[673b0d8] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[b06ca36] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[673b0d8] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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[92474b45] | 7 |
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[81fd230] | 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
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[92474b45] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
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| 10 |
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[e747759] | 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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| 12 | <productname>binutils</productname>
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| 13 | <productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&binutils-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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[92474b45] | 17 | <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils">
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| 20 | <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
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| 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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[673b0d8] | 25 |
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[92474b45] | 26 | <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
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| 27 | tools for handling object files.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 28 |
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[92474b45] | 29 | <segmentedlist>
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| 30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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[5888299] | 32 |
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[92474b45] | 33 | <seglistitem>
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[e4a5635] | 34 | <seg>&binutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
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| 35 | <seg>&binutils-ch6-du;</seg>
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[92474b45] | 36 | </seglistitem>
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| 37 | </segmentedlist>
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[a001133] | 38 |
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[92474b45] | 39 | </sect2>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 42 | <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
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| 43 |
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| 44 | <para>Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the chroot
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[4d86da9] | 45 | environment by performing a simple test:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 46 |
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[0445a3d] | 47 | <screen><userinput remap="test">expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 48 |
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[4d86da9] | 49 | <para>This command should output the following:</para>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <screen><computeroutput>spawn ls</computeroutput></screen>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | <para>If, instead, the output includes the message below, then the environment
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| 54 | is not set up for proper PTY operation. This issue needs to be resolved before
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| 55 | running the test suites for Binutils and GCC:</para>
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[81fd230] | 56 |
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[92474b45] | 57 | <screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys.
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[81fd230] | 58 | Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
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[523725c] | 59 |
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[f1dd547] | 60 | <para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils
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| 61 | in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 62 |
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[f1dd547] | 63 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
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| 64 | cd build</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 65 |
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[92474b45] | 66 | <para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 67 |
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[e123025] | 68 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 69 | --enable-gold \
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| 70 | --enable-ld=default \
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| 71 | --enable-plugins \
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| 72 | --enable-shared \
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| 73 | --disable-werror \
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[869b0966] | 74 | --enable-64-bit-bfd \
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[512c848] | 75 | --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
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| 76 | <variablelist>
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| 77 | <title>The meaning of the configure parameters:</title>
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| 78 |
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[e123025] | 79 | <varlistentry>
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| 80 | <term><parameter>--enable-gold</parameter></term>
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| 81 | <listitem>
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| 82 | <para>Build the gold linker and install it as ld.gold (along side the
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| 83 | default linker).</para>
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| 84 | </listitem>
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| 85 | </varlistentry>
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| 86 |
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| 87 | <varlistentry>
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| 88 | <term><parameter>--enable-ld=default</parameter></term>
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| 89 | <listitem>
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| 90 | <para>Build the original bdf linker and install it as both ld (the
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| 91 | default linker) and ld.bfd.</para>
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| 92 | </listitem>
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| 93 | </varlistentry>
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| 94 |
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[512c848] | 95 | <varlistentry>
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| 96 | <term><parameter>--enable-plugins</parameter></term>
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| 97 | <listitem>
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| 98 | <para>Enables plugin support for the linker.</para>
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| 99 | </listitem>
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| 100 | </varlistentry>
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| 101 |
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[869b0966] | 102 | <varlistentry>
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| 103 | <term><parameter>--enable-64-bit-bfd</parameter></term>
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| 104 | <listitem>
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| 105 | <para>Enables 64-bit support (on hosts with narrower word sizes).
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| 106 | May not be needed on 64-bit systems, but does no harm.</para>
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| 107 | </listitem>
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| 108 | </varlistentry>
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| 109 |
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[512c848] | 110 | <varlistentry>
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| 111 | <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
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| 112 | <listitem>
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| 113 | <para>Use the installed zlib library rather than building the
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| 114 | included version.</para>
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| 115 | </listitem>
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| 116 | </varlistentry>
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| 117 |
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| 118 | </variablelist>
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[73aedd1d] | 119 |
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[92474b45] | 120 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 121 |
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[0445a3d] | 122 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 123 |
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[92474b45] | 124 | <variablelist>
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| 125 | <title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <varlistentry>
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| 128 | <term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term>
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| 129 | <listitem>
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| 130 | <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
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| 131 | ultimately be located) is set to <filename
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| 132 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For
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[6e88633] | 133 | example, x86_64 machines would expand that to <filename
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| 134 | class="directory">/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is
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[92474b45] | 135 | a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
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| 136 | class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
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| 137 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be
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| 138 | used if the system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
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| 139 | package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
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| 140 | on PowerPC machines).</para>
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| 141 | </listitem>
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| 142 | </varlistentry>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | </variablelist>
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| 145 |
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| 146 | <important>
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| 147 | <para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is considered critical.
