source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 4c0c012

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Last change on this file since 4c0c012 was 4c0c012, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 15 years ago

Reformatted several pages so pdf is properly generated.

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
45 this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
46 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
47 fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
48
49<screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
50 i?86 | x86_64) patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch; ;;
51esac</userinput></screen>
52
53 <para>There's an internal issue with Coreutils which makes some of the
54 programs behave abnormally if you build using an older kernel. Apply a
55 patch to fix the issue:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-old-kernel-patch;</userinput></screen>
58
59 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
60 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
61 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
62
63<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
64
65 <note>
66 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
67 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
68 without this patch.</para>
69 </note>
70
71 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
72
73<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-install-program=hostname \
74 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
75
76 <variablelist>
77 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
78
79 <varlistentry>
80 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
81 <listitem>
82 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
83 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
84 </para>
85 </listitem>
86 </varlistentry>
87 </variablelist>
88
89 <para>Compile the package:</para>
90
91<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
92
93 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
94 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
95
96 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
97 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
98
99<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
100
101 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
102 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
103 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
104 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
105 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
106
107<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
108
109 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
110 run the tests:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody config.log {gnulib-tests,lib,src}/.deps</userinput></screen>
113
114 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="test">su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
117
118 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
119
120<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
121
122 <para>Install the package:</para>
123
124<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
125
126 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
127
128<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
129mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin
130mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
131mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
132
133 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
134 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
135 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
136 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
137 need to be on the root partition:</para>
138
139<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
140
141 </sect2>
142
143
144 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
145 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
146
147 <segmentedlist>
148 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
149
150 <seglistitem>
151 <seg>base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm,
152 cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env,
153 expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid, hostname,
154 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
155 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf,
156 ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum,
157 sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum,
158 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname,
159 unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
160 </seglistitem>
161 </segmentedlist>
162
163 <variablelist>
164 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
165 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
166 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
167
168 <varlistentry id="base64">
169 <term><command>base64</command></term>
170 <listitem>
171 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
172 specification</para>
173 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
174 <primary sortas="b-base64">basename</primary>
175 </indexterm>
176 </listitem>
177 </varlistentry>
178
179 <varlistentry id="basename">
180 <term><command>basename</command></term>
181 <listitem>
182 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
183 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
184 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
185 </indexterm>
186 </listitem>
187 </varlistentry>
188
189 <varlistentry id="cat">
190 <term><command>cat</command></term>
191 <listitem>
192 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
193 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
194 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
195 </indexterm>
196 </listitem>
197 </varlistentry>
198
199 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
200 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
201 <listitem>
202 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
203 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
204 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
205 </indexterm>
206 </listitem>
207 </varlistentry>
208
209 <varlistentry id="chmod">
210 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
211 <listitem>
212 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
213 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
214 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
215 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
216 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
217 </indexterm>
218 </listitem>
219 </varlistentry>
220
221 <varlistentry id="chown">
222 <term><command>chown</command></term>
223 <listitem>
224 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
225 directories</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
227 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="chroot">
233 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
236 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
237 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
238 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
239 </indexterm>
240 </listitem>
241 </varlistentry>
242
243 <varlistentry id="cksum">
244 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
245 <listitem>
246 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
247 counts of each specified file</para>
248 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
249 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
250 </indexterm>
251 </listitem>
252 </varlistentry>
253
254 <varlistentry id="comm">
255 <term><command>comm</command></term>
256 <listitem>
257 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
258 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
259 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
260 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
261 </indexterm>
262 </listitem>
263 </varlistentry>
264
265 <varlistentry id="cp">
266 <term><command>cp</command></term>
267 <listitem>
268 <para>Copies files</para>
269 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
270 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
271 </indexterm>
272 </listitem>
273 </varlistentry>
274
275 <varlistentry id="csplit">
276 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
277 <listitem>
278 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
279 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
280 count of each new file</para>
281 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
282 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
283 </indexterm>
284 </listitem>
285 </varlistentry>
286
287 <varlistentry id="cut">
288 <term><command>cut</command></term>
289 <listitem>
290 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
291 fields or positions</para>
292 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
293 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
294 </indexterm>
295 </listitem>
296 </varlistentry>
297
298 <varlistentry id="date">
