtml filename="binutils-pass1.html"?>

  <title>Binutils-&binutils-version; - Pass 1</title>

  <indexterm zone="ch-tools-binutils-pass1">
    <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
    <secondary>tools, pass 1</secondary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title/>

    <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
    href="../chapter06/binutils.xml"
    xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/para[1])"/>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>&binutils-ch5p1-sbu;</seg>
        <seg>&binutils-ch5p1-du;</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of Binutils</title>

    <para>It is important that Binutils be the first package compiled
    because both Glibc and GCC perform various tests on the available
    linker and assembler to determine which of their own features to
    enable.</para>

    <para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
    source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>

<screen><userinput>mkdir -v ../binutils-build
cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>

    <note>
      <para>In order for the SBU values listed in the rest of the book
      to be of any use, measure the time it takes to build this package from
      the configuration, up to and including the first install. To achieve
      this easily, wrap the three commands in a <command>time</command>
      command like this: <userinput>time { ./configure ... &amp;&amp; make
      &amp;&amp; make install; }</userinput>.</para>
    </note>

    <para>Test to see if the host is a 64-bit capable machine and set a variable
    if it is.</para>

<screen><userinput>test $(uname -m | grep 64) &amp;&amp; M64="-m64"</userinput></screen>

    <para>Now prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>

<screen><userinput>CC="gcc -B/usr/bin/ $M64" ../binutils-&binutils-version;/configure \
    --prefix=/tools --disable-nls --disable-werror
unset M64</userinput></screen>

    <variablelist>
      <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><envar>CC="gcc -B/usr/bin/ $M64"</envar></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This forces <command>gcc</command> to prefer the linker from
          the host in <filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>. This
          is necessary on some hosts where the new <command>ld</command>
          built here is not compatible with the host's <command>gcc</command>.
          </para>
          <para>Also, if the cpu-type is 64-bit capable, the variable <envar>$M64</envar>
          will contain the parameter <parameter>-m64</parameter>. Otherwise, the
          variable is empty. The parameter forces <command>gcc</command> to build
          64-bit binaries. Using that parameter here and for the next package
          ensures creation of a linker, assembler and compiler that will in turn
          create only 64-bit binaries. This is necessary since currently this book
          does not support the creation of multilib systems, i.e., those with both
          32-bit and 64-bit libraries. This will only make a difference on hosts that
          are themselves multilib and employ a compiler that creates 32-bit binaries
          by default.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>--prefix=/tools</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This tells the configure script to prepare to install the
          Binutils programs in the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>
          directory.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>--disable-nls</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This disables internationalization as i18n is not needed for the
          temporary tools.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This prevents the build from stopping in the event that there
          are warnings from the host's compiler.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

    <para>Continue with compiling the package:</para>

<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>

    <para>Compilation is now complete. Ordinarily we would now run the
    test suite, but at this early stage the test suite framework (Tcl,
    Expect, and DejaGNU) is not yet in place. The benefits of running the
    tests at this point are minimal since the programs from this
    first pass will soon be replaced by those from the second.</para>

    <para>Create a symlink to ensure the sanity of our toolchain:</para>

<screen><userinput>mkdir -v /tools/lib
ln -sv lib /tools/lib64</userinput></screen>

    <para>Install the package:</para>

<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>

    <para>Finally, prepare the linker for the <quote>Adjusting</quote> phase
    later on:</para>

<screen><userinput>make -C ld clean
make -C ld LIB_PATH=/tools/lib
cp -v ld/ld-new /tools/bin</userinput></screen>

    <variablelist>
      <title>The meaning of the make parameters:</title>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>-C ld clean</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This tells the make program to remove all compiled
          files in the <filename class="directory">ld</filename>
          subdirectory.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>-C ld LIB_PATH=/tools/lib</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This option rebuilds everything in the <filename
          class="directory">ld</filename> subdirectory. Specifying the
          <envar>LIB_PATH</envar> Makefile variable on the command line
          allows us to override the default value and point it to the
          temporary tools location. The value of this variable specifies
          the linker's default library search path. This preparation is
          used later in the chapter.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="content">
    <title/>

    <para>Details on this package are located in
    <xref linkend="contents-binutils" role="."/></para>

  </sect2>

</sect1>