source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ a90dd60

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43<!--
44 <para>Fix a couple of test failures:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-test-patch;</userinput></screen>
47-->
48 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
49 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
50 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
51
52<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
53
54 <note>
55 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
56 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
57 without this patch.</para>
58 </note>
59
60 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
63 --prefix=/usr \
64 --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
65 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
66
67 <variablelist>
68 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
69
70 <varlistentry>
71 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
72 <listitem>
73 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
74 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
75 </para>
76 </listitem>
77 </varlistentry>
78 </variablelist>
79
80 <para>Compile the package:</para>
81
82<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
83
84 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
85 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
86
87 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
88 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
89
90<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
91
92 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
93 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
94 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
95 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
96 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
97
98<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
99
100 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
101 run the tests:</para>
102
103<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
104
105 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
106 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
107
108<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
109 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
110
111 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
112
113<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
114
115 <para>Install the package:</para>
116
117<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
118
119 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
120
121<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
122mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
123mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
124mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
125mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
126sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
127
128 </sect2>
129
130 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
131 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
132
133 <segmentedlist>
134 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
135 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
136 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
137
138 <seglistitem>
139 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
140 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
141 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
142 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
143 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
144 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
145 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
146 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
147 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
148 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
149 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
150 <seg>/usr/lib/coreutils</seg>
151 </seglistitem>
152 </segmentedlist>
153
154 <variablelist>
155 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
156 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
157 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
158
159 <varlistentry id="base64">
160 <term><command>base64</command></term>
161 <listitem>
162 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
163 specification</para>
164 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
165 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
166 </indexterm>
167 </listitem>
168 </varlistentry>
169
170 <varlistentry id="basename">
171 <term><command>basename</command></term>
172 <listitem>
173 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
174 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
175 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
176 </indexterm>
177 </listitem>
178 </varlistentry>
179
180 <varlistentry id="cat">
181 <term><command>cat</command></term>
182 <listitem>
183 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
184 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
185 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
186 </indexterm>
187 </listitem>
188 </varlistentry>
189
190 <varlistentry id="chcon">
191 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
192 <listitem>
193 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
195 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
196 </indexterm>
197 </listitem>
198 </varlistentry>
199
200 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
201 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
202 <listitem>
203 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
204 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
205 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
206 </indexterm>
207 </listitem>
208 </varlistentry>
209
210 <varlistentry id="chmod">
211 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
212 <listitem>
213 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
214 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
215 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
217 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
222 <varlistentry id="chown">
223 <term><command>chown</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
226 directories</para>
227 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
228 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
229 </indexterm>
230 </listitem>
231 </varlistentry>
232
233 <varlistentry id="chroot">
234 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
235 <listitem>
236 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
237 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
238 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
239 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
240 </indexterm>
241 </listitem>
242 </varlistentry>
243
244 <varlistentry id="cksum">
245 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
246 <listitem>
247 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
248 counts of each specified file</para>
249 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
250 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
251 </indexterm>
252 </listitem>
253 </varlistentry>
254
255 <varlistentry id="comm">
256 <term><command>comm</command></term>
257 <listitem>
258 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
259 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
260 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
261 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
262 </indexterm>
263 </listitem>
264 </varlistentry>
265
266 <varlistentry id="cp">
267 <term><command>cp</command></term>
268 <listitem>
269 <para>Copies files</para>
270 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
271 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
272 </indexterm>
273 </listitem>