299 <term><command>date</command></term>
300 <listitem>
301 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
302 system date</para>
303 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
304 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
305 </indexterm>
306 </listitem>
307 </varlistentry>
308
309 <varlistentry id="dd">
310 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
311 <listitem>
312 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
313 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
314 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
315 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
316 </indexterm>
317 </listitem>
318 </varlistentry>
319
320 <varlistentry id="df">
321 <term><command>df</command></term>
322 <listitem>
323 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
324 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
325 files</para>
326 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
327 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
328 </indexterm>
329 </listitem>
330 </varlistentry>
331
332 <varlistentry id="dir">
333 <term><command>dir</command></term>
334 <listitem>
335 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
336 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
337 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
338 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
339 </indexterm>
340 </listitem>
341 </varlistentry>
342
343 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
344 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
345 <listitem>
346 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
347 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
348 <command>ls</command></para>
349 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
350 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
351 </indexterm>
352 </listitem>
353 </varlistentry>
354
355 <varlistentry id="dirname">
356 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
357 <listitem>
358 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
359 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
360 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
361 </indexterm>
362 </listitem>
363 </varlistentry>
364
365 <varlistentry id="du">
366 <term><command>du</command></term>
367 <listitem>
368 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
369 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
370 each of the given files</para>
371 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
372 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
373 </indexterm>
374 </listitem>
375 </varlistentry>
376
377 <varlistentry id="echo">
378 <term><command>echo</command></term>
379 <listitem>
380 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
381 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
382 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
383 </indexterm>
384 </listitem>
385 </varlistentry>
386
387 <varlistentry id="env">
388 <term><command>env</command></term>
389 <listitem>
390 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
391 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
392 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
393 </indexterm>
394 </listitem>
395 </varlistentry>
396
397 <varlistentry id="expand">
398 <term><command>expand</command></term>
399 <listitem>
400 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
401 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
402 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
403 </indexterm>
404 </listitem>
405 </varlistentry>
406
407 <varlistentry id="expr">
408 <term><command>expr</command></term>
409 <listitem>
410 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
411 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
412 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
413 </indexterm>
414 </listitem>
415 </varlistentry>
416
417 <varlistentry id="factor">
418 <term><command>factor</command></term>
419 <listitem>
420 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
421 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
422 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
423 </indexterm>
424 </listitem>
425 </varlistentry>
426
427 <varlistentry id="false">
428 <term><command>false</command></term>
429 <listitem>
430 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
431 indicating failure</para>
432 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
433 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
434 </indexterm>
435 </listitem>
436 </varlistentry>
437
438 <varlistentry id="fmt">
439 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
440 <listitem>
441 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
442 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
443 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
444 </indexterm>
445 </listitem>
446 </varlistentry>
447
448 <varlistentry id="fold">
449 <term><command>fold</command></term>
450 <listitem>
451 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
452 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
453 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
454 </indexterm>
455 </listitem>
456 </varlistentry>
457
458 <varlistentry id="groups">
459 <term><command>groups</command></term>
460 <listitem>
461 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
462 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
463 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
464 </indexterm>
465 </listitem>
466 </varlistentry>
467
468 <varlistentry id="head">
469 <term><command>head</command></term>
470 <listitem>
471 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
472 of each given file</para>
473 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
474 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
475 </indexterm>
476 </listitem>
477 </varlistentry>
478
479 <varlistentry id="hostid">
480 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
481 <listitem>
482 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
484 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="hostname">
490 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
493 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
494 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
495 </indexterm>
496 </listitem>
497 </varlistentry>
498
499 <varlistentry id="id">
500 <term><command>id</command></term>
501 <listitem>
502 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
503 of the current user or specified user</para>
504 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
505 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
506 </indexterm>
507 </listitem>
508 </varlistentry>
509
510 <varlistentry id="install">
511 <term><command>install</command> </term>
512 <listitem>
513 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
514 possible, their owner and group</para>
515 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
516 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
517 </indexterm>
518 </listitem>
519 </varlistentry>
520
521 <varlistentry id="join">
522 <term><command>join</command></term>
523 <listitem>
524 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
525 separate files</para>
526 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
527 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
528 </indexterm>
529 </listitem>
530 </varlistentry>
531
532 <varlistentry id="link">
533 <term><command>link</command></term>
534 <listitem>
535 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
536 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
537 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
538 </indexterm>
539 </listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry id="ln">
543 <term><command>ln</command></term>
544 <listitem>
545 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
546 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
547 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
548 </indexterm>
549 </listitem>
550 </varlistentry>
551
552 <varlistentry id="logname">
553 <term><command>logname</command></term>
554 <listitem>
555 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
556 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
557 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
558 </indexterm>
559 </listitem>
560 </varlistentry>
561
562 <varlistentry id="ls">
563 <term><command>ls</command></term>
564 <listitem>
565 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
566 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
567 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
568 </indexterm>
569 </listitem>
570 </varlistentry>
571
572 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
573 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
574 <listitem>
575 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
576 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
577 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
578 </indexterm>
579 </listitem>
580 </varlistentry>
581
582 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
