1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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4 | %general-entities;
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5 | ]>
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6 | <sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
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7 | <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
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8 | <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
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9 |
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10 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils"><primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary></indexterm>
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11 |
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12 | <sect2 role="package"><title/>
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13 | <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
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14 | basic system characteristics.</para>
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15 |
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16 | <segmentedlist>
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17 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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18 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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19 | <seglistitem><seg>0.9 SBU</seg><seg>52.8 MB</seg></seglistitem>
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20 | </segmentedlist>
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21 |
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22 | <segmentedlist>
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23 | <segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
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24 | <seglistitem><seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC,
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25 | Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Perl, and Sed</seg></seglistitem>
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26 | </segmentedlist>
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27 | </sect2>
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28 |
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29 | <sect2 role="installation">
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30 | <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
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31 |
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32 | <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
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33 | this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
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34 | returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
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35 | fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
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36 |
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37 | <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
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38 |
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39 | <para>Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be installed by
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40 | other packages later:</para>
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41 |
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42 | <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
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43 |
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44 | <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
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45 | boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
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46 | fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
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47 |
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48 | <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
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49 |
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50 | <para>In order for the tests added by this patch to pass, the permissions for
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51 | the test file have to be changed:</para>
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52 |
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53 | <screen><userinput>chmod +x tests/sort/sort-mb-tests</userinput></screen>
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54 |
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55 | <note><para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting
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56 | new bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
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57 | without this patch.</para></note>
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58 |
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59 | <para>It has been found that translated messages sometimes overflow a buffer
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60 | in the <command>who -Hu</command> command. Increase the buffer size:</para>
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61 |
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62 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's/_LEN 6/_LEN 20/' src/who.c</userinput></screen>
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63 |
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64 | <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
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65 |
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66 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
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67 |
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68 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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69 |
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70 | <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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71 |
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72 | <para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the presence
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73 | of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal environment
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74 | that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need to be set up before
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75 | running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the package</quote> if not
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76 | running the test suite.</para>
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77 |
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78 | <para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user:</para>
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79 |
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80 | <screen><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" >> /etc/group
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81 | echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" >> /etc/group
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82 | echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
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83 |
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84 | <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that
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85 | are meant to be run as user <emphasis>root</emphasis>:</para>
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86 |
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87 | <screen><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
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88 |
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89 | <para>Then run the remainder of the tests as the
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90 | <emphasis>dummy</emphasis> user:</para>
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91 |
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92 | <screen><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
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93 |
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94 | <para>When testing is complete, remove the dummy user and
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95 | groups:</para>
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96 |
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97 | <screen><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
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98 |
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99 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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100 |
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101 | <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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102 |
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103 | <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
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104 |
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105 | <screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
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106 | mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
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107 | mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
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108 | mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
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109 |
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110 | <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
