[673b0d8] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 4 | %general-entities;
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| 5 | ]>
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[a001133] | 6 | <sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" xreflabel="Binutils" role="wrap">
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[673b0d8] | 7 | <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
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| 8 | <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
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| 9 |
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| 10 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils"><primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary></indexterm>
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[6370fa6] | 11 |
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[a001133] | 12 | <sect2 role="package"><title/>
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[5888299] | 13 | <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other tools for
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| 14 | handling object files.</para>
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| 15 |
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[a001133] | 16 | <segmentedlist>
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| 17 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 18 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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| 19 | <seglistitem><seg>1.4 SBU</seg><seg>167 MB</seg></seglistitem>
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| 20 | </segmentedlist>
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| 21 |
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| 22 | <segmentedlist>
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| 23 | <segtitle>Binutils installation depends on</segtitle>
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| 24 | <seglistitem><seg>Bash, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC, Gettext,
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| 25 | Glibc, Grep, Make, Perl, Sed, Texinfo</seg></seglistitem>
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| 26 | </segmentedlist>
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| 27 | </sect2>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 30 | <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
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[73aedd1d] | 31 |
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| 32 | <para>Now is an appropriate time to verify that your pseudo terminals (PTYs) are
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| 33 | working properly inside the chroot environment. We will again quickly check that
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| 34 | everything is set up correctly by performing a simple test:</para>
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| 35 |
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| 36 | <screen><userinput>expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
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| 37 |
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| 38 | <para>If you receive the message:</para>
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| 39 |
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[3c928f1] | 40 | <screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys. Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 41 |
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| 42 | <para>Your chroot environment is not set up for proper PTY operation. In this
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| 43 | case there is no point in running the test suites for Binutils and GCC until you
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[9dfc02f] | 44 | are able to resolve the issue.</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 45 |
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| 46 | <para>This package is known to behave badly when you have changed its
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[3c928f1] | 47 | default optimization flags (including the <parameter>-march</parameter> and <parameter>-mcpu</parameter> options).
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[73aedd1d] | 48 | Therefore, if you have defined any environment variables that override
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[673b0d8] | 49 | default optimizations, such as CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS, we recommend un-setting
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[73aedd1d] | 50 | or modifying them when building Binutils.</para>
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| 51 |
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[af133c3] | 52 | <para>The current version of Binutils in use has a bug that causes strip to
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| 53 | remove necessary information from certain library files. This patch fixes
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| 54 | the problem:</para>
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| 55 |
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[b3268eb] | 56 | <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../binutils-&binutils-version;-fix_strip-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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[af133c3] | 57 |
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[73aedd1d] | 58 | <para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
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| 59 | source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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| 60 |
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| 61 | <screen><userinput>mkdir ../binutils-build
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| 62 | cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
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| 63 |
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| 64 | <para>Now prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
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| 65 |
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[673b0d8] | 66 | <screen><userinput>../binutils-&binutils-version;/configure --prefix=/usr --enable-shared</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 67 |
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| 68 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
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| 71 |
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| 72 | <para>Normally, the <emphasis>tooldir</emphasis> (the directory where the
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| 73 | executables end up) is set to $(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias), which expands
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[3c928f1] | 74 | into, for example, <filename class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Since we only
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[73aedd1d] | 75 | build for our own system, we don't need this target specific directory in
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[3c928f1] | 76 | <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>. That setup would be used if the system was used to
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[73aedd1d] | 77 | cross-compile (for example compiling a package on an Intel machine that
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| 78 | generates code that can be executed on PowerPC machines).</para>
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| 79 |
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[90afe40d] | 80 | <important><para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is considered
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| 81 | <emphasis>critical</emphasis>. Our advice is to not skip it under any
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| 82 | circumstances.</para></important>
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| 83 |
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[73aedd1d] | 84 | <para>Test the results:</para>
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| 85 |
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[9dfc02f] | 86 | <screen><userinput>make -k check</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 87 |
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[3be4d97] | 88 | <para>The test suite notes from <xref linkend="ch-tools-binutils-pass2"/> are still
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[73aedd1d] | 89 | very much appropriate here. Be sure to refer back there should you have any
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| 90 | doubts.</para>
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| 91 |
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| 92 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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| 93 |
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| 94 | <screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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| 95 |
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[3c928f1] | 96 | <para>Install the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty</filename> header file that is needed by
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[73aedd1d] | 97 | some packages:</para>
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| 98 |
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[673b0d8] | 99 | <screen><userinput>cp ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 100 |
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| 101 | </sect2>
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[6370fa6] | 102 |
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[5888299] | 103 |
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[c6cb3aa] | 104 | <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content"><title>Contents of Binutils</title>
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[673b0d8] | 105 |
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[c6cb3aa] | 106 | <segmentedlist>
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| 107 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 108 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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| 109 | <seglistitem><seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump,
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| 110 | ranlib, readelf, size, strings and strip</seg>
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| 111 | <seg>libiberty.a, libbfd.[a,so] and libopcodes.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
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| 112 | </segmentedlist>
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[673b0d8] | 113 |
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[c6cb3aa] | 114 | <variablelist><title>Short descriptions</title>
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[673b0d8] | 115 |
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[b8a819f] | 116 | <varlistentry id="addr2line">
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| 117 | <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 118 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 119 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line"><primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 120 | <para>translates program addresses to file
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[673b0d8] | 121 | names and line numbers. Given an address and the name of an executable, it
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| 122 | uses the debugging information in the executable to figure out which source
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| 123 | file and line number are associated with the address.</para>
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[c6cb3aa] | 124 | </listitem>
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| 125 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 126 |
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[b8a819f] | 127 | <varlistentry id="ar">
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| 128 | <term><command>ar</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 129 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 130 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar"><primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 131 | <para>creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive
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[673b0d8] | 132 | is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes
