source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 523725c

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Last change on this file since 523725c was 523725c, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 10 years ago

Update to coreutils-8.23.
Add binutils patch to fix lto test suite.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10637 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43<!--
44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
47-->
48
49 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
50 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
51 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.
52 Afterwards make sure the timestamp for <filename>Makefile.in</filename> is
53 later than all other files to prevent a <command>make</command>
54 error:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch; &amp;&amp;
57touch Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
58
59 <note>
60 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
61 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
62 without this patch.</para>
63 </note>
64
65 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
66
67<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
68 --prefix=/usr \
69 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
70
71 <variablelist>
72 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
73
74 <varlistentry>
75 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
76 <listitem>
77 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
78 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
79 </para>
80 </listitem>
81 </varlistentry>
82 </variablelist>
83
84 <para>Compile the package:</para>
85
86<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
87
88 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
89 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
90
91 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
92 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
93
94<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
95
96 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
97 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
98 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
99 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
100 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
101
102<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
103
104 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
105 run the tests:</para>
106
107<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
108
109 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
110 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
113 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
114
115 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
116
117<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
118
119 <para>Install the package:</para>
120
121<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
122
123 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
126mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
127mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
128mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
129mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
130sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
131
132 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
133 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
134 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
135 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
136 need to be on the root partition:</para>
137
138<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
139
140 </sect2>
141
142 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
143 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
144
145 <segmentedlist>
146 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
147 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
148 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
149
150 <seglistitem>
151 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
152 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
153 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
154 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
155 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
156 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
157 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
158 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
159 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
160 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
161 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
162 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
163 </seglistitem>
164 </segmentedlist>
165
166 <variablelist>
167 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
168 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
169 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
170
171 <varlistentry id="base64">
172 <term><command>base64</command></term>
173 <listitem>
174 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
175 specification</para>
176 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
177 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
178 </indexterm>
179 </listitem>
180 </varlistentry>
181
182 <varlistentry id="basename">
183 <term><command>basename</command></term>
184 <listitem>
185 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
186 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
187 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
188 </indexterm>
189 </listitem>
190 </varlistentry>
191
192 <varlistentry id="cat">
193 <term><command>cat</command></term>
194 <listitem>
195 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
196 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
197 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
198 </indexterm>
199 </listitem>
200 </varlistentry>
201
202 <varlistentry id="chcon">
203 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
204 <listitem>
205 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
206 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
207 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
208 </indexterm>
209 </listitem>
210 </varlistentry>
211
212 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
213 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
214 <listitem>
215 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
217 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
222 <varlistentry id="chmod">
223 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
226 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
227 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
228 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
229 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
230 </indexterm>
231 </listitem>
232 </varlistentry>
233
234 <varlistentry id="chown">
235 <term><command>chown</command></term>
236 <listitem>
237 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
238 directories</para>
239 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
240 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
241 </indexterm>
242 </listitem>
243 </varlistentry>
244
245 <varlistentry id="chroot">
246 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
247 <listitem>
248 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
249 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
250 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
251 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
252 </indexterm>
253 </listitem>
254 </varlistentry>
255
256 <varlistentry id="cksum">
257 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
258 <listitem>
259 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