274 </varlistentry>
275
276 <varlistentry id="csplit">
277 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
278 <listitem>
279 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
280 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
281 count of each new file</para>
282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
283 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
284 </indexterm>
285 </listitem>
286 </varlistentry>
287
288 <varlistentry id="cut">
289 <term><command>cut</command></term>
290 <listitem>
291 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
292 fields or positions</para>
293 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
294 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
295 </indexterm>
296 </listitem>
297 </varlistentry>
298
299 <varlistentry id="date">
300 <term><command>date</command></term>
301 <listitem>
302 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
303 system date</para>
304 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
305 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
306 </indexterm>
307 </listitem>
308 </varlistentry>
309
310 <varlistentry id="dd">
311 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
312 <listitem>
313 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
314 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
315 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
316 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
317 </indexterm>
318 </listitem>
319 </varlistentry>
320
321 <varlistentry id="df">
322 <term><command>df</command></term>
323 <listitem>
324 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
325 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
326 files</para>
327 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
328 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
329 </indexterm>
330 </listitem>
331 </varlistentry>
332
333 <varlistentry id="dir">
334 <term><command>dir</command></term>
335 <listitem>
336 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
337 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
338 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
339 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
340 </indexterm>
341 </listitem>
342 </varlistentry>
343
344 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
345 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
346 <listitem>
347 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
348 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
349 <command>ls</command></para>
350 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
351 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
352 </indexterm>
353 </listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry id="dirname">
357 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
358 <listitem>
359 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
360 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
361 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
362 </indexterm>
363 </listitem>
364 </varlistentry>
365
366 <varlistentry id="du">
367 <term><command>du</command></term>
368 <listitem>
369 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
370 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
371 each of the given files</para>
372 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
373 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
374 </indexterm>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377
378 <varlistentry id="echo">
379 <term><command>echo</command></term>
380 <listitem>
381 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
382 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
383 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
384 </indexterm>
385 </listitem>
386 </varlistentry>
387
388 <varlistentry id="env">
389 <term><command>env</command></term>
390 <listitem>
391 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
392 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
393 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
394 </indexterm>
395 </listitem>
396 </varlistentry>
397
398 <varlistentry id="expand">
399 <term><command>expand</command></term>
400 <listitem>
401 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
402 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
403 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
404 </indexterm>
405 </listitem>
406 </varlistentry>
407
408 <varlistentry id="expr">
409 <term><command>expr</command></term>
410 <listitem>
411 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
412 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
413 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
414 </indexterm>
415 </listitem>
416 </varlistentry>
417
418 <varlistentry id="factor">
419 <term><command>factor</command></term>
420 <listitem>
421 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
422 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
423 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
424 </indexterm>
425 </listitem>
426 </varlistentry>
427
428 <varlistentry id="false">
429 <term><command>false</command></term>
430 <listitem>
431 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
432 indicating failure</para>
433 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
434 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
435 </indexterm>
436 </listitem>
437 </varlistentry>
438
439 <varlistentry id="fmt">
440 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
441 <listitem>
442 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
443 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
444 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
445 </indexterm>
446 </listitem>
447 </varlistentry>
448
449 <varlistentry id="fold">
450 <term><command>fold</command></term>
451 <listitem>
452 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
453 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
454 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
455 </indexterm>
456 </listitem>
457 </varlistentry>
458
459 <varlistentry id="groups">
460 <term><command>groups</command></term>
461 <listitem>
462 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
463 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
464 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
465 </indexterm>
466 </listitem>
467 </varlistentry>
468
469 <varlistentry id="head">
470 <term><command>head</command></term>
471 <listitem>
472 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
473 of each given file</para>
474 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
475 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
476 </indexterm>
477 </listitem>
478 </varlistentry>
479
480 <varlistentry id="hostid">
481 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
482 <listitem>
483 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
484 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
485 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
486 </indexterm>
487 </listitem>
488 </varlistentry>
489
490 <varlistentry id="id">
491 <term><command>id</command></term>
492 <listitem>
493 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
494 of the current user or specified user</para>
495 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
496 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
497 </indexterm>
498 </listitem>
499 </varlistentry>
500
501 <varlistentry id="install">
502 <term><command>install</command> </term>
503 <listitem>
504 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
505 possible, their owner and group</para>
506 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
507 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
508 </indexterm>
509 </listitem>
510 </varlistentry>
511
512 <varlistentry id="join">
513 <term><command>join</command></term>
514 <listitem>
