source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 4f56afa3

Last change on this file since 4f56afa3 was 4f56afa3, checked in by Jeremy Huntwork <jhuntwork@…>, 17 years ago

Fix Coreutils-6.9 and Gzip-1.3.12 to work with Glibc-2.6.1: Rename the futimens function.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/jh/BOOK@8289 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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File size: 38.4 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 <segmentedlist>
24 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
25 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
26
27 <seglistitem>
28 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
29 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
30 </seglistitem>
31 </segmentedlist>
32
33 </sect2>
34
35 <sect2 role="installation">
36 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
37
38 <para>The version of the function <quote>futimens</quote> used
39 by Coreutils is incompatible with the version that current
40 Glibc provides, so we'll rename the function:</para>
41
42<screen><userinput>for file in src/{copy,touch}.c lib/utimens.{c,h} ; do \
43 cp -v $file{,.orig}
44 sed 's/futimens/gl_&amp;/' $file.orig &gt; $file
45done</userinput></screen>
46
47 <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
48 this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
49 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
50 fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
51
52<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
53
54 <para>Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be installed by
55 other packages later:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
58
59 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
60 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
61 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
62
63<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
64
65 <para>In order for the tests added by this patch to pass, the permissions for
66 the test file have to be changed:</para>
67
68<screen><userinput>chmod +x tests/sort/sort-mb-tests</userinput></screen>
69
70 <note>
71 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
72 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
73 without this patch.</para>
74 </note>
75
76 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
77
78<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
79
80 <para>Compile the package:</para>
81
82<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
83
84 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
85 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
86
87 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
88 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
89
90<screen><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
91
92 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
93 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
94 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
95 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
96 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
97
98<screen><userinput>echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
99
100 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
101
102<screen><userinput>su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
103
104 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
105
106<screen><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
107
108 <para>Install the package:</para>
109
110<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
111
112 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
113
114<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
115mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin
116mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
117mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
118
119 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
120 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
121 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
122 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
123 need to be on the root partition:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
126
127 </sect2>
128
129
130 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
131 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
132
133 <segmentedlist>
134 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
135
136 <seglistitem>
137 <seg>base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm,
138 cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env,
139 expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid, hostname,
140 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
141 mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf,
142 ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum,
143 sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum,
144 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname,
145 unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
146 </seglistitem>
147 </segmentedlist>
148
149 <variablelist>
150 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
151 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
152 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
153
154 <varlistentry id="base64">
155 <term><command>base64</command></term>
156 <listitem>
157 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
158 specification</para>
159 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
160 <primary sortas="b-base64">basename</primary>
161 </indexterm>
162 </listitem>
163 </varlistentry>
164
165 <varlistentry id="basename">
166 <term><command>basename</command></term>
167 <listitem>
168 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
169 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
170 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
171 </indexterm>
172 </listitem>
173 </varlistentry>
174
175 <varlistentry id="cat">
176 <term><command>cat</command></term>
177 <listitem>
178 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
179 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
180 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
181 </indexterm>
182 </listitem>
183 </varlistentry>
184
185 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
186 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
187 <listitem>
188 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
189 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
190 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
191 </indexterm>
192 </listitem>
193 </varlistentry>
194
195 <varlistentry id="chmod">
196 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
197 <listitem>
198 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
199 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
200 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
201 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
202 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
203 </indexterm>
204 </listitem>
205 </varlistentry>
206
207 <varlistentry id="chown">
208 <term><command>chown</command></term>
209 <listitem>
210 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
211 directories</para>
212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
213 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
214 </indexterm>
215 </listitem>