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111 | <command>head</command> and <command>sleep</command>. As
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112 | <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the
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113 | early stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
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114 |
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115 | <screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep} /bin</userinput></screen>
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116 |
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117 | </sect2>
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118 |
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119 |
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120 | <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content"><title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
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121 |
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122 | <segmentedlist>
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123 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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124 | <seglistitem><seg>basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
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125 | comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
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126 | echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
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127 | hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
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128 | mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky,
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129 | pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum,
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130 | shred, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee,
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131 | test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink,
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132 | users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg></seglistitem>
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133 | </segmentedlist>
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134 |
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135 | <variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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136 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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137 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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138 |
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139 | <varlistentry id="basename">
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140 | <term><command>basename</command></term>
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141 | <listitem>
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142 | <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
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143 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename"><primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary></indexterm>
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144 | </listitem>
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145 | </varlistentry>
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146 |
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147 | <varlistentry id="cat">
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148 | <term><command>cat</command></term>
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149 | <listitem>
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150 | <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
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151 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat"><primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary></indexterm>
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152 | </listitem>
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153 | </varlistentry>
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154 |
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155 | <varlistentry id="chgrp">
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156 | <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
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157 | <listitem>
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158 | <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
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159 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp"><primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary></indexterm>
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160 | </listitem>
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161 | </varlistentry>
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162 |
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163 | <varlistentry id="chmod">
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164 | <term><command>chmod</command></term>
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165 | <listitem>
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166 | <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
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167 | can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
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168 | octal number representing the new permissions</para>
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169 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod"><primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary></indexterm>
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170 | </listitem>
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171 | </varlistentry>
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172 |
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173 | <varlistentry id="chown">
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174 | <term><command>chown</command></term>
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175 | <listitem>
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176 | <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and directories</para>
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177 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown"><primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary></indexterm>
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178 | </listitem>
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179 | </varlistentry>
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180 |
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181 | <varlistentry id="chroot">
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182 | <term><command>chroot</command></term>
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183 | <listitem>
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184 | <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
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185 | <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
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186 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot"><primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary></indexterm>
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187 | </listitem>
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188 | </varlistentry>
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189 |
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190 | <varlistentry id="cksum">
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191 | <term><command>cksum</command></term>
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192 | <listitem>
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193 | <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
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194 | counts of each specified file</para>
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195 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum"><primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary></indexterm>
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196 | </listitem>
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197 | </varlistentry>
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198 |
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199 | <varlistentry id="comm">
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200 | <term><command>comm</command></term>
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201 | <listitem>
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202 | <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
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203 | that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
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204 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm"><primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary></indexterm>
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205 | </listitem>
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206 | </varlistentry>
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207 |
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208 | <varlistentry id="cp">
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209 | <term><command>cp</command></term>
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210 | <listitem>
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211 | <para>Copies files</para>
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212 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp"><primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary></indexterm>
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213 | </listitem>
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214 | </varlistentry>
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215 |
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216 | <varlistentry id="csplit">
