[673b0d8] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
---|
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
|
---|
| 3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
---|
| 4 | %general-entities;
|
---|
| 5 | ]>
|
---|
[a001133] | 6 | <sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" xreflabel="Binutils" role="wrap">
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 7 | <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
|
---|
| 8 | <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
|
---|
| 9 |
|
---|
| 10 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils"><primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[6370fa6] | 11 |
|
---|
[a001133] | 12 | <sect2 role="package"><title/>
|
---|
[5888299] | 13 | <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other tools for
|
---|
| 14 | handling object files.</para>
|
---|
| 15 |
|
---|
[a001133] | 16 | <segmentedlist>
|
---|
| 17 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
|
---|
| 18 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
|
---|
| 19 | <seglistitem><seg>1.4 SBU</seg><seg>167 MB</seg></seglistitem>
|
---|
| 20 | </segmentedlist>
|
---|
| 21 |
|
---|
| 22 | <segmentedlist>
|
---|
| 23 | <segtitle>Binutils installation depends on</segtitle>
|
---|
| 24 | <seglistitem><seg>Bash, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC, Gettext,
|
---|
| 25 | Glibc, Grep, Make, Perl, Sed, Texinfo</seg></seglistitem>
|
---|
| 26 | </segmentedlist>
|
---|
| 27 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 28 |
|
---|
| 29 | <sect2 role="installation">
|
---|
| 30 | <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 31 |
|
---|
| 32 | <para>Now is an appropriate time to verify that your pseudo terminals (PTYs) are
|
---|
| 33 | working properly inside the chroot environment. We will again quickly check that
|
---|
| 34 | everything is set up correctly by performing a simple test:</para>
|
---|
| 35 |
|
---|
| 36 | <screen><userinput>expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 37 |
|
---|
| 38 | <para>If you receive the message:</para>
|
---|
| 39 |
|
---|
[3c928f1] | 40 | <screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys. Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 41 |
|
---|
| 42 | <para>Your chroot environment is not set up for proper PTY operation. In this
|
---|
| 43 | case there is no point in running the test suites for Binutils and GCC until you
|
---|
[9dfc02f] | 44 | are able to resolve the issue.</para>
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 45 |
|
---|
| 46 | <para>This package is known to behave badly when you have changed its
|
---|
[3c928f1] | 47 | default optimization flags (including the <parameter>-march</parameter> and <parameter>-mcpu</parameter> options).
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 48 | Therefore, if you have defined any environment variables that override
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 49 | default optimizations, such as CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS, we recommend un-setting
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 50 | or modifying them when building Binutils.</para>
|
---|
| 51 |
|
---|
| 52 | <para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
|
---|
| 53 | source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
|
---|
| 54 |
|
---|
| 55 | <screen><userinput>mkdir ../binutils-build
|
---|
| 56 | cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 57 |
|
---|
| 58 | <para>Now prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
|
---|
| 59 |
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 60 | <screen><userinput>../binutils-&binutils-version;/configure --prefix=/usr --enable-shared</userinput></screen>
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 61 |
|
---|
| 62 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
|
---|
| 63 |
|
---|
| 64 | <screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 65 |
|
---|
| 66 | <para>Normally, the <emphasis>tooldir</emphasis> (the directory where the
|
---|
| 67 | executables end up) is set to $(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias), which expands
|
---|
[3c928f1] | 68 | into, for example, <filename class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Since we only
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 69 | build for our own system, we don't need this target specific directory in
|
---|
[3c928f1] | 70 | <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>. That setup would be used if the system was used to
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 71 | cross-compile (for example compiling a package on an Intel machine that
|
---|
| 72 | generates code that can be executed on PowerPC machines).</para>
|
---|
| 73 |
|
---|
[90afe40d] | 74 | <important><para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is considered
|
---|
| 75 | <emphasis>critical</emphasis>. Our advice is to not skip it under any
|
---|
| 76 | circumstances.</para></important>
|
---|
| 77 |
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 78 | <para>Test the results:</para>
|
---|
| 79 |
|
---|
[9dfc02f] | 80 | <screen><userinput>make -k check</userinput></screen>
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 81 |
|
---|
[3be4d97] | 82 | <para>The test suite notes from <xref linkend="ch-tools-binutils-pass2"/> are still
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 83 | very much appropriate here. Be sure to refer back there should you have any
|
---|
| 84 | doubts.</para>
|
---|
| 85 |
|
---|
| 86 | <para>Install the package:</para>
|
---|
| 87 |
|
---|
| 88 | <screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 89 |
|
---|
[3c928f1] | 90 | <para>Install the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty</filename> header file that is needed by
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 91 | some packages:</para>
|
---|
| 92 |
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 93 | <screen><userinput>cp ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen>
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 94 |
|
---|
| 95 | </sect2>
|
---|
[6370fa6] | 96 |
|
---|
[5888299] | 97 |
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 98 | <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content"><title>Contents of Binutils</title>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 99 |
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 100 | <segmentedlist>
|
---|
| 101 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
|
---|
| 102 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
|
---|
| 103 | <seglistitem><seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump,
|
---|
| 104 | ranlib, readelf, size, strings and strip</seg>
|
---|
| 105 | <seg>libiberty.a, libbfd.[a,so] and libopcodes.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
|
---|
| 106 | </segmentedlist>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 107 |
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 108 | <variablelist><title>Short descriptions</title>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 109 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 110 | <varlistentry id="addr2line">
|
---|
| 111 | <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 112 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 113 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line"><primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 114 | <para>translates program addresses to file
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 115 | names and line numbers. Given an address and the name of an executable, it
|
---|
| 116 | uses the debugging information in the executable to figure out which source
|
---|
| 117 | file and line number are associated with the address.</para>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 118 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 119 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 120 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 121 | <varlistentry id="ar">
|
---|
| 122 | <term><command>ar</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 123 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 124 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar"><primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 125 | <para>creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 126 | is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes
|
---|
| 127 | it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of
|
---|
| 128 | the archive).</para>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 129 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 130 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 131 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 132 | <varlistentry id="as">
|
---|
| 133 | <term><command>as</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 134 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 135 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as"><primary sortas="b-as">as</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[3c928f1] | 136 | <para>is an assembler. It assembles the output of <command>gcc</command> into object files.</para>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 137 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 138 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 139 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 140 | <varlistentry id="c-filt">