216 </varlistentry>
217
218 <varlistentry id="chroot">
219 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
220 <listitem>
221 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
222 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
223 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
224 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
225 </indexterm>
226 </listitem>
227 </varlistentry>
228
229 <varlistentry id="cksum">
230 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
231 <listitem>
232 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
233 counts of each specified file</para>
234 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
235 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
236 </indexterm>
237 </listitem>
238 </varlistentry>
239
240 <varlistentry id="comm">
241 <term><command>comm</command></term>
242 <listitem>
243 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
244 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
245 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
246 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
247 </indexterm>
248 </listitem>
249 </varlistentry>
250
251 <varlistentry id="cp">
252 <term><command>cp</command></term>
253 <listitem>
254 <para>Copies files</para>
255 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
256 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
257 </indexterm>
258 </listitem>
259 </varlistentry>
260
261 <varlistentry id="csplit">
262 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
263 <listitem>
264 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
265 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
266 count of each new file</para>
267 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
268 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
269 </indexterm>
270 </listitem>
271 </varlistentry>
272
273 <varlistentry id="cut">
274 <term><command>cut</command></term>
275 <listitem>
276 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
277 fields or positions</para>
278 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
279 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
280 </indexterm>
281 </listitem>
282 </varlistentry>
283
284 <varlistentry id="date">
285 <term><command>date</command></term>
286 <listitem>
287 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
288 system date</para>
289 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
290 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
291 </indexterm>
292 </listitem>
293 </varlistentry>
294
295 <varlistentry id="dd">
296 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
297 <listitem>
298 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
299 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
300 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
301 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
302 </indexterm>
303 </listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry id="df">
307 <term><command>df</command></term>
308 <listitem>
309 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
310 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
311 files</para>
312 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
313 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
314 </indexterm>
315 </listitem>
316 </varlistentry>
317
318 <varlistentry id="dir">
319 <term><command>dir</command></term>
320 <listitem>
321 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
322 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
323 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
324 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
325 </indexterm>
326 </listitem>
327 </varlistentry>
328
329 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
330 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
331 <listitem>
332 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
333 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
334 <command>ls</command></para>
335 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
336 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
337 </indexterm>
338 </listitem>
339 </varlistentry>
340
341 <varlistentry id="dirname">
342 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
343 <listitem>
344 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
345 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
346 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
347 </indexterm>
348 </listitem>
349 </varlistentry>
350
351 <varlistentry id="du">
352 <term><command>du</command></term>
353 <listitem>
354 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
355 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
356 each of the given files</para>
357 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
358 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
359 </indexterm>
360 </listitem>
361 </varlistentry>
362
363 <varlistentry id="echo">
364 <term><command>echo</command></term>
365 <listitem>
366 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
367 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
368 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
369 </indexterm>
370 </listitem>
371 </varlistentry>
372
373 <varlistentry id="env">
374 <term><command>env</command></term>
375 <listitem>
376 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
377 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
378 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
379 </indexterm>
380 </listitem>
381 </varlistentry>
382
383 <varlistentry id="expand">
384 <term><command>expand</command></term>
385 <listitem>
386 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
387 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
388 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
389 </indexterm>
390 </listitem>
391 </varlistentry>
392
393 <varlistentry id="expr">
394 <term><command>expr</command></term>
395 <listitem>
396 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
397 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
398 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
399 </indexterm>
400 </listitem>
401 </varlistentry>
402
403 <varlistentry id="factor">
404 <term><command>factor</command></term>
405 <listitem>
406 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
407 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
408 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
409 </indexterm>
410 </listitem>
411 </varlistentry>
412
413 <varlistentry id="false">
414 <term><command>false</command></term>
415 <listitem>
416 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
417 indicating failure</para>
418 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
419 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
420 </indexterm>
421 </listitem>
422 </varlistentry>
423
424 <varlistentry id="fmt">
425 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
426 <listitem>
427 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
428 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
429 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
430 </indexterm>
431 </listitem>
432 </varlistentry>
433
434 <varlistentry id="fold">
435 <term><command>fold</command></term>
436 <listitem>
437 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
438 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
439 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