515 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
516 separate files</para>
517 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
518 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
519 </indexterm>
520 </listitem>
521 </varlistentry>
522
523 <varlistentry id="link">
524 <term><command>link</command></term>
525 <listitem>
526 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
527 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
528 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
529 </indexterm>
530 </listitem>
531 </varlistentry>
532
533 <varlistentry id="ln">
534 <term><command>ln</command></term>
535 <listitem>
536 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
537 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
538 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
539 </indexterm>
540 </listitem>
541 </varlistentry>
542
543 <varlistentry id="logname">
544 <term><command>logname</command></term>
545 <listitem>
546 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
547 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
548 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
549 </indexterm>
550 </listitem>
551 </varlistentry>
552
553 <varlistentry id="ls">
554 <term><command>ls</command></term>
555 <listitem>
556 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
557 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
558 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
559 </indexterm>
560 </listitem>
561 </varlistentry>
562
563 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
564 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
565 <listitem>
566 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
567 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
568 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
569 </indexterm>
570 </listitem>
571 </varlistentry>
572
573 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
574 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
575 <listitem>
576 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
577 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
578 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
579 </indexterm>
580 </listitem>
581 </varlistentry>
582
583 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
584 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
585 <listitem>
586 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
587 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
588 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
589 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
590 </indexterm>
591 </listitem>
592 </varlistentry>
593
594 <varlistentry id="mknod">
595 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
596 <listitem>
597 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
598 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
599 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
600 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
601 </indexterm>
602 </listitem>
603 </varlistentry>
604
605 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
606 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
607 <listitem>
608 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
609 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
610 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
611 </indexterm>
612 </listitem>
613 </varlistentry>
614
615 <varlistentry id="mv">
616 <term><command>mv</command></term>
617 <listitem>
618 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
619 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
620 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
621 </indexterm>
622 </listitem>
623 </varlistentry>
624
625 <varlistentry id="nice">
626 <term><command>nice</command></term>
627 <listitem>
628 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
629 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
630 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
631 </indexterm>
632 </listitem>
633 </varlistentry>
634
635 <varlistentry id="nl">
636 <term><command>nl</command></term>
637 <listitem>
638 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
639 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
640 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
641 </indexterm>
642 </listitem>
643 </varlistentry>
644
645 <varlistentry id="nohup">
646 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
647 <listitem>
648 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
649 a log file</para>
650 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
651 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
652 </indexterm>
653 </listitem>
654 </varlistentry>
655
656 <varlistentry id="nproc">
657 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
658 <listitem>
659 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
660 process</para>
661 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
662 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
663 </indexterm>
664 </listitem>
665 </varlistentry>
666
667 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
668 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
669 <listitem>
670 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
671 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
672 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
673 </indexterm>
674 </listitem>
675 </varlistentry>
676
677 <varlistentry id="od">
678 <term><command>od</command></term>
679 <listitem>
680 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
681 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
682 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
683 </indexterm>
684 </listitem>
685 </varlistentry>
686
687 <varlistentry id="paste">
688 <term><command>paste</command></term>
689 <listitem>
690 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
691 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
692 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
693 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
694 </indexterm>
695 </listitem>
696 </varlistentry>
697
698 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
699 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
700 <listitem>
701 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
702 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
703 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
704 </indexterm>
705 </listitem>
706 </varlistentry>
707
708 <varlistentry id="pinky">
709 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
710 <listitem>
711 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
712 about the given users</para>
713 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
714 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
715 </indexterm>
716 </listitem>
717 </varlistentry>
718
719 <varlistentry id="pr">
720 <term><command>pr</command></term>
721 <listitem>
722 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
723 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
724 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
725 </indexterm>
726 </listitem>
727 </varlistentry>
728
729 <varlistentry id="printenv">
730 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
731 <listitem>
732 <para>Prints the environment</para>
733 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
734 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
735 </indexterm>
736 </listitem>
737 </varlistentry>
738
739 <varlistentry id="printf">
740 <term><command>printf</command></term>
741 <listitem>
742 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
743 like the C printf function</para>
744 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
745 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
746 </indexterm>
747 </listitem>
748 </varlistentry>
749
750 <varlistentry id="ptx">
751 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