260 counts of each specified file</para>
261 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
262 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
263 </indexterm>
264 </listitem>
265 </varlistentry>
266
267 <varlistentry id="comm">
268 <term><command>comm</command></term>
269 <listitem>
270 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
271 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
272 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
273 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
274 </indexterm>
275 </listitem>
276 </varlistentry>
277
278 <varlistentry id="cp">
279 <term><command>cp</command></term>
280 <listitem>
281 <para>Copies files</para>
282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
283 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
284 </indexterm>
285 </listitem>
286 </varlistentry>
287
288 <varlistentry id="csplit">
289 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
290 <listitem>
291 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
292 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
293 count of each new file</para>
294 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
295 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
296 </indexterm>
297 </listitem>
298 </varlistentry>
299
300 <varlistentry id="cut">
301 <term><command>cut</command></term>
302 <listitem>
303 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
304 fields or positions</para>
305 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
306 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
307 </indexterm>
308 </listitem>
309 </varlistentry>
310
311 <varlistentry id="date">
312 <term><command>date</command></term>
313 <listitem>
314 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
315 system date</para>
316 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
317 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
318 </indexterm>
319 </listitem>
320 </varlistentry>
321
322 <varlistentry id="dd">
323 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
324 <listitem>
325 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
326 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
327 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
328 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
329 </indexterm>
330 </listitem>
331 </varlistentry>
332
333 <varlistentry id="df">
334 <term><command>df</command></term>
335 <listitem>
336 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
337 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
338 files</para>
339 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
340 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
341 </indexterm>
342 </listitem>
343 </varlistentry>
344
345 <varlistentry id="dir">
346 <term><command>dir</command></term>
347 <listitem>
348 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
349 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
350 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
351 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
352 </indexterm>
353 </listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
357 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
358 <listitem>
359 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
360 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
361 <command>ls</command></para>
362 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
363 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
364 </indexterm>
365 </listitem>
366 </varlistentry>
367
368 <varlistentry id="dirname">
369 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
370 <listitem>
371 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
372 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
373 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
374 </indexterm>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377
378 <varlistentry id="du">
379 <term><command>du</command></term>
380 <listitem>
381 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
382 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
383 each of the given files</para>
384 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
385 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
386 </indexterm>
387 </listitem>
388 </varlistentry>
389
390 <varlistentry id="echo">
391 <term><command>echo</command></term>
392 <listitem>
393 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
394 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
395 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
396 </indexterm>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399
400 <varlistentry id="env">
401 <term><command>env</command></term>
402 <listitem>
403 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
405 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="expand">
411 <term><command>expand</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
414 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
415 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
416 </indexterm>
417 </listitem>
418 </varlistentry>
419
420 <varlistentry id="expr">
421 <term><command>expr</command></term>
422 <listitem>
423 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
424 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
425 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
426 </indexterm>
427 </listitem>
428 </varlistentry>
429
430 <varlistentry id="factor">
431 <term><command>factor</command></term>
432 <listitem>
433 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
434 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
435 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
436 </indexterm>
437 </listitem>
438 </varlistentry>
439
440 <varlistentry id="false">
441 <term><command>false</command></term>
442 <listitem>
443 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
444 indicating failure</para>
445 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
446 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
447 </indexterm>
448 </listitem>
449 </varlistentry>
450
451 <varlistentry id="fmt">
452 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
453 <listitem>
454 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
455 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
456 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
457 </indexterm>
458 </listitem>
459 </varlistentry>
460
461 <varlistentry id="fold">
462 <term><command>fold</command></term>
463 <listitem>
464 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
465 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
466 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
467 </indexterm>
468 </listitem>
469 </varlistentry>
470
471 <varlistentry id="groups">
472 <term><command>groups</command></term>
473 <listitem>
474 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
475 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
476 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
477 </indexterm>
478 </listitem>
479 </varlistentry>
480
481 <varlistentry id="head">
482 <term><command>head</command></term>
483 <listitem>
484 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
485 of each given file</para>
486 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
487 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
488 </indexterm>
489 </listitem>
490 </varlistentry>
491
492 <varlistentry id="hostid">
493 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
494 <listitem>
495 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
496 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
497 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
498 </indexterm>
499 </listitem>
500 </varlistentry>
501