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217 | <term><command>csplit</command></term>
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218 | <listitem>
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219 | <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
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220 | according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
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221 | count of each new file</para>
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222 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit"><primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary></indexterm>
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223 | </listitem>
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224 | </varlistentry>
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225 |
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226 | <varlistentry id="cut">
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227 | <term><command>cut</command></term>
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228 | <listitem>
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229 | <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
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230 | fields or positions</para>
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231 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut"><primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary></indexterm>
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232 | </listitem>
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233 | </varlistentry>
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234 |
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235 | <varlistentry id="date">
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236 | <term><command>date</command></term>
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237 | <listitem>
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238 | <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
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239 | system date</para>
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240 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date"><primary sortas="b-date">date</primary></indexterm>
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241 | </listitem>
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242 | </varlistentry>
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243 |
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244 | <varlistentry id="dd">
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245 | <term><command>dd</command> </term>
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246 | <listitem>
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247 | <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
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248 | optionally performing conversions on it</para>
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249 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd"><primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary></indexterm>
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250 | </listitem>
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251 | </varlistentry>
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252 |
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253 | <varlistentry id="df">
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254 | <term><command>df</command></term>
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255 | <listitem>
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256 | <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
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257 | mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
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258 | files</para>
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259 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df"><primary sortas="b-df">df</primary></indexterm>
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260 | </listitem>
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261 | </varlistentry>
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262 |
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263 | <varlistentry id="dir">
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264 | <term><command>dir</command></term>
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265 | <listitem>
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266 | <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
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267 | the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
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268 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir"><primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary></indexterm>
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269 | </listitem>
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270 | </varlistentry>
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271 |
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272 | <varlistentry id="dircolors">
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273 | <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
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274 | <listitem>
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275 | <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
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276 | environment variable to change the color scheme used by
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277 | <command>ls</command></para>
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278 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors"><primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary></indexterm>
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279 | </listitem>
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280 | </varlistentry>
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281 |
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282 | <varlistentry id="dirname">
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283 | <term><command>dirname</command></term>
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284 | <listitem>
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285 | <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
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286 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname"><primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary></indexterm>
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287 | </listitem>
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288 | </varlistentry>
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289 |
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290 | <varlistentry id="du">
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291 | <term><command>du</command></term>
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292 | <listitem>
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293 | <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
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294 | by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
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295 | each of the given files</para>
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296 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du"><primary sortas="b-du">du</primary></indexterm>
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297 | </listitem>
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298 | </varlistentry>
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299 |
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300 | <varlistentry id="echo">
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301 | <term><command>echo</command></term>
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302 | <listitem>
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303 | <para>Displays the given strings</para>
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304 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo"><primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary></indexterm>
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305 | </listitem>
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306 | </varlistentry>
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307 |
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308 | <varlistentry id="env">
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309 | <term><command>env</command></term>
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310 | <listitem>
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311 | <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
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312 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env"><primary sortas="b-env">env</primary></indexterm>
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313 | </listitem>
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314 | </varlistentry>
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315 |
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316 | <varlistentry id="expand">
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317 | <term><command>expand</command></term>
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318 | <listitem>
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319 | <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
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320 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand"><primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary></indexterm>
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321 | </listitem>
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322 | </varlistentry>
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323 |
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324 | <varlistentry id="expr">
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325 | <term><command>expr</command></term>