752 <listitem>
753 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
754 with each keyword in its context</para>
755 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
756 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
757 </indexterm>
758 </listitem>
759 </varlistentry>
760
761 <varlistentry id="pwd">
762 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
763 <listitem>
764 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
765 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
766 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
767 </indexterm>
768 </listitem>
769 </varlistentry>
770
771 <varlistentry id="readlink">
772 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
773 <listitem>
774 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
775 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
776 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
777 </indexterm>
778 </listitem>
779 </varlistentry>
780
781 <varlistentry id="realpath">
782 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
783 <listitem>
784 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
785 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
786 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
787 </indexterm>
788 </listitem>
789 </varlistentry>
790
791 <varlistentry id="rm">
792 <term><command>rm</command></term>
793 <listitem>
794 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
795 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
796 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
797 </indexterm>
798 </listitem>
799 </varlistentry>
800
801 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
802 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
803 <listitem>
804 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
805 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
806 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
807 </indexterm>
808 </listitem>
809 </varlistentry>
810
811 <varlistentry id="runcon">
812 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
813 <listitem>
814 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
815 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
816 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
817 </indexterm>
818 </listitem>
819 </varlistentry>
820
821 <varlistentry id="seq">
822 <term><command>seq</command></term>
823 <listitem>
824 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
825 given increment</para>
826 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
827 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
828 </indexterm>
829 </listitem>
830 </varlistentry>
831
832 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
833 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
834 <listitem>
835 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
836 checksums</para>
837 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
838 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
839 </indexterm>
840 </listitem>
841 </varlistentry>
842
843 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
844 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
845 <listitem>
846 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
847 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
848 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
849 </indexterm>
850 </listitem>
851 </varlistentry>
852
853 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
854 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
855 <listitem>
856 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
857 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
858 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
859 </indexterm>
860 </listitem>
861 </varlistentry>
862
863 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
864 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
865 <listitem>
866 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
867 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
868 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
869 </indexterm>
870 </listitem>
871 </varlistentry>
872
873 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
874 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
875 <listitem>
876 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
877 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
878 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
879 </indexterm>
880 </listitem>
881 </varlistentry>
882
883 <varlistentry id="shred">
884 <term><command>shred</command></term>
885 <listitem>
886 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
887 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
888 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
889 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
890 </indexterm>
891 </listitem>
892 </varlistentry>
893
894 <varlistentry id="shuf">
895 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
896 <listitem>
897 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
898 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
899 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
900 </indexterm>
901 </listitem>
902 </varlistentry>
903
904 <varlistentry id="sleep">
905 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
906 <listitem>
907 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
908 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
909 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
910 </indexterm>
911 </listitem>
912 </varlistentry>
913
914 <varlistentry id="sort">
915 <term><command>sort</command></term>
916 <listitem>
917 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
918 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
919 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
920 </indexterm>
921 </listitem>
922 </varlistentry>
923
924 <varlistentry id="split">
925 <term><command>split</command></term>
926 <listitem>
927 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
928 lines</para>
929 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
930 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
931 </indexterm>
932 </listitem>
933 </varlistentry>
934
935 <varlistentry id="stat">
936 <term><command>stat</command></term>
937 <listitem>
938 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
939 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
940 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
941 </indexterm>
942 </listitem>
943 </varlistentry>
944
945 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
946 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
947 <listitem>
948 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
949 streams</para>
950 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
951 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
952 </indexterm>
953 </listitem>
954 </varlistentry>
955
956 <varlistentry id="stty">
957 <term><command>stty</command></term>
958 <listitem>
959 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
960 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
961 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
962 </indexterm>
963 </listitem>
964 </varlistentry>
965
966 <varlistentry id="sum">
967 <term><command>sum</command></term>
968 <listitem>
969 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
970 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
971 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
972 </indexterm>
973 </listitem>
974 </varlistentry>
975
976 <varlistentry id="sync">
977 <term><command>sync</command></term>
978 <listitem>
979 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
980 and updates the super block</para>
981 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
982 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
983 </indexterm>
984 </listitem>
985 </varlistentry>
986
987 <varlistentry id="tac">
988 <term><command>tac</command></term>