502 <varlistentry id="id">
503 <term><command>id</command></term>
504 <listitem>
505 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
506 of the current user or specified user</para>
507 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
508 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
509 </indexterm>
510 </listitem>
511 </varlistentry>
512
513 <varlistentry id="install">
514 <term><command>install</command> </term>
515 <listitem>
516 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
517 possible, their owner and group</para>
518 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
519 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
520 </indexterm>
521 </listitem>
522 </varlistentry>
523
524 <varlistentry id="join">
525 <term><command>join</command></term>
526 <listitem>
527 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
528 separate files</para>
529 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
530 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
531 </indexterm>
532 </listitem>
533 </varlistentry>
534
535 <varlistentry id="link">
536 <term><command>link</command></term>
537 <listitem>
538 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
539 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
540 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
541 </indexterm>
542 </listitem>
543 </varlistentry>
544
545 <varlistentry id="ln">
546 <term><command>ln</command></term>
547 <listitem>
548 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
550 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="logname">
556 <term><command>logname</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
559 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
560 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
561 </indexterm>
562 </listitem>
563 </varlistentry>
564
565 <varlistentry id="ls">
566 <term><command>ls</command></term>
567 <listitem>
568 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
569 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
570 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
571 </indexterm>
572 </listitem>
573 </varlistentry>
574
575 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
576 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
577 <listitem>
578 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
579 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
580 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
581 </indexterm>
582 </listitem>
583 </varlistentry>
584
585 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
586 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
587 <listitem>
588 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
589 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
590 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
591 </indexterm>
592 </listitem>
593 </varlistentry>
594
595 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
596 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
597 <listitem>
598 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
599 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
600 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
601 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
602 </indexterm>
603 </listitem>
604 </varlistentry>
605
606 <varlistentry id="mknod">
607 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
608 <listitem>
609 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
610 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
611 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
612 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
613 </indexterm>
614 </listitem>
615 </varlistentry>
616
617 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
618 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
619 <listitem>
620 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
621 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
622 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
623 </indexterm>
624 </listitem>
625 </varlistentry>
626
627 <varlistentry id="mv">
628 <term><command>mv</command></term>
629 <listitem>
630 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
631 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
632 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
633 </indexterm>
634 </listitem>
635 </varlistentry>
636
637 <varlistentry id="nice">
638 <term><command>nice</command></term>
639 <listitem>
640 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
641 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
642 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
643 </indexterm>
644 </listitem>
645 </varlistentry>
646
647 <varlistentry id="nl">
648 <term><command>nl</command></term>
649 <listitem>
650 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
651 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
652 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
653 </indexterm>
654 </listitem>
655 </varlistentry>
656
657 <varlistentry id="nohup">
658 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
659 <listitem>
660 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
661 a log file</para>
662 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
663 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
664 </indexterm>
665 </listitem>
666 </varlistentry>
667
668 <varlistentry id="nproc">
669 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
670 <listitem>
671 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
672 process</para>
673 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
674 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
675 </indexterm>
676 </listitem>
677 </varlistentry>
678
679 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
680 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
681 <listitem>
682 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
683 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
684 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
685 </indexterm>
686 </listitem>
687 </varlistentry>
688
689 <varlistentry id="od">
690 <term><command>od</command></term>
691 <listitem>
692 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
693 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
694 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
695 </indexterm>
696 </listitem>
697 </varlistentry>
698
699 <varlistentry id="paste">
700 <term><command>paste</command></term>
701 <listitem>
702 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
703 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
704 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
705 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
706 </indexterm>
707 </listitem>
708 </varlistentry>
709
710 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
711 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
712 <listitem>
713 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
714 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
715 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
716 </indexterm>
717 </listitem>
718 </varlistentry>
719
720 <varlistentry id="pinky">
721 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
722 <listitem>
723 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
724 about the given users</para>
725 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
726 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
727 </indexterm>
728 </listitem>
729 </varlistentry>
730
731 <varlistentry id="pr">
732 <term><command>pr</command></term>
733 <listitem>
734 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
735 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
736 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
737 </indexterm>
