source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 47f42fa

7.8-systemd 7.9-systemd
Last change on this file since 47f42fa was f30e3ce9, checked in by Krejzi <krejzi@…>, 9 years ago

Merged trunk.

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43<!--
44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
47-->
48
49 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
50 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
51 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.
52 Afterwards make sure the timestamp for <filename>Makefile.in</filename> is
53 later than all other files to prevent a <command>make</command>
54 error:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;
57touch Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
58
59 <note>
60 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
61 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
62 without this patch.</para>
63 </note>
64
65 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
66
67<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
68 --prefix=/usr \
69 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
70
71 <variablelist>
72 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
73
74 <varlistentry>
75 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
76 <listitem>
77 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
78 built as the root user.
79 </para>
80 </listitem>
81 </varlistentry>
82
83 <varlistentry>
84 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
85 <listitem>
86 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
87 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
88 </para>
89 </listitem>
90 </varlistentry>
91 </variablelist>
92
93 <para>Compile the package:</para>
94
95<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
96
97 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
98 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
99
100 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
101 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
102
103<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
104
105 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
106 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
107 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
108 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
109 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
110
111<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
112
113 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
114 run the tests:</para>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
117
118 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
119 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
120
121<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
122 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
123
124 <para>The stty-pairs test is known to fail on a virtual console, but
125 passes if run in a X terminal.</para>
126
127 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
128
129<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
130
131 <para>Install the package:</para>
132
133<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
134
135 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
136
137<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
138mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
139mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
140mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
141mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
142sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
143
144 <para>Some packages in BLFS and beyond expect the following
145 programs in <filename class="directory">/bin</filename>, so
146 make sure they are placed there:</para>
147
148<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
149
150 </sect2>
151
152 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
153 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
154
155 <segmentedlist>
156 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
157 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
158 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
159
160 <seglistitem>
161 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
162 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
163 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
164 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
165 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
166 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
167 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
168 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
169 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
170 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
171 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
172 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
173 </seglistitem>
174 </segmentedlist>
175
176 <variablelist>
177 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
178 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
179 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
180
181 <varlistentry id="base64">
182 <term><command>base64</command></term>
183 <listitem>
184 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
185 specification</para>
186 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
187 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
188 </indexterm>
189 </listitem>
190 </varlistentry>
191
192 <varlistentry id="basename">
193 <term><command>basename</command></term>
194 <listitem>
195 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
196 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
197 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
198 </indexterm>
199 </listitem>
200 </varlistentry>
201
202 <varlistentry id="cat">
203 <term><command>cat</command></term>
204 <listitem>
205 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
206 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
207 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
208 </indexterm>
209 </listitem>
210 </varlistentry>
211
212 <varlistentry id="chcon">
213 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
214 <listitem>
215 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
217 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
222 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
223 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
227 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="chmod">
233 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
236 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
237 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
238 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
239 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
240 </indexterm>
241 </listitem>
242 </varlistentry>
243
244 <varlistentry id="chown">
245 <term><command>chown</command></term>
246 <listitem>
247 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
248 directories</para>
249 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
250 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
251 </indexterm>
252 </listitem>
253 </varlistentry>
254
255 <varlistentry id="chroot">
256 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
257 <listitem>
258 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
259 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
260 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
261 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
262 </indexterm>
263 </listitem>
264 </varlistentry>
265
266 <varlistentry id="cksum">
267 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
268 <listitem>
269 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
270 counts of each specified file</para>
271 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
272 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
273 </indexterm>
274 </listitem>
275 </varlistentry>