583 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
584 <listitem>
585 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
586 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
587 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
588 </indexterm>
589 </listitem>
590 </varlistentry>
591
592 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
593 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
594 <listitem>
595 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
596 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
597 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
598 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
599 </indexterm>
600 </listitem>
601 </varlistentry>
602
603 <varlistentry id="mknod">
604 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
605 <listitem>
606 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
607 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
608 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
609 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
610 </indexterm>
611 </listitem>
612 </varlistentry>
613
614 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
615 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
616 <listitem>
617 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
618 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
619 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
620 </indexterm>
621 </listitem>
622 </varlistentry>
623
624 <varlistentry id="mv">
625 <term><command>mv</command></term>
626 <listitem>
627 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
628 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
629 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
630 </indexterm>
631 </listitem>
632 </varlistentry>
633
634 <varlistentry id="nice">
635 <term><command>nice</command></term>
636 <listitem>
637 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
638 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
639 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
640 </indexterm>
641 </listitem>
642 </varlistentry>
643
644 <varlistentry id="nl">
645 <term><command>nl</command></term>
646 <listitem>
647 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
648 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
649 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
650 </indexterm>
651 </listitem>
652 </varlistentry>
653
654 <varlistentry id="nohup">
655 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
656 <listitem>
657 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
658 a log file</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
660 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="od">
666 <term><command>od</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
669 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
670 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
671 </indexterm>
672 </listitem>
673 </varlistentry>
674
675 <varlistentry id="paste">
676 <term><command>paste</command></term>
677 <listitem>
678 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
679 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
681 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
687 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
690 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
691 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
692 </indexterm>
693 </listitem>
694 </varlistentry>
695
696 <varlistentry id="pinky">
697 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
698 <listitem>
699 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
700 about the given users</para>
701 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
702 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
703 </indexterm>
704 </listitem>
705 </varlistentry>
706
707 <varlistentry id="pr">
708 <term><command>pr</command></term>
709 <listitem>
710 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
711 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
712 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
713 </indexterm>
714 </listitem>
715 </varlistentry>
716
717 <varlistentry id="printenv">
718 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
719 <listitem>
720 <para>Prints the environment</para>
721 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
722 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
723 </indexterm>
724 </listitem>
725 </varlistentry>
726
727 <varlistentry id="printf">
728 <term><command>printf</command></term>
729 <listitem>
730 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
731 like the C printf function</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
733 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="ptx">
739 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
742 with each keyword in its context</para>
743 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
744 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
745 </indexterm>
746 </listitem>
747 </varlistentry>
748
749 <varlistentry id="pwd">
750 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
751 <listitem>
752 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
753 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
754 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
755 </indexterm>
756 </listitem>
757 </varlistentry>
758
759 <varlistentry id="readlink">
760 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
761 <listitem>
762 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
763 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
764 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
765 </indexterm>
766 </listitem>
767 </varlistentry>
768
769 <varlistentry id="rm">
770 <term><command>rm</command></term>
771 <listitem>
772 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
773 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
774 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
775 </indexterm>
776 </listitem>
777 </varlistentry>
778
779 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
780 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
781 <listitem>
782 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
783 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
784 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
785 </indexterm>
786 </listitem>
787 </varlistentry>
788
789 <varlistentry id="seq">
790 <term><command>seq</command></term>
791 <listitem>
792 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
793 given increment</para>
794 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
795 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
796 </indexterm>
797 </listitem>
798 </varlistentry>
799
800 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
801 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
802 <listitem>
803 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
804 checksums</para>
805 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
806 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
807 </indexterm>
808 </listitem>
809 </varlistentry>
810
811 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
812 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
813 <listitem>
814 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
815 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
816 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
817 </indexterm>
818 </listitem>
819 </varlistentry>
820
821 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
822 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
823 <listitem>
824 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
825 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
826 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
827 </indexterm>
828 </listitem>
829 </varlistentry>
830
831 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
832 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
833 <listitem>
834 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
835 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
836 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
837 </indexterm>
838 </listitem>
839 </varlistentry>
840
841 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
842 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
843 <listitem>
844 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
845 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
846 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
847 </indexterm>
848 </listitem>
849 </varlistentry>
850
851 <varlistentry id="shred">
852 <term><command>shred</command></term>
853 <listitem>
854 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
855 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
856 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
857 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
858 </indexterm>
859 </listitem>
860 </varlistentry>
861
862 <varlistentry id="shuf">
863 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
864 <listitem>
865 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
866 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