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| 148 | Do not skip it under any circumstances.</para>
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| 149 | </important>
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| 150 |
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| 151 | <para>Test the results:</para>
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[81fd230] | 152 |
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[42130d6] | 153 | <screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
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[5ef820b] | 154 |
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[aeaae4a] | 155 | <para>One test, debug_msg.sh, is known to fail.</para>
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[89c1c43d] | 156 |
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[92474b45] | 157 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 158 |
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[0445a3d] | 159 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 160 |
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[92474b45] | 161 | </sect2>
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| 162 |
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| 163 | <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
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| 164 | <title>Contents of Binutils</title>
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| 165 |
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| 166 | <segmentedlist>
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| 167 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 168 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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[fe05b08] | 169 | <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
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[92474b45] | 170 |
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| 171 | <seglistitem>
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[98d9003] | 172 | <seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, elfedit, gprof, ld, ld.bfd, ld.gold, nm,
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[3119ddc] | 173 | objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
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[7bb9fda] | 174 | <seg>libbfd.{a,so} and libopcodes.{a,so}</seg>
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[fe05b08] | 175 | <seg>/usr/lib/ldscripts</seg>
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[92474b45] | 176 | </seglistitem>
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| 177 | </segmentedlist>
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| 178 |
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| 179 | <variablelist>
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| 180 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 181 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 182 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <varlistentry id="addr2line">
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| 185 | <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
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| 186 | <listitem>
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| 187 | <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
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| 188 | given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
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| 189 | information in the executable to determine which source file and line
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| 190 | number are associated with the address</para>
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| 191 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line">
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| 192 | <primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
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| 193 | </indexterm>
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| 194 | </listitem>
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| 195 | </varlistentry>
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| 196 |
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| 197 | <varlistentry id="ar">
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| 198 | <term><command>ar</command></term>
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| 199 | <listitem>
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| 200 | <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
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| 201 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar">
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| 202 | <primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
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| 203 | </indexterm>
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| 204 | </listitem>
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| 205 | </varlistentry>
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| 206 |
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| 207 | <varlistentry id="as">
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| 208 | <term><command>as</command></term>
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| 209 | <listitem>
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| 210 | <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
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| 211 | into object files</para>
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| 212 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as">
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| 213 | <primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
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| 214 | </indexterm>
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| 215 | </listitem>
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| 216 | </varlistentry>
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| 217 |
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| 218 | <varlistentry id="c-filt">
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| 219 | <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
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| 220 | <listitem>
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| 221 | <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
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| 222 | overloaded functions from clashing</para>
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| 223 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt">
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| 224 | <primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
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| 225 | </indexterm>
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| 226 | </listitem>
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| 227 | </varlistentry>
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| 228 |
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[3119ddc] | 229 | <varlistentry id="elfedit">
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| 230 | <term><command>elfedit</command></term>
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| 231 | <listitem>
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| 232 | <para>Updates the ELF header of ELF files</para>
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| 233 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils elfedit">
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| 234 | <primary sortas="b-elfedit">elfedit</primary>
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| 235 | </indexterm>
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| 236 | </listitem>
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| 237 | </varlistentry>
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| 238 |
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[92474b45] | 239 | <varlistentry id="gprof">
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| 240 | <term><command>gprof</command></term>
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| 241 | <listitem>
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| 242 | <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
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| 243 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof">
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| 244 | <primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
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| 245 | </indexterm>
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| 246 | </listitem>
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| 247 | </varlistentry>
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| 248 |
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| 249 | <varlistentry id="ld">
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| 250 | <term><command>ld</command></term>
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| 251 | <listitem>
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| 252 | <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
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| 253 | into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
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| 254 | references</para>
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| 255 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld">
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| 256 | <primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
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| 257 | </indexterm>
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| 258 | </listitem>
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| 259 | </varlistentry>
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| 260 |
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[98d9003] | 261 | <varlistentry id="ld.gold">
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| 262 | <term><command>ld.gold</command></term>
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| 263 | <listitem>
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| 264 | <para>A cut down version of ld that only supports the
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| 265 | elf object file format</para>
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| 266 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.gold">
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| 267 | <primary sortas="b-ld.gold">ld.gold</primary>
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| 268 | </indexterm>
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| 269 | </listitem>
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| 270 | </varlistentry>
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| 271 |
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[3119ddc] | 272 | <varlistentry id="ld.bfd">
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| 273 | <term><command>ld.bfd</command></term>
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| 274 | <listitem>
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| 275 | <para>Hard link to <command>ld</command></para>