276
277 <varlistentry id="comm">
278 <term><command>comm</command></term>
279 <listitem>
280 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
281 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
283 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
284 </indexterm>
285 </listitem>
286 </varlistentry>
287
288 <varlistentry id="cp">
289 <term><command>cp</command></term>
290 <listitem>
291 <para>Copies files</para>
292 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
293 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
294 </indexterm>
295 </listitem>
296 </varlistentry>
297
298 <varlistentry id="csplit">
299 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
300 <listitem>
301 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
302 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
303 count of each new file</para>
304 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
305 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
306 </indexterm>
307 </listitem>
308 </varlistentry>
309
310 <varlistentry id="cut">
311 <term><command>cut</command></term>
312 <listitem>
313 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
314 fields or positions</para>
315 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
316 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
317 </indexterm>
318 </listitem>
319 </varlistentry>
320
321 <varlistentry id="date">
322 <term><command>date</command></term>
323 <listitem>
324 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
325 system date</para>
326 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
327 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
328 </indexterm>
329 </listitem>
330 </varlistentry>
331
332 <varlistentry id="dd">
333 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
334 <listitem>
335 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
336 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
337 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
338 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
339 </indexterm>
340 </listitem>
341 </varlistentry>
342
343 <varlistentry id="df">
344 <term><command>df</command></term>
345 <listitem>
346 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
347 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
348 files</para>
349 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
350 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
351 </indexterm>
352 </listitem>
353 </varlistentry>
354
355 <varlistentry id="dir">
356 <term><command>dir</command></term>
357 <listitem>
358 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
359 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
360 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
361 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
362 </indexterm>
363 </listitem>
364 </varlistentry>
365
366 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
367 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
368 <listitem>
369 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
370 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
371 <command>ls</command></para>
372 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
373 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
374 </indexterm>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377
378 <varlistentry id="dirname">
379 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
380 <listitem>
381 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
382 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
383 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
384 </indexterm>
385 </listitem>
386 </varlistentry>
387
388 <varlistentry id="du">
389 <term><command>du</command></term>
390 <listitem>
391 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
392 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
393 each of the given files</para>
394 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
395 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
396 </indexterm>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399
400 <varlistentry id="echo">
401 <term><command>echo</command></term>
402 <listitem>
403 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
405 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="env">
411 <term><command>env</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
414 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
415 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
416 </indexterm>
417 </listitem>
418 </varlistentry>
419
420 <varlistentry id="expand">
421 <term><command>expand</command></term>
422 <listitem>
423 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
424 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
425 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
426 </indexterm>
427 </listitem>
428 </varlistentry>
429
430 <varlistentry id="expr">
431 <term><command>expr</command></term>
432 <listitem>
433 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
434 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
435 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
436 </indexterm>
437 </listitem>
438 </varlistentry>
439
440 <varlistentry id="factor">
441 <term><command>factor</command></term>
442 <listitem>
443 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
444 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
445 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
446 </indexterm>
447 </listitem>
448 </varlistentry>
449
450 <varlistentry id="false">
451 <term><command>false</command></term>
452 <listitem>
453 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
454 indicating failure</para>
455 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
456 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
457 </indexterm>
458 </listitem>
459 </varlistentry>
460
461 <varlistentry id="fmt">
462 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
463 <listitem>
464 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
465 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
466 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
467 </indexterm>
468 </listitem>
469 </varlistentry>
470
471 <varlistentry id="fold">
472 <term><command>fold</command></term>
473 <listitem>
474 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
475 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
476 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
477 </indexterm>
478 </listitem>
479 </varlistentry>
480
481 <varlistentry id="groups">
482 <term><command>groups</command></term>
483 <listitem>
484 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
485 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
486 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
487 </indexterm>
488 </listitem>
489 </varlistentry>
490
491 <varlistentry id="head">
492 <term><command>head</command></term>
493 <listitem>
494 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
495 of each given file</para>
496 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
497 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
498 </indexterm>
499 </listitem>
500 </varlistentry>
501
502 <varlistentry id="hostid">
503 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
504 <listitem>
505 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
506 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
507 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
508 </indexterm>
509 </listitem>
510 </varlistentry>
511
512 <varlistentry id="id">
513 <term><command>id</command></term>
514 <listitem>
515 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
516 of the current user or specified user</para>
517 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
518 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
519 </indexterm>
520 </listitem>
521 </varlistentry>
522
523 <varlistentry id="install">
524 <term><command>install</command> </term>
525 <listitem>