738 </listitem>
739 </varlistentry>
740
741 <varlistentry id="printenv">
742 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
743 <listitem>
744 <para>Prints the environment</para>
745 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
746 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
747 </indexterm>
748 </listitem>
749 </varlistentry>
750
751 <varlistentry id="printf">
752 <term><command>printf</command></term>
753 <listitem>
754 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
755 like the C printf function</para>
756 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
757 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
758 </indexterm>
759 </listitem>
760 </varlistentry>
761
762 <varlistentry id="ptx">
763 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
764 <listitem>
765 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
766 with each keyword in its context</para>
767 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
768 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
769 </indexterm>
770 </listitem>
771 </varlistentry>
772
773 <varlistentry id="pwd">
774 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
775 <listitem>
776 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
777 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
778 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
779 </indexterm>
780 </listitem>
781 </varlistentry>
782
783 <varlistentry id="readlink">
784 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
785 <listitem>
786 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
787 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
788 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
789 </indexterm>
790 </listitem>
791 </varlistentry>
792
793 <varlistentry id="realpath">
794 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
795 <listitem>
796 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
797 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
798 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
799 </indexterm>
800 </listitem>
801 </varlistentry>
802
803 <varlistentry id="rm">
804 <term><command>rm</command></term>
805 <listitem>
806 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
807 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
808 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
809 </indexterm>
810 </listitem>
811 </varlistentry>
812
813 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
814 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
815 <listitem>
816 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
817 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
818 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
819 </indexterm>
820 </listitem>
821 </varlistentry>
822
823 <varlistentry id="runcon">
824 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
825 <listitem>
826 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
827 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
828 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
829 </indexterm>
830 </listitem>
831 </varlistentry>
832
833 <varlistentry id="seq">
834 <term><command>seq</command></term>
835 <listitem>
836 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
837 given increment</para>
838 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
839 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
840 </indexterm>
841 </listitem>
842 </varlistentry>
843
844 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
845 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
846 <listitem>
847 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
848 checksums</para>
849 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
850 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
851 </indexterm>
852 </listitem>
853 </varlistentry>
854
855 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
856 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
857 <listitem>
858 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
859 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
860 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
861 </indexterm>
862 </listitem>
863 </varlistentry>
864
865 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
866 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
867 <listitem>
868 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
869 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
870 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
871 </indexterm>
872 </listitem>
873 </varlistentry>
874
875 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
876 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
877 <listitem>
878 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
879 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
880 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
881 </indexterm>
882 </listitem>
883 </varlistentry>
884
885 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
886 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
887 <listitem>
888 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
889 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
890 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
891 </indexterm>
892 </listitem>
893 </varlistentry>
894
895 <varlistentry id="shred">
896 <term><command>shred</command></term>
897 <listitem>
898 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
899 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
900 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
901 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
902 </indexterm>
903 </listitem>
904 </varlistentry>
905
906 <varlistentry id="shuf">
907 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
908 <listitem>
909 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
910 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
911 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
912 </indexterm>
913 </listitem>
914 </varlistentry>
915
916 <varlistentry id="sleep">
917 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
918 <listitem>
919 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
920 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
921 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
922 </indexterm>
923 </listitem>
924 </varlistentry>
925
926 <varlistentry id="sort">
927 <term><command>sort</command></term>
928 <listitem>
929 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
930 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
931 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
932 </indexterm>
933 </listitem>
934 </varlistentry>
935
936 <varlistentry id="split">
937 <term><command>split</command></term>
938 <listitem>
939 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
940 lines</para>
941 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
942 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
943 </indexterm>
944 </listitem>
945 </varlistentry>
946
947 <varlistentry id="stat">
948 <term><command>stat</command></term>
949 <listitem>
950 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
951 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
952 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
953 </indexterm>
954 </listitem>
955 </varlistentry>
956
957 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
958 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
959 <listitem>
960 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
961 streams</para>
962 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
963 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
964 </indexterm>
965 </listitem>
966 </varlistentry>
967
968 <varlistentry id="stty">
969 <term><command>stty</command></term>
970 <listitem>