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| 276 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.bfd">
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| 277 | <primary sortas="b-ld.bfd">ld.bfd</primary>
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| 278 | </indexterm>
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| 279 | </listitem>
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| 280 | </varlistentry>
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| 281 |
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[92474b45] | 282 | <varlistentry id="nm">
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| 283 | <term><command>nm</command></term>
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| 284 | <listitem>
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| 285 | <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
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| 286 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm">
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| 287 | <primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
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| 288 | </indexterm>
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| 289 | </listitem>
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| 290 | </varlistentry>
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| 291 |
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| 292 | <varlistentry id="objcopy">
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| 293 | <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
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| 294 | <listitem>
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| 295 | <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
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| 296 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy">
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| 297 | <primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary>
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| 298 | </indexterm>
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| 299 | </listitem>
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| 300 | </varlistentry>
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| 301 |
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| 302 | <varlistentry id="objdump">
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| 303 | <term><command>objdump</command></term>
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| 304 | <listitem>
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| 305 | <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
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| 306 | controlling the particular information to display; the information
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| 307 | shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
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| 308 | tools</para>
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| 309 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump">
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| 310 | <primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
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| 311 | </indexterm>
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| 312 | </listitem>
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| 313 | </varlistentry>
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| 314 |
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| 315 | <varlistentry id="ranlib">
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| 316 | <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
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| 317 | <listitem>
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| 318 | <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
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| 319 | in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
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| 320 | members that are relocatable object files</para>
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| 321 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib">
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| 322 | <primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
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| 323 | </indexterm>
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| 324 | </listitem>
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| 325 | </varlistentry>
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| 326 |
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| 327 | <varlistentry id="readelf">
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| 328 | <term><command>readelf</command></term>
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| 329 | <listitem>
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| 330 | <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
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| 331 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf">
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| 332 | <primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
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| 333 | </indexterm>
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| 334 | </listitem>
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| 335 | </varlistentry>
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| 336 |
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| 337 | <varlistentry id="size">
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| 338 | <term><command>size</command></term>
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| 339 | <listitem>
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| 340 | <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
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| 341 | object files</para>
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| 342 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size">
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| 343 | <primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
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| 344 | </indexterm>
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| 345 | </listitem>
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| 346 | </varlistentry>
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| 347 |
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| 348 | <varlistentry id="strings">
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| 349 | <term><command>strings</command></term>
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| 350 | <listitem>
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| 351 | <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
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| 352 | characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
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| 353 | four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
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| 354 | the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, it
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| 355 | scans the entire file</para>
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| 356 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings">
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| 357 | <primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
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| 358 | </indexterm>
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| 359 | </listitem>
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| 360 | </varlistentry>
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| 361 |
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| 362 | <varlistentry id="strip">
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| 363 | <term><command>strip</command></term>
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| 364 | <listitem>
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| 365 | <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
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| 366 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip">
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| 367 | <primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
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| 368 | </indexterm>
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| 369 | </listitem>
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| 370 | </varlistentry>
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[7bb9fda] | 371 |
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[92474b45] | 372 | <varlistentry id="libbfd">
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| 373 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
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| 374 | <listitem>
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| 375 | <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
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| 376 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd">
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| 377 | <primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
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| 378 | </indexterm>
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| 379 | </listitem>
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| 380 | </varlistentry>
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| 381 |
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| 382 | <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
|
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| 383 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
|
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| 384 | <listitem>
|
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| 385 | <para>A library for dealing with opcodes—the <quote>readable
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| 386 | text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
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| 387 | it is used for building utilities like
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[afba93b] | 388 | <command>objdump</command></para>
|
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[92474b45] | 389 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes">
|
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| 390 | <primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
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| 391 | </indexterm>
|
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| 392 | </listitem>
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| 393 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 394 |
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| 395 | </variablelist>
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| 396 |
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| 397 | </sect2>
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[673b0d8] | 398 |
|
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| 399 | </sect1>
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