526 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
527 possible, their owner and group</para>
528 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
529 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
530 </indexterm>
531 </listitem>
532 </varlistentry>
533
534 <varlistentry id="join">
535 <term><command>join</command></term>
536 <listitem>
537 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
538 separate files</para>
539 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
540 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
541 </indexterm>
542 </listitem>
543 </varlistentry>
544
545 <varlistentry id="link">
546 <term><command>link</command></term>
547 <listitem>
548 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
550 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="ln">
556 <term><command>ln</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
559 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
560 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
561 </indexterm>
562 </listitem>
563 </varlistentry>
564
565 <varlistentry id="logname">
566 <term><command>logname</command></term>
567 <listitem>
568 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
569 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
570 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
571 </indexterm>
572 </listitem>
573 </varlistentry>
574
575 <varlistentry id="ls">
576 <term><command>ls</command></term>
577 <listitem>
578 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
579 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
580 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
581 </indexterm>
582 </listitem>
583 </varlistentry>
584
585 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
586 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
587 <listitem>
588 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
589 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
590 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
591 </indexterm>
592 </listitem>
593 </varlistentry>
594
595 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
596 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
597 <listitem>
598 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
599 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
600 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
601 </indexterm>
602 </listitem>
603 </varlistentry>
604
605 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
606 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
607 <listitem>
608 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
609 pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
610 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
611 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
612 </indexterm>
613 </listitem>
614 </varlistentry>
615
616 <varlistentry id="mknod">
617 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
618 <listitem>
619 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
620 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
621 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
622 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
623 </indexterm>
624 </listitem>
625 </varlistentry>
626
627 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
628 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
629 <listitem>
630 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
631 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
632 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
633 </indexterm>
634 </listitem>
635 </varlistentry>
636
637 <varlistentry id="mv">
638 <term><command>mv</command></term>
639 <listitem>
640 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
641 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
642 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
643 </indexterm>
644 </listitem>
645 </varlistentry>
646
647 <varlistentry id="nice">
648 <term><command>nice</command></term>
649 <listitem>
650 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
651 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
652 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
653 </indexterm>
654 </listitem>
655 </varlistentry>
656
657 <varlistentry id="nl">
658 <term><command>nl</command></term>
659 <listitem>
660 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
661 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
662 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
663 </indexterm>
664 </listitem>
665 </varlistentry>
666
667 <varlistentry id="nohup">
668 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
669 <listitem>
670 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
671 a log file</para>
672 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
673 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
674 </indexterm>
675 </listitem>
676 </varlistentry>
677
678 <varlistentry id="nproc">
679 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
680 <listitem>
681 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
682 process</para>
683 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
684 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
685 </indexterm>
686 </listitem>
687 </varlistentry>
688
689 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
690 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
691 <listitem>
692 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
693 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
694 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
695 </indexterm>
696 </listitem>
697 </varlistentry>
698
699 <varlistentry id="od">
700 <term><command>od</command></term>
701 <listitem>
702 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
703 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
704 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
705 </indexterm>
706 </listitem>
707 </varlistentry>
708
709 <varlistentry id="paste">
710 <term><command>paste</command></term>
711 <listitem>
712 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
713 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
714 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
715 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
716 </indexterm>
717 </listitem>
718 </varlistentry>
719
720 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
721 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
722 <listitem>
723 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
724 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
725 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
726 </indexterm>
727 </listitem>
728 </varlistentry>
729
730 <varlistentry id="pinky">
731 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
732 <listitem>
733 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
734 about the given users</para>
735 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
736 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
737 </indexterm>
738 </listitem>
739 </varlistentry>
740
741 <varlistentry id="pr">
742 <term><command>pr</command></term>
743 <listitem>
744 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
745 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
746 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
747 </indexterm>
748 </listitem>
749 </varlistentry>
750
751 <varlistentry id="printenv">
752 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
753 <listitem>
754 <para>Prints the environment</para>
755 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
756 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
757 </indexterm>
758 </listitem>
759 </varlistentry>
760
761 <varlistentry id="printf">
762 <term><command>printf</command></term>
763 <listitem>
764 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
765 like the C printf function</para>
766 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
767 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
768 </indexterm>
769 </listitem>
