source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 2a7ac34

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Last change on this file since 2a7ac34 was 2a7ac34, checked in by Jeremy Huntwork <jhuntwork@…>, 17 years ago

Upgrade to Glibc-2.6.1. Fixes #2018. Thanks to several people mentioned in the changelog.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@8375 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>The version of the function <quote>futimens</quote> used
45 by Coreutils is incompatible with the version that current
46 Glibc provides, so we'll rename the function:</para>
47
48<screen><userinput>sed -i 's/futimens/gl_&amp;/' src/{copy,touch}.c lib/utimens.{c,h}</userinput></screen>
49
50 <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
51 this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
52 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
53 fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
54
55<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
56
57 <para>Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be installed by
58 other packages later:</para>
59
60<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
61
62 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
63 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
64 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
65
66<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
67
68 <para>In order for the tests added by this patch to pass, the permissions for
69 the test file have to be changed:</para>
70
71<screen><userinput>chmod +x tests/sort/sort-mb-tests</userinput></screen>
72
73 <note>
74 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
75 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
76 without this patch.</para>
77 </note>
78
79 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
80
81<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para>Compile the package:</para>
84
85<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
86
87 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
88 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
89
90 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
91 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
92
93<screen><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
94
95 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
96 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
97 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
98 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
99 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
100
101<screen><userinput>echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
102
103 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
104
105<screen><userinput>su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
106
107 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
108
109<screen><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
110
111 <para>Install the package:</para>
112
113<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
114
115 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
116
117<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
118mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin
119mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
120mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
121
122 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
123 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
124 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
125 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
126 need to be on the root partition:</para>
127
128<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
129
130 </sect2>
131
132
133 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
134 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
135
136 <segmentedlist>
137 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
138
139 <seglistitem>
140 <seg>base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm,
141 cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env,
142 expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid, hostname,
143 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
144 mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf,
145 ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum,
146 sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum,
147 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname,
148 unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
149 </seglistitem>
150 </segmentedlist>
151
152 <variablelist>
153 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
154 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
155 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
156
157 <varlistentry id="base64">
158 <term><command>base64</command></term>
159 <listitem>
160 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
161 specification</para>
162 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
163 <primary sortas="b-base64">basename</primary>
164 </indexterm>
165 </listitem>
166 </varlistentry>
167
168 <varlistentry id="basename">
169 <term><command>basename</command></term>
170 <listitem>
171 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
172 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
173 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
174 </indexterm>
175 </listitem>
176 </varlistentry>
177
178 <varlistentry id="cat">
179 <term><command>cat</command></term>
180 <listitem>
181 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
183 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
184 </indexterm>
185 </listitem>
186 </varlistentry>
187
188 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
189 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
190 <listitem>
191 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
193 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
194 </indexterm>
195 </listitem>
196 </varlistentry>
197
198 <varlistentry id="chmod">
199 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
200 <listitem>
201 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
202 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
203 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
204 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
205 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
206 </indexterm>
207 </listitem>
208 </varlistentry>
209
210 <varlistentry id="chown">
211 <term><command>chown</command></term>
212 <listitem>
213 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
214 directories</para>
215 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
216 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
217 </indexterm>
218 </listitem>
219 </varlistentry>
220
221 <varlistentry id="chroot">
222 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
223 <listitem>
224 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
225 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
227 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="cksum">
233 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
236 counts of each specified file</para>
237 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
238 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
239 </indexterm>
240 </listitem>
241 </varlistentry>
242
243 <varlistentry id="comm">
244 <term><command>comm</command></term>
245 <listitem>
246 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
247 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
248 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
249 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
250 </indexterm>
251 </listitem>
252 </varlistentry>
253
254 <varlistentry id="cp">
255 <term><command>cp</command></term>
256 <listitem>
257 <para>Copies files</para>
258 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
259 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
260 </indexterm>
261 </listitem>
262 </varlistentry>
263
264 <varlistentry id="csplit">
265 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
266 <listitem>
267 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
268 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
269 count of each new file</para>
270 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
271 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
272 </indexterm>
273 </listitem>
274 </varlistentry>
275
276 <varlistentry id="cut">
277 <term><command>cut</command></term>
278 <listitem>
279 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
280 fields or positions</para>
281 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
282 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
283 </indexterm>
284 </listitem>
285 </varlistentry>
286
287 <varlistentry id="date">
288 <term><command>date</command></term>
289 <listitem>
290 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
291 system date</para>