989 <listitem>
990 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
991 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
992 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
993 </indexterm>
994 </listitem>
995 </varlistentry>
996
997 <varlistentry id="tail">
998 <term><command>tail</command></term>
999 <listitem>
1000 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1001 given file</para>
1002 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1003 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1004 </indexterm>
1005 </listitem>
1006 </varlistentry>
1007
1008 <varlistentry id="tee">
1009 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1010 <listitem>
1011 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1012 and to the given files</para>
1013 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1014 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1015 </indexterm>
1016 </listitem>
1017 </varlistentry>
1018
1019 <varlistentry id="test">
1020 <term><command>test</command></term>
1021 <listitem>
1022 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1023 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1024 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1025 </indexterm>
1026 </listitem>
1027 </varlistentry>
1028
1029 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1030 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1031 <listitem>
1032 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1033 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1034 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1035 </indexterm>
1036 </listitem>
1037 </varlistentry>
1038
1039 <varlistentry id="touch">
1040 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1041 <listitem>
1042 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1043 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1044 are created with zero length</para>
1045 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1046 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1047 </indexterm>
1048 </listitem>
1049 </varlistentry>
1050
1051 <varlistentry id="tr">
1052 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1053 <listitem>
1054 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1055 standard input</para>
1056 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1057 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1058 </indexterm>
1059 </listitem>
1060 </varlistentry>
1061
1062 <varlistentry id="true">
1063 <term><command>true</command></term>
1064 <listitem>
1065 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1066 indicating success</para>
1067 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1068 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1069 </indexterm>
1070 </listitem>
1071 </varlistentry>
1072
1073 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1074 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1075 <listitem>
1076 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1077 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1078 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1079 </indexterm>
1080 </listitem>
1081 </varlistentry>
1082
1083 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1084 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1085 <listitem>
1086 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1087 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1088 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1089 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1090 </indexterm>
1091 </listitem>
1092 </varlistentry>
1093
1094 <varlistentry id="tty">
1095 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1096 <listitem>
1097 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1098 input</para>
1099 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1100 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1101 </indexterm>
1102 </listitem>
1103 </varlistentry>
1104
1105 <varlistentry id="uname">
1106 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1107 <listitem>
1108 <para>Reports system information</para>
1109 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1110 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1111 </indexterm>
1112 </listitem>
1113 </varlistentry>
1114
1115 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1116 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1117 <listitem>
1118 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1119 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1120 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1121 </indexterm>
1122 </listitem>
1123 </varlistentry>
1124
1125 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1126 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1127 <listitem>
1128 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1129 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1130 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1131 </indexterm>
1132 </listitem>
1133 </varlistentry>
1134
1135 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1136 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1137 <listitem>
1138 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1140 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1141 </indexterm>
1142 </listitem>
1143 </varlistentry>
1144
1145 <varlistentry id="users">
1146 <term><command>users</command></term>
1147 <listitem>
1148 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1149 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1150 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1151 </indexterm>
1152 </listitem>
1153 </varlistentry>
1154
1155 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1156 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1157 <listitem>
1158 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1159 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1160 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1161 </indexterm>
1162 </listitem>
1163 </varlistentry>
1164
1165 <varlistentry id="wc">
1166 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1167 <listitem>
1168 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1169 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1170 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1171 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1172 </indexterm>
1173 </listitem>
1174 </varlistentry>
1175
1176 <varlistentry id="who">
1177 <term><command>who</command></term>
1178 <listitem>
1179 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1180 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1181 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1182 </indexterm>
1183 </listitem>
1184 </varlistentry>
1185
1186 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1187 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1188 <listitem>
1189 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1190 user ID</para>
1191 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1192 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1193 </indexterm>
1194 </listitem>
1195 </varlistentry>
1196
1197 <varlistentry id="yes">
1198 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1199 <listitem>
1200 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1201 killed</para>
1202 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1203 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1204 </indexterm>
1205 </listitem>
1206 </varlistentry>
1207
1208 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1209 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
1210 <listitem>
1211 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1213 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
1214 </indexterm>
1215 </listitem>
1216 </varlistentry>
1217
1218 </variablelist>
1219
1220 </sect2>
1221
1222</sect1>
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