440 </indexterm>
441 </listitem>
442 </varlistentry>
443
444 <varlistentry id="groups">
445 <term><command>groups</command></term>
446 <listitem>
447 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
448 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
449 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
450 </indexterm>
451 </listitem>
452 </varlistentry>
453
454 <varlistentry id="head">
455 <term><command>head</command></term>
456 <listitem>
457 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
458 of each given file</para>
459 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
460 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
461 </indexterm>
462 </listitem>
463 </varlistentry>
464
465 <varlistentry id="hostid">
466 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
467 <listitem>
468 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
469 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
470 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
471 </indexterm>
472 </listitem>
473 </varlistentry>
474
475 <varlistentry id="hostname">
476 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
477 <listitem>
478 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
479 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
480 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
481 </indexterm>
482 </listitem>
483 </varlistentry>
484
485 <varlistentry id="id">
486 <term><command>id</command></term>
487 <listitem>
488 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
489 of the current user or specified user</para>
490 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
491 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
492 </indexterm>
493 </listitem>
494 </varlistentry>
495
496 <varlistentry id="install">
497 <term><command>install</command> </term>
498 <listitem>
499 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
500 possible, their owner and group</para>
501 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
502 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
503 </indexterm>
504 </listitem>
505 </varlistentry>
506
507 <varlistentry id="join">
508 <term><command>join</command></term>
509 <listitem>
510 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
511 separate files</para>
512 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
513 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
514 </indexterm>
515 </listitem>
516 </varlistentry>
517
518 <varlistentry id="link">
519 <term><command>link</command></term>
520 <listitem>
521 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
522 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
523 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
524 </indexterm>
525 </listitem>
526 </varlistentry>
527
528 <varlistentry id="ln">
529 <term><command>ln</command></term>
530 <listitem>
531 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
532 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
533 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
534 </indexterm>
535 </listitem>
536 </varlistentry>
537
538 <varlistentry id="logname">
539 <term><command>logname</command></term>
540 <listitem>
541 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
542 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
543 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
544 </indexterm>
545 </listitem>
546 </varlistentry>
547
548 <varlistentry id="ls">
549 <term><command>ls</command></term>
550 <listitem>
551 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
552 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
553 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
554 </indexterm>
555 </listitem>
556 </varlistentry>
557
558 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
559 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
560 <listitem>
561 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
562 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
563 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
564 </indexterm>
565 </listitem>
566 </varlistentry>
567
568 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
569 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
570 <listitem>
571 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
572 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
573 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
574 </indexterm>
575 </listitem>
576 </varlistentry>
577
578 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
579 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
580 <listitem>
581 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
582 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
583 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
584 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
585 </indexterm>
586 </listitem>
587 </varlistentry>
588
589 <varlistentry id="mknod">
590 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
591 <listitem>
592 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
593 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
594 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
595 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
596 </indexterm>
597 </listitem>
598 </varlistentry>
599
600 <varlistentry id="mv">
601 <term><command>mv</command></term>
602 <listitem>
603 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
604 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
605 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
606 </indexterm>
607 </listitem>
608 </varlistentry>
609
610 <varlistentry id="nice">
611 <term><command>nice</command></term>
612 <listitem>
613 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
614 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
615 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
616 </indexterm>
617 </listitem>
618 </varlistentry>
619
620 <varlistentry id="nl">
621 <term><command>nl</command></term>
622 <listitem>
623 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
624 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
625 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
626 </indexterm>
627 </listitem>
628 </varlistentry>
629
630 <varlistentry id="nohup">
631 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
632 <listitem>
633 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
634 a log file</para>
635 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
636 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
637 </indexterm>
638 </listitem>
639 </varlistentry>
640
641 <varlistentry id="od">
642 <term><command>od</command></term>
643 <listitem>
644 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
645 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
646 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
647 </indexterm>
648 </listitem>
649 </varlistentry>
650
651 <varlistentry id="paste">
652 <term><command>paste</command></term>
653 <listitem>
654 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
655 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
656 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
657 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
658 </indexterm>
659 </listitem>
660 </varlistentry>
661
662 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
663 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
664 <listitem>
665 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