292 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
293 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
294 </indexterm>
295 </listitem>
296 </varlistentry>
297
298 <varlistentry id="dd">
299 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
300 <listitem>
301 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
302 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
303 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
304 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
305 </indexterm>
306 </listitem>
307 </varlistentry>
308
309 <varlistentry id="df">
310 <term><command>df</command></term>
311 <listitem>
312 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
313 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
314 files</para>
315 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
316 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
317 </indexterm>
318 </listitem>
319 </varlistentry>
320
321 <varlistentry id="dir">
322 <term><command>dir</command></term>
323 <listitem>
324 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
325 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
326 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
327 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
328 </indexterm>
329 </listitem>
330 </varlistentry>
331
332 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
333 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
334 <listitem>
335 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
336 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
337 <command>ls</command></para>
338 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
339 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
340 </indexterm>
341 </listitem>
342 </varlistentry>
343
344 <varlistentry id="dirname">
345 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
346 <listitem>
347 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
348 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
349 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
350 </indexterm>
351 </listitem>
352 </varlistentry>
353
354 <varlistentry id="du">
355 <term><command>du</command></term>
356 <listitem>
357 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
358 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
359 each of the given files</para>
360 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
361 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
362 </indexterm>
363 </listitem>
364 </varlistentry>
365
366 <varlistentry id="echo">
367 <term><command>echo</command></term>
368 <listitem>
369 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
370 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
371 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
372 </indexterm>
373 </listitem>
374 </varlistentry>
375
376 <varlistentry id="env">
377 <term><command>env</command></term>
378 <listitem>
379 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
380 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
381 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
382 </indexterm>
383 </listitem>
384 </varlistentry>
385
386 <varlistentry id="expand">
387 <term><command>expand</command></term>
388 <listitem>
389 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
390 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
391 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
392 </indexterm>
393 </listitem>
394 </varlistentry>
395
396 <varlistentry id="expr">
397 <term><command>expr</command></term>
398 <listitem>
399 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
400 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
401 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
402 </indexterm>
403 </listitem>
404 </varlistentry>
405
406 <varlistentry id="factor">
407 <term><command>factor</command></term>
408 <listitem>
409 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
410 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
411 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
412 </indexterm>
413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415
416 <varlistentry id="false">
417 <term><command>false</command></term>
418 <listitem>
419 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
420 indicating failure</para>
421 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
422 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
423 </indexterm>
424 </listitem>
425 </varlistentry>
426
427 <varlistentry id="fmt">
428 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
429 <listitem>
430 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
431 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
432 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
433 </indexterm>
434 </listitem>
435 </varlistentry>
436
437 <varlistentry id="fold">
438 <term><command>fold</command></term>
439 <listitem>
440 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
441 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
442 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
443 </indexterm>
444 </listitem>
445 </varlistentry>
446
447 <varlistentry id="groups">
448 <term><command>groups</command></term>
449 <listitem>
450 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
451 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
452 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
453 </indexterm>
454 </listitem>
455 </varlistentry>
456
457 <varlistentry id="head">
458 <term><command>head</command></term>
459 <listitem>
460 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
461 of each given file</para>
462 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
463 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
464 </indexterm>
465 </listitem>
466 </varlistentry>
467
468 <varlistentry id="hostid">
469 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
470 <listitem>
471 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
472 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
473 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
474 </indexterm>
475 </listitem>
476 </varlistentry>
477
478 <varlistentry id="hostname">
479 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
480 <listitem>
481 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
482 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
483 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
484 </indexterm>
485 </listitem>
486 </varlistentry>
487
488 <varlistentry id="id">
489 <term><command>id</command></term>
490 <listitem>
491 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
492 of the current user or specified user</para>
493 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
494 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
495 </indexterm>
496 </listitem>
497 </varlistentry>
498
499 <varlistentry id="install">
500 <term><command>install</command> </term>
501 <listitem>
502 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
503 possible, their owner and group</para>
504 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
505 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
506 </indexterm>
507 </listitem>
508 </varlistentry>
509
510 <varlistentry id="join">
511 <term><command>join</command></term>
512 <listitem>
513 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
514 separate files</para>
515 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
516 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
517 </indexterm>
518 </listitem>
519 </varlistentry>
520
521 <varlistentry id="link">
522 <term><command>link</command></term>
523 <listitem>
524 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
525 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
526 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
527 </indexterm>
528 </listitem>
529 </varlistentry>
530
531 <varlistentry id="ln">
532 <term><command>ln</command></term>
533 <listitem>
534 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
535 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
536 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
537 </indexterm>
538 </listitem>
539 </varlistentry>
540
541 <varlistentry id="logname">
542 <term><command>logname</command></term>
543 <listitem>
544 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
545 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
546 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
547 </indexterm>
548 </listitem>
549 </varlistentry>
550
551 <varlistentry id="ls">
552 <term><command>ls</command></term>
553 <listitem>
554 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
555 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
556 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
557 </indexterm>
558 </listitem>
559 </varlistentry>
560
561 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
562 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
563 <listitem>
564 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