770 </varlistentry>
771
772 <varlistentry id="ptx">
773 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
774 <listitem>
775 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
776 with each keyword in its context</para>
777 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
778 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
779 </indexterm>
780 </listitem>
781 </varlistentry>
782
783 <varlistentry id="pwd">
784 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
785 <listitem>
786 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
787 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
788 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
789 </indexterm>
790 </listitem>
791 </varlistentry>
792
793 <varlistentry id="readlink">
794 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
795 <listitem>
796 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
797 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
798 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
799 </indexterm>
800 </listitem>
801 </varlistentry>
802
803 <varlistentry id="realpath">
804 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
805 <listitem>
806 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
807 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
808 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
809 </indexterm>
810 </listitem>
811 </varlistentry>
812
813 <varlistentry id="rm">
814 <term><command>rm</command></term>
815 <listitem>
816 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
817 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
818 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
819 </indexterm>
820 </listitem>
821 </varlistentry>
822
823 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
824 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
825 <listitem>
826 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
827 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
828 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
829 </indexterm>
830 </listitem>
831 </varlistentry>
832
833 <varlistentry id="runcon">
834 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
835 <listitem>
836 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
837 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
838 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
839 </indexterm>
840 </listitem>
841 </varlistentry>
842
843 <varlistentry id="seq">
844 <term><command>seq</command></term>
845 <listitem>
846 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
847 given increment</para>
848 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
849 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
850 </indexterm>
851 </listitem>
852 </varlistentry>
853
854 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
855 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
856 <listitem>
857 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
858 checksums</para>
859 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
860 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
861 </indexterm>
862 </listitem>
863 </varlistentry>
864
865 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
866 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
867 <listitem>
868 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
869 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
870 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
871 </indexterm>
872 </listitem>
873 </varlistentry>
874
875 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
876 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
877 <listitem>
878 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
879 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
880 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
881 </indexterm>
882 </listitem>
883 </varlistentry>
884
885 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
886 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
887 <listitem>
888 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
889 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
890 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
891 </indexterm>
892 </listitem>
893 </varlistentry>
894
895 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
896 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
897 <listitem>
898 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
899 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
900 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
901 </indexterm>
902 </listitem>
903 </varlistentry>
904
905 <varlistentry id="shred">
906 <term><command>shred</command></term>
907 <listitem>
908 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
909 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
910 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
911 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
912 </indexterm>
913 </listitem>
914 </varlistentry>
915
916 <varlistentry id="shuf">
917 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
918 <listitem>
919 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
920 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
921 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
922 </indexterm>
923 </listitem>
924 </varlistentry>
925
926 <varlistentry id="sleep">
927 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
928 <listitem>
929 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
930 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
931 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
932 </indexterm>
933 </listitem>
934 </varlistentry>
935
936 <varlistentry id="sort">
937 <term><command>sort</command></term>
938 <listitem>
939 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
940 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
941 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
942 </indexterm>
943 </listitem>
944 </varlistentry>
945
946 <varlistentry id="split">
947 <term><command>split</command></term>
948 <listitem>
949 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
950 lines</para>
951 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
952 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
953 </indexterm>
954 </listitem>
955 </varlistentry>
956
957 <varlistentry id="stat">
958 <term><command>stat</command></term>
959 <listitem>
960 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
961 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
962 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
963 </indexterm>
964 </listitem>
965 </varlistentry>
966
967 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
968 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
969 <listitem>
970 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
971 streams</para>
972 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
973 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
974 </indexterm>
975 </listitem>
976 </varlistentry>
977
978 <varlistentry id="stty">
979 <term><command>stty</command></term>
980 <listitem>
981 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
982 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
983 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
984 </indexterm>
985 </listitem>
986 </varlistentry>
987
988 <varlistentry id="sum">
989 <term><command>sum</command></term>
990 <listitem>
991 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
992 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
993 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
994 </indexterm>
995 </listitem>
996 </varlistentry>
997
998 <varlistentry id="sync">
999 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1000 <listitem>
1001 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1002 and updates the super block</para>
1003 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1004 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1005 </indexterm>
1006 </listitem>