|
---|
| 141 | <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 142 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 143 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt"><primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 144 | <para>is used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 145 | Java symbols, to keep overloaded functions from clashing.</para>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 146 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 147 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 148 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 149 | <varlistentry id="gprof">
|
---|
| 150 | <term><command>gprof</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 151 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 152 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof"><primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 153 | <para>displays call graph profile data.</para>
|
---|
| 154 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 155 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 156 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 157 | <varlistentry id="ld">
|
---|
| 158 | <term><command>ld</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 159 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 160 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld"><primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 161 | <para>is a linker. It combines a number of object and archive files into a single file,
|
---|
| 162 | relocating their data and tying up symbol references.</para>
|
---|
| 163 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 164 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 165 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 166 | <varlistentry id="nm">
|
---|
| 167 | <term><command>nm</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 168 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 169 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm"><primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 170 | <para>lists the symbols occurring in a given object file.</para>
|
---|
| 171 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 172 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[73aedd1d] | 173 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 174 | <varlistentry id="objcopy">
|
---|
| 175 | <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 176 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 177 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy"><primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 178 | <para>is used to translate one type of object file into another.</para>
|
---|
| 179 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 180 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 181 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 182 | <varlistentry id="objdump">
|
---|
| 183 | <term><command>objdump</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 184 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 185 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump"><primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 186 | <para>displays information about the given object file, with options controlling what
|
---|
| 187 | particular information to display. The information shown is mostly only useful to
|
---|
| 188 | programmers who are working on the compilation tools.</para>
|
---|
| 189 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 190 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 191 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 192 | <varlistentry id="ranlib">
|
---|
| 193 | <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 194 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 195 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib"><primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 196 | <para>generates an index of the contents of an
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 197 | archive, and stores it in the archive. The index lists all the symbols defined
|
---|
| 198 | by archive members that are relocatable object files.</para>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 199 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 200 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 201 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 202 | <varlistentry id="readelf">
|
---|
| 203 | <term><command>readelf</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 204 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 205 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf"><primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 206 | <para>displays information about elf type binaries.</para>
|
---|
| 207 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 208 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 209 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 210 | <varlistentry id="size">
|
---|
| 211 | <term><command>size</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 212 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 213 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size"><primary sortas="b-size">size</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 214 | <para>lists the section sizes -- and the grand total -- for the given object files.</para>
|
---|
| 215 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 216 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 217 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 218 | <varlistentry id="strings">
|
---|
| 219 | <term><command>strings</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 220 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 221 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings"><primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 222 | <para>outputs, for each given file, the sequences
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 223 | of printable characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to 4).
|
---|
| 224 | For object files it prints, by default, only the strings from the initializing
|
---|
| 225 | and loading sections. For other types of files it scans the whole file.</para>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 226 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 227 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 228 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 229 | <varlistentry id="strip">
|
---|
| 230 | <term><command>strip</command></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 231 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 232 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip"><primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 233 | <para>discards symbols from object files.</para>
|
---|
| 234 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 235 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 236 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 237 | <varlistentry id="libiberty">
|
---|
[e63529b] | 238 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 239 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 240 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libiberty"><primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 241 | <para>contains routines used by various GNU
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 242 | programs, including getopt, obstack, strerror, strtol and strtoul.</para>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 243 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 244 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 245 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 246 | <varlistentry id="libbfd">
|
---|
[e63529b] | 247 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 248 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 249 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd"><primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 250 | <para>is the Binary File Descriptor library.</para>
|
---|
| 251 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 252 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 253 |
|
---|
[b8a819f] | 254 | <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
|
---|
[e63529b] | 255 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 256 | <listitem>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 257 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes"><primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 258 | <para>is a library for dealing with opcodes.
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 259 | It is used for building utilities like objdump. Opcodes are the <quote>readable
|
---|
| 260 | text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor.</para>
|
---|
[c6cb3aa] | 261 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 262 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 263 | </variablelist>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 264 |
|
---|
| 265 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 266 |
|
---|
| 267 | </sect1>
|
---|