565 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
566 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
567 </indexterm>
568 </listitem>
569 </varlistentry>
570
571 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
572 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
573 <listitem>
574 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
575 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
576 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
577 </indexterm>
578 </listitem>
579 </varlistentry>
580
581 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
582 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
583 <listitem>
584 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
585 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
586 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
587 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
588 </indexterm>
589 </listitem>
590 </varlistentry>
591
592 <varlistentry id="mknod">
593 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
594 <listitem>
595 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
596 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
597 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
598 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
599 </indexterm>
600 </listitem>
601 </varlistentry>
602
603 <varlistentry id="mv">
604 <term><command>mv</command></term>
605 <listitem>
606 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
607 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
608 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
609 </indexterm>
610 </listitem>
611 </varlistentry>
612
613 <varlistentry id="nice">
614 <term><command>nice</command></term>
615 <listitem>
616 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
617 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
618 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
619 </indexterm>
620 </listitem>
621 </varlistentry>
622
623 <varlistentry id="nl">
624 <term><command>nl</command></term>
625 <listitem>
626 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
627 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
628 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
629 </indexterm>
630 </listitem>
631 </varlistentry>
632
633 <varlistentry id="nohup">
634 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
635 <listitem>
636 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
637 a log file</para>
638 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
639 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
640 </indexterm>
641 </listitem>
642 </varlistentry>
643
644 <varlistentry id="od">
645 <term><command>od</command></term>
646 <listitem>
647 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
648 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
649 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
650 </indexterm>
651 </listitem>
652 </varlistentry>
653
654 <varlistentry id="paste">
655 <term><command>paste</command></term>
656 <listitem>
657 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
658 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
660 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
666 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
669 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
670 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
671 </indexterm>
672 </listitem>
673 </varlistentry>
674
675 <varlistentry id="pinky">
676 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
677 <listitem>
678 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
679 about the given users</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
681 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="pr">
687 <term><command>pr</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
690 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
691 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
692 </indexterm>
693 </listitem>
694 </varlistentry>
695
696 <varlistentry id="printenv">
697 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
698 <listitem>
699 <para>Prints the environment</para>
700 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
701 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
702 </indexterm>
703 </listitem>
704 </varlistentry>
705
706 <varlistentry id="printf">
707 <term><command>printf</command></term>
708 <listitem>
709 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
710 like the C printf function</para>
711 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
712 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
713 </indexterm>
714 </listitem>
715 </varlistentry>
716
717 <varlistentry id="ptx">
718 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
719 <listitem>
720 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
721 with each keyword in its context</para>
722 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
723 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
724 </indexterm>
725 </listitem>
726 </varlistentry>
727
728 <varlistentry id="pwd">
729 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
730 <listitem>
731 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
733 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="readlink">
739 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
742 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
743 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
744 </indexterm>
745 </listitem>
746 </varlistentry>
747
748 <varlistentry id="rm">
749 <term><command>rm</command></term>
750 <listitem>
751 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
752 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
753 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
754 </indexterm>
755 </listitem>
756 </varlistentry>
757
758 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
759 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
760 <listitem>
761 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
762 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
763 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
764 </indexterm>
765 </listitem>
766 </varlistentry>
767
768 <varlistentry id="seq">
769 <term><command>seq</command></term>
770 <listitem>
771 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
772 given increment</para>
773 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
774 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
775 </indexterm>
776 </listitem>
777 </varlistentry>
778
779 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
780 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
781 <listitem>
782 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
783 checksums</para>
784 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
785 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
786 </indexterm>
787 </listitem>
788 </varlistentry>
789
790 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
791 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
792 <listitem>
793 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
794 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
795 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
796 </indexterm>
797 </listitem>
798 </varlistentry>
799
800 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
801 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
802 <listitem>
803 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
804 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
805 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
806 </indexterm>
807 </listitem>
808 </varlistentry>
809
810 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
811 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
812 <listitem>
813 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
814 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
815 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
816 </indexterm>
817 </listitem>
818 </varlistentry>
819
820 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
821 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
822 <listitem>
823 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
824 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
825 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
826 </indexterm>
827 </listitem>
828 </varlistentry>
829
830 <varlistentry id="shred">
831 <term><command>shred</command></term>
832 <listitem>
833 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
834 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
835 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
836 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
837 </indexterm>
838 </listitem>
839 </varlistentry>
840
841 <varlistentry id="shuf">
842 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
843 <listitem>
844 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
845 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