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326 | <listitem>
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327 | <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
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328 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr"><primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary></indexterm>
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329 | </listitem>
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330 | </varlistentry>
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331 |
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332 | <varlistentry id="factor">
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333 | <term><command>factor</command></term>
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334 | <listitem>
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335 | <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
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336 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor"><primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary></indexterm>
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337 | </listitem>
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338 | </varlistentry>
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339 |
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340 | <varlistentry id="false">
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341 | <term><command>false</command></term>
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342 | <listitem>
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343 | <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
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344 | indicating failure</para>
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345 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false"><primary sortas="b-false">false</primary></indexterm>
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346 | </listitem>
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347 | </varlistentry>
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348 |
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349 | <varlistentry id="fmt">
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350 | <term><command>fmt</command></term>
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351 | <listitem>
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352 | <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
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353 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt"><primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary></indexterm>
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354 | </listitem>
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355 | </varlistentry>
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356 |
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357 | <varlistentry id="fold">
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358 | <term><command>fold</command></term>
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359 | <listitem>
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360 | <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
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361 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold"><primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary></indexterm>
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362 | </listitem>
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363 | </varlistentry>
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364 |
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365 | <varlistentry id="groups">
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366 | <term><command>groups</command></term>
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367 | <listitem>
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368 | <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
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369 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups"><primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary></indexterm>
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370 | </listitem>
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371 | </varlistentry>
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372 |
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373 | <varlistentry id="head">
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374 | <term><command>head</command></term>
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375 | <listitem>
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376 | <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each given file</para>
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377 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head"><primary sortas="b-head">head</primary></indexterm>
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378 | </listitem>
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379 | </varlistentry>
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380 |
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381 | <varlistentry id="hostid">
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382 | <term><command>hostid</command></term>
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383 | <listitem>
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384 | <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
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385 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid"><primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary></indexterm>
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386 | </listitem>
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387 | </varlistentry>
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388 |
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389 | <varlistentry id="hostname">
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390 | <term><command>hostname</command></term>
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391 | <listitem>
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392 | <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
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393 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname"><primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary></indexterm>
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394 | </listitem>
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395 | </varlistentry>
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396 |
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397 | <varlistentry id="id">
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398 | <term><command>id</command></term>
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399 | <listitem>
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400 | <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and
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401 | group memberships of the current user or specified user</para>
|
---|
402 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id"><primary sortas="b-id">id</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
403 | </listitem>
|
---|
404 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
405 |
|
---|
406 | <varlistentry id="install">
|
---|
407 | <term><command>install</command> </term>
|
---|
408 | <listitem>
|
---|
409 | <para>Copies files while setting their
|
---|
410 | permission modes and, if possible, their owner and group</para>
|
---|
411 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install"><primary sortas="b-install">install</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
412 | </listitem>
|
---|
413 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
414 |
|
---|
415 | <varlistentry id="join">
|
---|
416 | <term><command>join</command></term>
|
---|
417 | <listitem>
|
---|
418 | <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
|
---|
419 | separate files</para>
|
---|
420 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join"><primary sortas="b-join">join</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
421 | </listitem>
|
---|
422 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
423 |
|
---|
424 | <varlistentry id="link">
|
---|
425 | <term><command>link</command></term>
|
---|
426 | <listitem>
|
---|
427 | <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
|
---|
428 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link"><primary sortas="b-link">link</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
429 | </listitem>
|
---|
430 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
431 |
|
---|
432 | <varlistentry id="ln">
|
---|
433 | <term><command>ln</command></term>
|
---|
434 | <listitem>
|
---|
435 | <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
|
---|
436 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln"><primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
437 | </listitem>
|
---|
438 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
439 |
|
---|
440 | <varlistentry id="logname">
|
---|
441 | <term><command>logname</command></term>
|
---|
442 | <listitem>
|
---|
443 | <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
|
---|
444 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname"><primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
445 | </listitem>
|
---|
446 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
447 |
|
---|
448 | <varlistentry id="ls">
|
---|
449 | <term><command>ls</command></term>
|
---|
450 | <listitem>
|
---|
451 | <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
|
---|
452 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls"><primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
453 | </listitem>
|
---|
454 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
455 |
|
---|
456 | <varlistentry id="md5sum">
|
---|
457 | <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
|
---|
458 | <listitem>
|
---|
459 | <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
|
---|
460 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum"><primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