867 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
868 </indexterm>
869 </listitem>
870 </varlistentry>
871
872 <varlistentry id="sleep">
873 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
874 <listitem>
875 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
876 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
877 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
878 </indexterm>
879 </listitem>
880 </varlistentry>
881
882 <varlistentry id="sort">
883 <term><command>sort</command></term>
884 <listitem>
885 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
886 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
887 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
888 </indexterm>
889 </listitem>
890 </varlistentry>
891
892 <varlistentry id="split">
893 <term><command>split</command></term>
894 <listitem>
895 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
896 lines</para>
897 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
898 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
899 </indexterm>
900 </listitem>
901 </varlistentry>
902
903 <varlistentry id="stat">
904 <term><command>stat</command></term>
905 <listitem>
906 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
907 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
908 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
909 </indexterm>
910 </listitem>
911 </varlistentry>
912
913 <varlistentry id="stty">
914 <term><command>stty</command></term>
915 <listitem>
916 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
917 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
918 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
919 </indexterm>
920 </listitem>
921 </varlistentry>
922
923 <varlistentry id="sum">
924 <term><command>sum</command></term>
925 <listitem>
926 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
927 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
928 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
929 </indexterm>
930 </listitem>
931 </varlistentry>
932
933 <varlistentry id="sync">
934 <term><command>sync</command></term>
935 <listitem>
936 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
937 and updates the super block</para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
939 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
944 <varlistentry id="tac">
945 <term><command>tac</command></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
948 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
949 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
950 </indexterm>
951 </listitem>
952 </varlistentry>
953
954 <varlistentry id="tail">
955 <term><command>tail</command></term>
956 <listitem>
957 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
958 given file</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
960 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="tee">
966 <term><command>tee</command></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
969 and to the given files</para>
970 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
971 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
972 </indexterm>
973 </listitem>
974 </varlistentry>
975
976 <varlistentry id="test">
977 <term><command>test</command></term>
978 <listitem>
979 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
980 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
981 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
982 </indexterm>
983 </listitem>
984 </varlistentry>
985
986 <varlistentry id="touch">
987 <term><command>touch</command></term>
988 <listitem>
989 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
990 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
991 are created with zero length</para>
992 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
993 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
994 </indexterm>
995 </listitem>
996 </varlistentry>
997
998 <varlistentry id="tr">
999 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1000 <listitem>
1001 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1002 standard input</para>
1003 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1004 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1005 </indexterm>
1006 </listitem>
1007 </varlistentry>
1008
1009 <varlistentry id="true">
1010 <term><command>true</command></term>
1011 <listitem>
1012 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1013 indicating success</para>
1014 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1015 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1016 </indexterm>
1017 </listitem>
1018 </varlistentry>
1019
1020 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1021 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1022 <listitem>
1023 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1024 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1025 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1026 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1027 </indexterm>
1028 </listitem>
1029 </varlistentry>
1030
1031 <varlistentry id="tty">
1032 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1033 <listitem>
1034 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1035 input</para>
1036 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1037 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1038 </indexterm>
1039 </listitem>
1040 </varlistentry>
1041
1042 <varlistentry id="uname">
1043 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1044 <listitem>
1045 <para>Reports system information</para>
1046 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1047 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1048 </indexterm>
1049 </listitem>
1050 </varlistentry>
1051
1052 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1053 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1054 <listitem>
1055 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1056 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1057 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1058 </indexterm>
1059 </listitem>
1060 </varlistentry>
1061
1062 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1063 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1064 <listitem>
1065 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1066 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1067 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1068 </indexterm>
1069 </listitem>
1070 </varlistentry>
1071
1072 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1073 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1074 <listitem>
1075 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1076 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1077 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1078 </indexterm>
1079 </listitem>
1080 </varlistentry>
1081
1082 <varlistentry id="users">
1083 <term><command>users</command></term>
1084 <listitem>
1085 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1086 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1087 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1088 </indexterm>
1089 </listitem>
1090 </varlistentry>
1091
1092 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1093 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1094 <listitem>
1095 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1096 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1097 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1098 </indexterm>
1099 </listitem>
1100 </varlistentry>
1101
1102 <varlistentry id="wc">
1103 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1104 <listitem>
1105 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1106 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1107 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1108 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1109 </indexterm>
1110 </listitem>
1111 </varlistentry>
1112
1113 <varlistentry id="who">
1114 <term><command>who</command></term>
1115 <listitem>
1116 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1117 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1118 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1119 </indexterm>
1120 </listitem>
1121 </varlistentry>
1122
1123 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1124 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1125 <listitem>
1126 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1127 user ID</para>
1128 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1129 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1130 </indexterm>
1131 </listitem>
1132 </varlistentry>
1133
1134 <varlistentry id="yes">
1135 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1136 <listitem>
1137 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1138 killed</para>
1139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1140 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1141 </indexterm>
1142 </listitem>
1143 </varlistentry>
1144
1145 </variablelist>
1146
1147 </sect2>
1148
1149</sect1>
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