846 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
847 </indexterm>
848 </listitem>
849 </varlistentry>
850
851 <varlistentry id="sleep">
852 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
853 <listitem>
854 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
855 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
856 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
857 </indexterm>
858 </listitem>
859 </varlistentry>
860
861 <varlistentry id="sort">
862 <term><command>sort</command></term>
863 <listitem>
864 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
865 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
866 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
867 </indexterm>
868 </listitem>
869 </varlistentry>
870
871 <varlistentry id="split">
872 <term><command>split</command></term>
873 <listitem>
874 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
875 lines</para>
876 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
877 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
878 </indexterm>
879 </listitem>
880 </varlistentry>
881
882 <varlistentry id="stat">
883 <term><command>stat</command></term>
884 <listitem>
885 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
886 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
887 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
888 </indexterm>
889 </listitem>
890 </varlistentry>
891
892 <varlistentry id="stty">
893 <term><command>stty</command></term>
894 <listitem>
895 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
896 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
897 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
898 </indexterm>
899 </listitem>
900 </varlistentry>
901
902 <varlistentry id="sum">
903 <term><command>sum</command></term>
904 <listitem>
905 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
906 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
907 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
908 </indexterm>
909 </listitem>
910 </varlistentry>
911
912 <varlistentry id="sync">
913 <term><command>sync</command></term>
914 <listitem>
915 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
916 and updates the super block</para>
917 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
918 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
919 </indexterm>
920 </listitem>
921 </varlistentry>
922
923 <varlistentry id="tac">
924 <term><command>tac</command></term>
925 <listitem>
926 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
927 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
928 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
929 </indexterm>
930 </listitem>
931 </varlistentry>
932
933 <varlistentry id="tail">
934 <term><command>tail</command></term>
935 <listitem>
936 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
937 given file</para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
939 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
944 <varlistentry id="tee">
945 <term><command>tee</command></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
948 and to the given files</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
950 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
955 <varlistentry id="test">
956 <term><command>test</command></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
960 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="touch">
966 <term><command>touch</command></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
969 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
970 are created with zero length</para>
971 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
972 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
973 </indexterm>
974 </listitem>
975 </varlistentry>
976
977 <varlistentry id="tr">
978 <term><command>tr</command></term>
979 <listitem>
980 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
981 standard input</para>
982 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
983 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
984 </indexterm>
985 </listitem>
986 </varlistentry>
987
988 <varlistentry id="true">
989 <term><command>true</command></term>
990 <listitem>
991 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
992 indicating success</para>
993 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
994 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
995 </indexterm>
996 </listitem>
997 </varlistentry>
998
999 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1000 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1001 <listitem>
1002 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1003 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1004 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1005 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1006 </indexterm>
1007 </listitem>
1008 </varlistentry>
1009
1010 <varlistentry id="tty">
1011 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1012 <listitem>
1013 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1014 input</para>
1015 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1016 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1017 </indexterm>
1018 </listitem>
1019 </varlistentry>
1020
1021 <varlistentry id="uname">
1022 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1023 <listitem>
1024 <para>Reports system information</para>
1025 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1026 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1027 </indexterm>
1028 </listitem>
1029 </varlistentry>
1030
1031 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1032 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1033 <listitem>
1034 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1035 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1036 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1037 </indexterm>
1038 </listitem>
1039 </varlistentry>
1040
1041 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1042 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1043 <listitem>
1044 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1045 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1046 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1047 </indexterm>
1048 </listitem>
1049 </varlistentry>
1050
1051 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1052 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1053 <listitem>
1054 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1055 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1056 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1057 </indexterm>
1058 </listitem>
1059 </varlistentry>
1060
1061 <varlistentry id="users">
1062 <term><command>users</command></term>
1063 <listitem>
1064 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1065 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1066 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1067 </indexterm>
1068 </listitem>
1069 </varlistentry>
1070
1071 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1072 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1073 <listitem>
1074 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1075 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1076 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1077 </indexterm>
1078 </listitem>
1079 </varlistentry>
1080
1081 <varlistentry id="wc">
1082 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1083 <listitem>
1084 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1085 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1086 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1087 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1088 </indexterm>
1089 </listitem>
1090 </varlistentry>
1091
1092 <varlistentry id="who">
1093 <term><command>who</command></term>
1094 <listitem>
1095 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1096 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1097 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1098 </indexterm>
1099 </listitem>
1100 </varlistentry>
1101
1102 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1103 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1104 <listitem>
1105 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1106 user ID</para>
1107 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1108 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1109 </indexterm>
1110 </listitem>
1111 </varlistentry>
1112
1113 <varlistentry id="yes">
1114 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1115 <listitem>
1116 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1117 killed</para>
1118 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1119 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1120 </indexterm>
1121 </listitem>
1122 </varlistentry>
1123
1124 </variablelist>
1125
1126 </sect2>
1127
1128</sect1>
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