461 | </listitem>
|
---|
462 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
463 |
|
---|
464 | <varlistentry id="mkdir">
|
---|
465 | <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
|
---|
466 | <listitem>
|
---|
467 | <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
|
---|
468 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir"><primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
469 | </listitem>
|
---|
470 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
471 |
|
---|
472 | <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
|
---|
473 | <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
|
---|
474 | <listitem>
|
---|
475 | <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
|
---|
476 | pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
|
---|
477 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo"><primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
478 | </listitem>
|
---|
479 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
480 |
|
---|
481 | <varlistentry id="mknod">
|
---|
482 | <term><command>mknod</command></term>
|
---|
483 | <listitem>
|
---|
484 | <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
|
---|
485 | character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
|
---|
486 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod"><primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
487 | </listitem>
|
---|
488 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
489 |
|
---|
490 | <varlistentry id="mv">
|
---|
491 | <term><command>mv</command></term>
|
---|
492 | <listitem>
|
---|
493 | <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
|
---|
494 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv"><primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
495 | </listitem>
|
---|
496 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
497 |
|
---|
498 | <varlistentry id="nice">
|
---|
499 | <term><command>nice</command></term>
|
---|
500 | <listitem>
|
---|
501 | <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
|
---|
502 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice"><primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
503 | </listitem>
|
---|
504 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
505 |
|
---|
506 | <varlistentry id="nl">
|
---|
507 | <term><command>nl</command></term>
|
---|
508 | <listitem>
|
---|
509 | <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
|
---|
510 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl"><primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
511 | </listitem>
|
---|
512 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
513 |
|
---|
514 | <varlistentry id="nohup">
|
---|
515 | <term><command>nohup</command></term>
|
---|
516 | <listitem>
|
---|
517 | <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
|
---|
518 | a log file</para>
|
---|
519 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup"><primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
520 | </listitem>
|
---|
521 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
522 |
|
---|
523 | <varlistentry id="od">
|
---|
524 | <term><command>od</command></term>
|
---|
525 | <listitem>
|
---|
526 | <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
|
---|
527 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od"><primary sortas="b-od">od</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
528 | </listitem>
|
---|
529 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
530 |
|
---|
531 | <varlistentry id="paste">
|
---|
532 | <term><command>paste</command></term>
|
---|
533 | <listitem>
|
---|
534 | <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
|
---|
535 | side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
|
---|
536 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste"><primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
537 | </listitem>
|
---|
538 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
539 |
|
---|
540 | <varlistentry id="pathchk">
|
---|
541 | <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
|
---|
542 | <listitem>
|
---|
543 | <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
|
---|
544 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk"><primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
545 | </listitem>
|
---|
546 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
547 |
|
---|
548 | <varlistentry id="pinky">
|
---|
549 | <term><command>pinky</command></term>
|
---|
550 | <listitem>
|
---|
551 | <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information about the given users</para>
|
---|
552 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky"><primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
553 | </listitem>
|
---|
554 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
555 |
|
---|
556 | <varlistentry id="pr">
|
---|
557 | <term><command>pr</command></term>
|
---|
558 | <listitem>
|
---|
559 | <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
|
---|
560 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr"><primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
561 | </listitem>
|
---|
562 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
563 |
|
---|
564 | <varlistentry id="printenv">
|
---|
565 | <term><command>printenv</command></term>
|
---|
566 | <listitem>
|
---|
567 | <para>Prints the environment</para>
|
---|
568 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv"><primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
569 | </listitem>
|
---|
570 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
571 |
|
---|
572 | <varlistentry id="printf">
|
---|
573 | <term><command>printf</command></term>
|
---|
574 | <listitem>
|
---|
575 | <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
|
---|
576 | like the C printf function</para>
|
---|
577 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf"><primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
578 | </listitem>
|
---|
579 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
580 |
|
---|
581 | <varlistentry id="ptx">
|
---|
582 | <term><command>ptx</command></term>
|
---|
583 | <listitem>
|
---|
584 | <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
|
---|
585 | with each keyword in its context</para>
|
---|
586 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx"><primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
587 | </listitem>
|
---|
588 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
589 |
|
---|
590 | <varlistentry id="pwd">
|
---|
591 | <term><command>pwd</command></term>
|
---|
592 | <listitem>
|
---|
593 | <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
|
---|
594 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd"><primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
595 | </listitem>
|
---|
596 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
597 |
|
---|
598 | <varlistentry id="readlink">
|
---|
599 | <term><command>readlink</command></term>
|
---|
600 | <listitem>
|
---|
601 | <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
|
---|
602 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink"><primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
603 | </listitem>
|
---|
604 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
605 |
|
---|
606 | <varlistentry id="rm">
|
---|
607 | <term><command>rm</command></term>
|
---|
608 | <listitem>
|
---|
609 | <para>Removes files or directories</para>
|
---|
610 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm"><primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
611 | </listitem>
|
---|
612 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
613 |
|
---|
614 | <varlistentry id="rmdir">
|
---|
615 | <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
|
---|
616 | <listitem>
|
---|
617 | <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
|
---|
618 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir"><primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
619 | </listitem>
|
---|
620 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
621 |
|
---|
622 | <varlistentry id="seq">
|
---|
623 | <term><command>seq</command></term>
|
---|
624 | <listitem>
|
---|
625 | <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
|
---|
626 | given increment</para>
|
---|
627 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq"><primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
628 | </listitem>
|
---|
629 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
630 |
|
---|
631 | <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
|
---|
632 | <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
|
---|
633 | <listitem>
|
---|
634 | <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1) checksums</para>
|
---|
635 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum"><primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
636 | </listitem>
|
---|
637 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
638 |
|
---|
639 | <varlistentry id="shred">
|
---|
640 | <term><command>shred</command></term>
|
---|
641 | <listitem>
|
---|
642 | <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
|
---|
643 | making it difficult to recover the data</para>
|
---|
644 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred"><primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
645 | </listitem>
|
---|
646 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
647 |
|
---|
648 | <varlistentry id="sleep">
|
---|
649 | <term><command>sleep</command></term>
|
---|
650 | <listitem>
|
---|
651 | <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
|
---|
652 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep"><primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
653 | </listitem>
|
---|
654 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
655 |
|
---|
656 | <varlistentry id="sort">
|
---|
657 | <term><command>sort</command></term>
|
---|
658 | <listitem>
|
---|
659 | <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
|
---|
660 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort"><primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
661 | </listitem>
|
---|
662 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
663 |
