1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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4 | %general-entities;
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5 | ]>
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6 | <sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
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7 | <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
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8 | <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
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9 |
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10 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils"><primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary></indexterm>
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11 |
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12 | <sect2 role="package"><title/>
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13 | <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other tools for
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14 | handling object files.</para>
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15 |
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16 | <segmentedlist>
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17 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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18 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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19 | <seglistitem><seg>1.3 SBU</seg><seg>158 MB</seg></seglistitem>
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20 | </segmentedlist>
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21 |
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22 | <segmentedlist>
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23 | <segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
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24 | <seglistitem><seg>Bash, Bison, Coreutils, Diffutils, Flex, GCC, Gettext,
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25 | Glibc, Grep, M4, Make, Perl, Sed, and Texinfo</seg></seglistitem>
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26 | </segmentedlist>
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27 | </sect2>
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28 |
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29 | <sect2 role="installation">
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30 | <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
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31 |
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32 | <para>This package is known to have issues when its default
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33 | optimization flags (including the <parameter>-march</parameter> and
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34 | <parameter>-mcpu</parameter> options) are changed. If any environment
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35 | variables that override default optimizations have been defined, such
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36 | as <envar>CFLAGS</envar> and <envar>CXXFLAGS</envar>,
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37 | unset them when building Binutils.</para>
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38 |
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39 | <para>Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the chroot
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40 | environment. Check that everything is set up correctly by performing a
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41 | simple test:</para>
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42 |
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43 | <screen><userinput>expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
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44 |
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45 | <para>If the following message shows up, the chroot environment is not
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46 | set up for proper PTY operation:</para>
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47 |
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48 | <screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys.
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49 | Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
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50 |
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51 | <para>This issue needs to be resolved before running the test suites
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52 | for Binutils and GCC.</para>
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53 |
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54 | <para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
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55 | source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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56 |
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57 | <screen><userinput>mkdir ../binutils-build
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58 | cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
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59 |
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60 | <para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
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61 |
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62 | <screen><userinput>../binutils-&binutils-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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63 | --enable-shared</userinput></screen>
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64 |
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65 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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66 |
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67 | <screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
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68 |
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69 | <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will ultimately
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70 | be located) is set to <filename
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71 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For example, i686
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72 | machines would expand that to <filename
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73 | class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is a custom
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74 | system, this target-specific directory in <filename
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75 | class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
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76 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be used if the
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77 | system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a package on an Intel
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78 | machine that generates code that can be executed on PowerPC machines).</para>
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79 |
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80 | <beginpage/>
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81 |
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82 | <important><para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is
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83 | considered critical. Do not skip it under any
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84 | circumstances.</para></important>
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85 |
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86 | <para>Test the results:</para>
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87 |
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88 | <screen><userinput>make check</userinput></screen>
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89 |
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90 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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91 |
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92 | <screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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93 |
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94 | <para>Install the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty</filename> header file that is needed by
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95 | some packages:</para>
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96 |
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97 | <screen><userinput>cp ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen>
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98 |
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99 | </sect2>
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100 |
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101 |
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102 | <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content"><title>Contents of Binutils</title>
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103 |
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104 | <segmentedlist>
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105 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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106 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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107 | <seglistitem><seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump,
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108 | ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
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109 | <seg>libiberty.a, libbfd.[a,so], and libopcodes.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
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110 | </segmentedlist>
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111 |
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112 | <variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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113 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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114 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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115 |
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116 | <varlistentry id="addr2line">
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117 | <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
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118 | <listitem>
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119 | <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
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120 | given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
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121 | information in the executable to determine which source file and line
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122 | number are associated with the address</para>
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123 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line"><primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary></indexterm>
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124 | </listitem>
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125 | </varlistentry>
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126 |
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127 | <varlistentry id="ar">
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128 | <term><command>ar</command></term>
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129 | <listitem>
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130 | <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
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131 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar"><primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary></indexterm>
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132 | </listitem>
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133 | </varlistentry>
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134 |
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135 | <varlistentry id="as">
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136 | <term><command>as</command></term>
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137 | <listitem>
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138 | <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
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139 | into object files</para>
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140 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as"><primary sortas="b-as">as</primary></indexterm>