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| 133 | it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of
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| 134 | the archive).</para>
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[c6cb3aa] | 135 | </listitem>
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| 136 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 137 |
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[b8a819f] | 138 | <varlistentry id="as">
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| 139 | <term><command>as</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 140 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 141 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as"><primary sortas="b-as">as</primary></indexterm>
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[3c928f1] | 142 | <para>is an assembler. It assembles the output of <command>gcc</command> into object files.</para>
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[c6cb3aa] | 143 | </listitem>
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| 144 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 145 |
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[b8a819f] | 146 | <varlistentry id="c-filt">
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| 147 | <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 148 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 149 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt"><primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 150 | <para>is used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and
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[673b0d8] | 151 | Java symbols, to keep overloaded functions from clashing.</para>
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[c6cb3aa] | 152 | </listitem>
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| 153 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 154 |
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[b8a819f] | 155 | <varlistentry id="gprof">
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| 156 | <term><command>gprof</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 157 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 158 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof"><primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 159 | <para>displays call graph profile data.</para>
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| 160 | </listitem>
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| 161 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 162 |
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[b8a819f] | 163 | <varlistentry id="ld">
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| 164 | <term><command>ld</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 165 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 166 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld"><primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 167 | <para>is a linker. It combines a number of object and archive files into a single file,
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| 168 | relocating their data and tying up symbol references.</para>
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| 169 | </listitem>
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| 170 | </varlistentry>
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| 171 |
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[b8a819f] | 172 | <varlistentry id="nm">
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| 173 | <term><command>nm</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 174 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 175 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm"><primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 176 | <para>lists the symbols occurring in a given object file.</para>
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| 177 | </listitem>
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| 178 | </varlistentry>
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[73aedd1d] | 179 |
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[b8a819f] | 180 | <varlistentry id="objcopy">
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| 181 | <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 182 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 183 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy"><primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 184 | <para>is used to translate one type of object file into another.</para>
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| 185 | </listitem>
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| 186 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 187 |
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[b8a819f] | 188 | <varlistentry id="objdump">
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| 189 | <term><command>objdump</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 190 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 191 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump"><primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 192 | <para>displays information about the given object file, with options controlling what
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| 193 | particular information to display. The information shown is mostly only useful to
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| 194 | programmers who are working on the compilation tools.</para>
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| 195 | </listitem>
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| 196 | </varlistentry>
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| 197 |
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[b8a819f] | 198 | <varlistentry id="ranlib">
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| 199 | <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 200 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 201 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib"><primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 202 | <para>generates an index of the contents of an
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[673b0d8] | 203 | archive, and stores it in the archive. The index lists all the symbols defined
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| 204 | by archive members that are relocatable object files.</para>
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[c6cb3aa] | 205 | </listitem>
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| 206 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 207 |
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[b8a819f] | 208 | <varlistentry id="readelf">
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| 209 | <term><command>readelf</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 210 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 211 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf"><primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 212 | <para>displays information about elf type binaries.</para>
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| 213 | </listitem>
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| 214 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 215 |
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[b8a819f] | 216 | <varlistentry id="size">
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| 217 | <term><command>size</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 218 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 219 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size"><primary sortas="b-size">size</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 220 | <para>lists the section sizes -- and the grand total -- for the given object files.</para>
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| 221 | </listitem>
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| 222 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 223 |
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[b8a819f] | 224 | <varlistentry id="strings">
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| 225 | <term><command>strings</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 226 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 227 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings"><primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 228 | <para>outputs, for each given file, the sequences
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[673b0d8] | 229 | of printable characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to 4).
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| 230 | For object files it prints, by default, only the strings from the initializing
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| 231 | and loading sections. For other types of files it scans the whole file.</para>
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[c6cb3aa] | 232 | </listitem>
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| 233 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 234 |
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[b8a819f] | 235 | <varlistentry id="strip">
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| 236 | <term><command>strip</command></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 237 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 238 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip"><primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 239 | <para>discards symbols from object files.</para>
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| 240 | </listitem>
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| 241 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 242 |
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[b8a819f] | 243 | <varlistentry id="libiberty">
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[e63529b] | 244 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 245 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 246 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libiberty"><primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 247 | <para>contains routines used by various GNU
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[673b0d8] | 248 | programs, including getopt, obstack, strerror, strtol and strtoul.</para>
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[c6cb3aa] | 249 | </listitem>
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| 250 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 251 |
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[b8a819f] | 252 | <varlistentry id="libbfd">
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[e63529b] | 253 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 254 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 255 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd"><primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 256 | <para>is the Binary File Descriptor library.</para>
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| 257 | </listitem>
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| 258 | </varlistentry>
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[673b0d8] | 259 |
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[b8a819f] | 260 | <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
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[e63529b] | 261 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
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[c6cb3aa] | 262 | <listitem>
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[673b0d8] | 263 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes"><primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary></indexterm>
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[c6cb3aa] | 264 | <para>is a library for dealing with opcodes.
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[673b0d8] | 265 | It is used for building utilities like objdump. Opcodes are the <quote>readable
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| 266 | text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor.</para>
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[c6cb3aa] | 267 | </listitem>
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| 268 | </varlistentry>
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| 269 | </variablelist>
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[673b0d8] | 270 |
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| 271 | </sect2>
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| 272 |
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| 273 | </sect1>
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