666 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
667 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
668 </indexterm>
669 </listitem>
670 </varlistentry>
671
672 <varlistentry id="pinky">
673 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
674 <listitem>
675 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
676 about the given users</para>
677 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
678 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
679 </indexterm>
680 </listitem>
681 </varlistentry>
682
683 <varlistentry id="pr">
684 <term><command>pr</command></term>
685 <listitem>
686 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
687 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
688 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
689 </indexterm>
690 </listitem>
691 </varlistentry>
692
693 <varlistentry id="printenv">
694 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
695 <listitem>
696 <para>Prints the environment</para>
697 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
698 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
699 </indexterm>
700 </listitem>
701 </varlistentry>
702
703 <varlistentry id="printf">
704 <term><command>printf</command></term>
705 <listitem>
706 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
707 like the C printf function</para>
708 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
709 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
710 </indexterm>
711 </listitem>
712 </varlistentry>
713
714 <varlistentry id="ptx">
715 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
716 <listitem>
717 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
718 with each keyword in its context</para>
719 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
720 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
721 </indexterm>
722 </listitem>
723 </varlistentry>
724
725 <varlistentry id="pwd">
726 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
727 <listitem>
728 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
729 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
730 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
731 </indexterm>
732 </listitem>
733 </varlistentry>
734
735 <varlistentry id="readlink">
736 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
737 <listitem>
738 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
739 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
740 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
741 </indexterm>
742 </listitem>
743 </varlistentry>
744
745 <varlistentry id="rm">
746 <term><command>rm</command></term>
747 <listitem>
748 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
749 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
750 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
751 </indexterm>
752 </listitem>
753 </varlistentry>
754
755 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
756 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
757 <listitem>
758 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
759 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
760 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
761 </indexterm>
762 </listitem>
763 </varlistentry>
764
765 <varlistentry id="seq">
766 <term><command>seq</command></term>
767 <listitem>
768 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
769 given increment</para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
771 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
777 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
780 checksums</para>
781 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
782 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
783 </indexterm>
784 </listitem>
785 </varlistentry>
786
787 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
788 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
789 <listitem>
790 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
791 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
792 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
793 </indexterm>
794 </listitem>
795 </varlistentry>
796
797 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
798 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
799 <listitem>
800 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
802 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
808 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
811 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
812 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
813 </indexterm>
814 </listitem>
815 </varlistentry>
816
817 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
818 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
819 <listitem>
820 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
821 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
822 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
823 </indexterm>
824 </listitem>
825 </varlistentry>
826
827 <varlistentry id="shred">
828 <term><command>shred</command></term>
829 <listitem>
830 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
831 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
832 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
833 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
834 </indexterm>
835 </listitem>
836 </varlistentry>
837
838 <varlistentry id="shuf">
839 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
840 <listitem>
841 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
842 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
843 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
844 </indexterm>
845 </listitem>
846 </varlistentry>
847
848 <varlistentry id="sleep">
849 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
850 <listitem>
851 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
852 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
853 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
854 </indexterm>
855 </listitem>
856 </varlistentry>
857
858 <varlistentry id="sort">
859 <term><command>sort</command></term>
860 <listitem>
861 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
862 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
863 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
864 </indexterm>
865 </listitem>
866 </varlistentry>
867
868 <varlistentry id="split">
869 <term><command>split</command></term>
870 <listitem>
871 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
872 lines</para>
873 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
874 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
875 </indexterm>
876 </listitem>
877 </varlistentry>
878
879 <varlistentry id="stat">
880 <term><command>stat</command></term>
881 <listitem>
882 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
883 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
884 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
885 </indexterm>
886 </listitem>
887 </varlistentry>
888
889 <varlistentry id="stty">
890 <term><command>stty</command></term>
891 <listitem>
892 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
893 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
894 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
895 </indexterm>
896 </listitem>
897 </varlistentry>
898
899 <varlistentry id="sum">
900 <term><command>sum</command></term>
901 <listitem>