|
---|
664 | <varlistentry id="split">
|
---|
665 | <term><command>split</command></term>
|
---|
666 | <listitem>
|
---|
667 | <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of lines</para>
|
---|
668 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split"><primary sortas="b-split">split</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
669 | </listitem>
|
---|
670 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
671 |
|
---|
672 | <varlistentry id="stat">
|
---|
673 | <term><command>stat</command></term>
|
---|
674 | <listitem>
|
---|
675 | <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
|
---|
676 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat"><primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
677 | </listitem>
|
---|
678 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
679 |
|
---|
680 | <varlistentry id="stty">
|
---|
681 | <term><command>stty</command></term>
|
---|
682 | <listitem>
|
---|
683 | <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
|
---|
684 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty"><primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
685 | </listitem>
|
---|
686 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
687 |
|
---|
688 | <varlistentry id="sum">
|
---|
689 | <term><command>sum</command></term>
|
---|
690 | <listitem>
|
---|
691 | <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
|
---|
692 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum"><primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
693 | </listitem>
|
---|
694 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
695 |
|
---|
696 | <varlistentry id="sync">
|
---|
697 | <term><command>sync</command></term>
|
---|
698 | <listitem>
|
---|
699 | <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
|
---|
700 | and updates the super block</para>
|
---|
701 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync"><primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
702 | </listitem>
|
---|
703 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
704 |
|
---|
705 | <varlistentry id="tac">
|
---|
706 | <term><command>tac</command></term>
|
---|
707 | <listitem>
|
---|
708 | <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
|
---|
709 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac"><primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
710 | </listitem>
|
---|
711 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
712 |
|
---|
713 | <varlistentry id="tail">
|
---|
714 | <term><command>tail</command></term>
|
---|
715 | <listitem>
|
---|
716 | <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
|
---|
717 | given file</para>
|
---|
718 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail"><primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
719 | </listitem>
|
---|
720 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
721 |
|
---|
722 | <varlistentry id="tee">
|
---|
723 | <term><command>tee</command></term>
|
---|
724 | <listitem>
|
---|
725 | <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
|
---|
726 | and to the given files</para>
|
---|
727 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee"><primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
728 | </listitem>
|
---|
729 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
730 |
|
---|
731 | <varlistentry id="test">
|
---|
732 | <term><command>test</command></term>
|
---|
733 | <listitem>
|
---|
734 | <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
|
---|
735 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test"><primary sortas="b-test">test</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
736 | </listitem>
|
---|
737 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
738 |
|
---|
739 | <varlistentry id="touch">
|
---|
740 | <term><command>touch</command></term>
|
---|
741 | <listitem>
|
---|
742 | <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
|
---|
743 | times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
|
---|
744 | are created with zero length</para>
|
---|
745 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch"><primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
746 | </listitem>
|
---|
747 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
748 |
|
---|
749 | <varlistentry id="tr">
|
---|
750 | <term><command>tr</command></term>
|
---|
751 | <listitem>
|
---|
752 | <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
|
---|
753 | standard input</para>
|
---|
754 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr"><primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
755 | </listitem>
|
---|
756 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
757 |
|
---|
758 | <varlistentry id="true">
|
---|
759 | <term><command>true</command></term>
|
---|
760 | <listitem>
|
---|
761 | <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
|
---|
762 | indicating success</para>
|
---|
763 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true"><primary sortas="b-true">true</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
764 | </listitem>
|
---|
765 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
766 |
|
---|
767 | <varlistentry id="tsort">
|
---|
768 | <term><command>tsort</command></term>
|
---|
769 | <listitem>
|
---|
770 | <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
|
---|
771 | according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
|
---|
772 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort"><primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
773 | </listitem>
|
---|
774 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
775 |
|
---|
776 | <varlistentry id="tty">
|
---|
777 | <term><command>tty</command></term>
|
---|
778 | <listitem>
|
---|
779 | <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
|
---|
780 | input</para>
|
---|
781 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty"><primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
782 | </listitem>
|
---|
783 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
784 |
|
---|
785 | <varlistentry id="uname">
|
---|
786 | <term><command>uname</command></term>
|
---|
787 | <listitem>
|
---|
788 | <para>Reports system information</para>
|
---|
789 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname"><primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
790 | </listitem>
|
---|
791 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
792 |
|
---|
793 | <varlistentry id="unexpand">
|
---|
794 | <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
|
---|
795 | <listitem>
|
---|
796 | <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
|
---|
797 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand"><primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
798 | </listitem>
|
---|
799 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
800 |
|
---|
801 | <varlistentry id="uniq">
|
---|
802 | <term><command>uniq</command></term>
|
---|
803 | <listitem>
|
---|
804 | <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
|
---|
805 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq"><primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
806 | </listitem>
|
---|
807 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
808 |
|
---|
809 | <varlistentry id="unlink">
|
---|
810 | <term><command>unlink</command></term>
|
---|
811 | <listitem>
|
---|
812 | <para>Removes the given file</para>
|
---|
813 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink"><primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
814 | </listitem>
|
---|
815 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
816 |
|
---|
817 | <varlistentry id="users">
|
---|
818 | <term><command>users</command></term>
|
---|
819 | <listitem>
|
---|
820 | <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
|
---|
821 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users"><primary sortas="b-users">users</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
822 | </listitem>
|
---|
823 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
824 |
|
---|
825 | <varlistentry id="vdir">
|
---|
826 | <term><command>vdir</command></term>
|
---|
827 | <listitem>
|
---|
828 | <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
|
---|
829 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir"><primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
830 | </listitem>
|
---|
831 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
832 |
|
---|
833 | <varlistentry id="wc">
|
---|
834 | <term><command>wc</command></term>
|
---|
835 | <listitem>
|
---|
836 | <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
|
---|
837 | file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
|
---|
838 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc"><primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
839 | </listitem>
|
---|
840 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
841 |
|
---|
842 | <varlistentry id="who">
|
---|
843 | <term><command>who</command></term>
|
---|
844 | <listitem>
|
---|
845 | <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
|
---|
846 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who"><primary sortas="b-who">who</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
847 | </listitem>
|
---|
848 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
849 |
|
---|
850 | <varlistentry id="whoami">
|
---|
851 | <term><command>whoami</command></term>
|
---|
852 | <listitem>
|
---|
853 | <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective user ID</para>
|
---|
854 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami"><primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
855 | </listitem>
|
---|
856 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
857 |
|
---|
858 | <varlistentry id="yes">
|
---|
859 | <term><command>yes</command></term>
|
---|
860 | <listitem>
|
---|
861 | <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
|
---|
862 | killed</para>
|
---|
863 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes"><primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
864 | </listitem>
|
---|
865 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
866 | </variablelist>
|
---|
867 |
|
---|
868 | </sect2>
|
---|
869 |
|
---|
870 | </sect1>
|
---|
871 |
|
---|