1007 </varlistentry>
1008
1009 <varlistentry id="tac">
1010 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1011 <listitem>
1012 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1013 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1014 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1015 </indexterm>
1016 </listitem>
1017 </varlistentry>
1018
1019 <varlistentry id="tail">
1020 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1021 <listitem>
1022 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1023 given file</para>
1024 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1025 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1026 </indexterm>
1027 </listitem>
1028 </varlistentry>
1029
1030 <varlistentry id="tee">
1031 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1032 <listitem>
1033 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1034 and to the given files</para>
1035 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1036 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1037 </indexterm>
1038 </listitem>
1039 </varlistentry>
1040
1041 <varlistentry id="test">
1042 <term><command>test</command></term>
1043 <listitem>
1044 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1045 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1046 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1047 </indexterm>
1048 </listitem>
1049 </varlistentry>
1050
1051 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1052 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1053 <listitem>
1054 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1055 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1056 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1057 </indexterm>
1058 </listitem>
1059 </varlistentry>
1060
1061 <varlistentry id="touch">
1062 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1063 <listitem>
1064 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1065 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1066 are created with zero length</para>
1067 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1068 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1069 </indexterm>
1070 </listitem>
1071 </varlistentry>
1072
1073 <varlistentry id="tr">
1074 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1075 <listitem>
1076 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1077 standard input</para>
1078 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1079 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1080 </indexterm>
1081 </listitem>
1082 </varlistentry>
1083
1084 <varlistentry id="true">
1085 <term><command>true</command></term>
1086 <listitem>
1087 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1088 indicating success</para>
1089 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1090 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1091 </indexterm>
1092 </listitem>
1093 </varlistentry>
1094
1095 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1096 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1097 <listitem>
1098 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1099 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1100 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1101 </indexterm>
1102 </listitem>
1103 </varlistentry>
1104
1105 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1106 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1107 <listitem>
1108 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1109 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1110 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1111 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1112 </indexterm>
1113 </listitem>
1114 </varlistentry>
1115
1116 <varlistentry id="tty">
1117 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1118 <listitem>
1119 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1120 input</para>
1121 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1122 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1123 </indexterm>
1124 </listitem>
1125 </varlistentry>
1126
1127 <varlistentry id="uname">
1128 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1129 <listitem>
1130 <para>Reports system information</para>
1131 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1132 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1133 </indexterm>
1134 </listitem>
1135 </varlistentry>
1136
1137 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1138 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1139 <listitem>
1140 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1141 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1142 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1143 </indexterm>
1144 </listitem>
1145 </varlistentry>
1146
1147 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1148 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1149 <listitem>
1150 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1151 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1152 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1153 </indexterm>
1154 </listitem>
1155 </varlistentry>
1156
1157 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1158 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1159 <listitem>
1160 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1162 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1163 </indexterm>
1164 </listitem>
1165 </varlistentry>
1166
1167 <varlistentry id="users">
1168 <term><command>users</command></term>
1169 <listitem>
1170 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1172 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1173 </indexterm>
1174 </listitem>
1175 </varlistentry>
1176
1177 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1178 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1179 <listitem>
1180 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1181 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1182 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1183 </indexterm>
1184 </listitem>
1185 </varlistentry>
1186
1187 <varlistentry id="wc">
1188 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1189 <listitem>
1190 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1191 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1193 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1194 </indexterm>
1195 </listitem>
1196 </varlistentry>
1197
1198 <varlistentry id="who">
1199 <term><command>who</command></term>
1200 <listitem>
1201 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1202 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1203 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1204 </indexterm>
1205 </listitem>
1206 </varlistentry>
1207
1208 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1209 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1210 <listitem>
1211 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1212 user ID</para>
1213 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1214 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1215 </indexterm>
1216 </listitem>
1217 </varlistentry>
1218
1219 <varlistentry id="yes">
1220 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1221 <listitem>
1222 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1223 killed</para>
1224 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1225 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1226 </indexterm>
1227 </listitem>
1228 </varlistentry>
1229
1230 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1231 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1232 <listitem>
1233 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1234 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1235 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1236 </indexterm>
1237 </listitem>
1238 </varlistentry>
1239
1240 </variablelist>
1241
1242 </sect2>
1243
1244</sect1>
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