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141 | </listitem>
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142 | </varlistentry>
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143 |
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144 | <varlistentry id="c-filt">
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145 | <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
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146 | <listitem>
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147 | <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
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148 | overloaded functions from clashing</para>
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149 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt"><primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary></indexterm>
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150 | </listitem>
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151 | </varlistentry>
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152 |
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153 | <varlistentry id="gprof">
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154 | <term><command>gprof</command></term>
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155 | <listitem>
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156 | <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
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157 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof"><primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary></indexterm>
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158 | </listitem>
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159 | </varlistentry>
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160 |
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161 | <varlistentry id="ld">
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162 | <term><command>ld</command></term>
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163 | <listitem>
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164 | <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files into a single file,
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165 | relocating their data and tying up symbol references</para>
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166 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld"><primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary></indexterm>
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167 | </listitem>
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168 | </varlistentry>
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169 |
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170 | <varlistentry id="nm">
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171 | <term><command>nm</command></term>
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172 | <listitem>
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173 | <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
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174 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm"><primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary></indexterm>
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175 | </listitem>
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176 | </varlistentry>
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177 |
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178 | <varlistentry id="objcopy">
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179 | <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
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180 | <listitem>
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181 | <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
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182 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy"><primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary></indexterm>
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183 | </listitem>
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184 | </varlistentry>
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185 |
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186 | <varlistentry id="objdump">
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187 | <term><command>objdump</command></term>
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188 | <listitem>
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189 | <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
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190 | controlling the particular information to display; the information
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191 | shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
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192 | tools</para>
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193 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump"><primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary></indexterm>
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194 | </listitem>
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195 | </varlistentry>
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196 |
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197 | <varlistentry id="ranlib">
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198 | <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
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199 | <listitem>
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200 | <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
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201 | in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
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202 | members that are relocatable object files</para>
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203 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib"><primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary></indexterm>
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204 | </listitem>
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205 | </varlistentry>
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206 |
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207 | <varlistentry id="readelf">
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208 | <term><command>readelf</command></term>
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209 | <listitem>
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210 | <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
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211 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf"><primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary></indexterm>
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212 | </listitem>
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213 | </varlistentry>
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214 |
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215 | <varlistentry id="size">
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216 | <term><command>size</command></term>
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217 | <listitem>
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218 | <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given object files</para>
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219 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size"><primary sortas="b-size">size</primary></indexterm>
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220 | </listitem>
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221 | </varlistentry>
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222 |
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223 | <varlistentry id="strings">
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224 | <term><command>strings</command></term>
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225 | <listitem>
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226 | <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
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227 | characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
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228 | four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
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229 | the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, it
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230 | scans the entire file</para>
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231 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings"><primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary></indexterm>
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232 | </listitem>
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233 | </varlistentry>
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234 |
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235 | <varlistentry id="strip">
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236 | <term><command>strip</command></term>
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237 | <listitem>
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238 | <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
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239 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip"><primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary></indexterm>
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240 | </listitem>
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241 | </varlistentry>
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242 |
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243 | <varlistentry id="libiberty">
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244 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
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245 | <listitem>
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246 | <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
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247 | <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
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248 | <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
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249 | <command>strtoul</command></para>
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250 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libiberty"><primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary></indexterm>
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251 | </listitem>
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252 | </varlistentry>
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253 |
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254 | <varlistentry id="libbfd">
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255 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
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256 | <listitem>
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257 | <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
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258 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd"><primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary></indexterm>
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259 | </listitem>
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260 | </varlistentry>
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261 |
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262 | <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
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263 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
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264 | <listitem>
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265 | <para>A library for dealing with opcodes—the <quote>readable
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266 | text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
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267 | it is used for building utilities like
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268 | <command>objdump</command>.</para>
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269 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes"><primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary></indexterm>
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270 | </listitem>
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271 | </varlistentry>
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272 | </variablelist>
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273 |
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274 | </sect2>
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275 |
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276 | </sect1>
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277 |
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