902 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
903 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
904 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
905 </indexterm>
906 </listitem>
907 </varlistentry>
908
909 <varlistentry id="sync">
910 <term><command>sync</command></term>
911 <listitem>
912 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
913 and updates the super block</para>
914 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
915 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
916 </indexterm>
917 </listitem>
918 </varlistentry>
919
920 <varlistentry id="tac">
921 <term><command>tac</command></term>
922 <listitem>
923 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
924 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
925 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
926 </indexterm>
927 </listitem>
928 </varlistentry>
929
930 <varlistentry id="tail">
931 <term><command>tail</command></term>
932 <listitem>
933 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
934 given file</para>
935 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
936 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
937 </indexterm>
938 </listitem>
939 </varlistentry>
940
941 <varlistentry id="tee">
942 <term><command>tee</command></term>
943 <listitem>
944 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
945 and to the given files</para>
946 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
947 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
948 </indexterm>
949 </listitem>
950 </varlistentry>
951
952 <varlistentry id="test">
953 <term><command>test</command></term>
954 <listitem>
955 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
956 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
957 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
958 </indexterm>
959 </listitem>
960 </varlistentry>
961
962 <varlistentry id="touch">
963 <term><command>touch</command></term>
964 <listitem>
965 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
966 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
967 are created with zero length</para>
968 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
969 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
970 </indexterm>
971 </listitem>
972 </varlistentry>
973
974 <varlistentry id="tr">
975 <term><command>tr</command></term>
976 <listitem>
977 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
978 standard input</para>
979 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
980 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
981 </indexterm>
982 </listitem>
983 </varlistentry>
984
985 <varlistentry id="true">
986 <term><command>true</command></term>
987 <listitem>
988 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
989 indicating success</para>
990 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
991 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
992 </indexterm>
993 </listitem>
994 </varlistentry>
995
996 <varlistentry id="tsort">
997 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
998 <listitem>
999 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1000 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1001 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1002 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1003 </indexterm>
1004 </listitem>
1005 </varlistentry>
1006
1007 <varlistentry id="tty">
1008 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1009 <listitem>
1010 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1011 input</para>
1012 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1013 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1014 </indexterm>
1015 </listitem>
1016 </varlistentry>
1017
1018 <varlistentry id="uname">
1019 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1020 <listitem>
1021 <para>Reports system information</para>
1022 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1023 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1024 </indexterm>
1025 </listitem>
1026 </varlistentry>
1027
1028 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1029 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1030 <listitem>
1031 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1032 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1033 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1034 </indexterm>
1035 </listitem>
1036 </varlistentry>
1037
1038 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1039 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1040 <listitem>
1041 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1042 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1043 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1044 </indexterm>
1045 </listitem>
1046 </varlistentry>
1047
1048 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1049 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1050 <listitem>
1051 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1052 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1053 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1054 </indexterm>
1055 </listitem>
1056 </varlistentry>
1057
1058 <varlistentry id="users">
1059 <term><command>users</command></term>
1060 <listitem>
1061 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1062 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1063 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1064 </indexterm>
1065 </listitem>
1066 </varlistentry>
1067
1068 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1069 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1070 <listitem>
1071 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1072 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1073 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1074 </indexterm>
1075 </listitem>
1076 </varlistentry>
1077
1078 <varlistentry id="wc">
1079 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1080 <listitem>
1081 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1082 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1083 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1084 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1085 </indexterm>
1086 </listitem>
1087 </varlistentry>
1088
1089 <varlistentry id="who">
1090 <term><command>who</command></term>
1091 <listitem>
1092 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1093 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1094 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1095 </indexterm>
1096 </listitem>
1097 </varlistentry>
1098
1099 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1100 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1101 <listitem>
1102 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1103 user ID</para>
1104 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1105 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1106 </indexterm>
1107 </listitem>
1108 </varlistentry>
1109
1110 <varlistentry id="yes">
1111 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1112 <listitem>
1113 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1114 killed</para>
1115 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1116 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1117 </indexterm>
1118 </listitem>
1119 </varlistentry>
1120
1121 </variablelist>
1122
1123 </sect2>
1124
1125</sect1>
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