971 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
972 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
973 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
974 </indexterm>
975 </listitem>
976 </varlistentry>
977
978 <varlistentry id="sum">
979 <term><command>sum</command></term>
980 <listitem>
981 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
982 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
983 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
984 </indexterm>
985 </listitem>
986 </varlistentry>
987
988 <varlistentry id="sync">
989 <term><command>sync</command></term>
990 <listitem>
991 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
992 and updates the super block</para>
993 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
994 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
995 </indexterm>
996 </listitem>
997 </varlistentry>
998
999 <varlistentry id="tac">
1000 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1001 <listitem>
1002 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1003 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1004 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1005 </indexterm>
1006 </listitem>
1007 </varlistentry>
1008
1009 <varlistentry id="tail">
1010 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1011 <listitem>
1012 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1013 given file</para>
1014 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1015 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1016 </indexterm>
1017 </listitem>
1018 </varlistentry>
1019
1020 <varlistentry id="tee">
1021 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1022 <listitem>
1023 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1024 and to the given files</para>
1025 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1026 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1027 </indexterm>
1028 </listitem>
1029 </varlistentry>
1030
1031 <varlistentry id="test">
1032 <term><command>test</command></term>
1033 <listitem>
1034 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1035 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1036 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1037 </indexterm>
1038 </listitem>
1039 </varlistentry>
1040
1041 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1042 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1043 <listitem>
1044 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1045 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1046 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1047 </indexterm>
1048 </listitem>
1049 </varlistentry>
1050
1051 <varlistentry id="touch">
1052 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1053 <listitem>
1054 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1055 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1056 are created with zero length</para>
1057 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1058 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1059 </indexterm>
1060 </listitem>
1061 </varlistentry>
1062
1063 <varlistentry id="tr">
1064 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1065 <listitem>
1066 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1067 standard input</para>
1068 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1069 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1070 </indexterm>
1071 </listitem>
1072 </varlistentry>
1073
1074 <varlistentry id="true">
1075 <term><command>true</command></term>
1076 <listitem>
1077 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1078 indicating success</para>
1079 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1080 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1081 </indexterm>
1082 </listitem>
1083 </varlistentry>
1084
1085 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1086 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1087 <listitem>
1088 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1089 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1090 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1091 </indexterm>
1092 </listitem>
1093 </varlistentry>
1094
1095 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1096 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1097 <listitem>
1098 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1099 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1100 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1101 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1102 </indexterm>
1103 </listitem>
1104 </varlistentry>
1105
1106 <varlistentry id="tty">
1107 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1108 <listitem>
1109 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1110 input</para>
1111 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1112 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1113 </indexterm>
1114 </listitem>
1115 </varlistentry>
1116
1117 <varlistentry id="uname">
1118 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1119 <listitem>
1120 <para>Reports system information</para>
1121 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1122 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1123 </indexterm>
1124 </listitem>
1125 </varlistentry>
1126
1127 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1128 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1129 <listitem>
1130 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1131 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1132 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1133 </indexterm>
1134 </listitem>
1135 </varlistentry>
1136
1137 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1138 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1139 <listitem>
1140 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1141 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1142 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1143 </indexterm>
1144 </listitem>
1145 </varlistentry>
1146
1147 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1148 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1149 <listitem>
1150 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1151 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1152 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1153 </indexterm>
1154 </listitem>
1155 </varlistentry>
1156
1157 <varlistentry id="users">
1158 <term><command>users</command></term>
1159 <listitem>
1160 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1162 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1163 </indexterm>
1164 </listitem>
1165 </varlistentry>
1166
1167 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1168 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1169 <listitem>
1170 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1172 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1173 </indexterm>
1174 </listitem>
1175 </varlistentry>
1176
1177 <varlistentry id="wc">
1178 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1179 <listitem>
1180 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1181 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1183 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1184 </indexterm>
1185 </listitem>
1186 </varlistentry>
1187
1188 <varlistentry id="who">
1189 <term><command>who</command></term>
1190 <listitem>
1191 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1193 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1194 </indexterm>
1195 </listitem>
1196 </varlistentry>
1197
1198 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1199 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1200 <listitem>
1201 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1202 user ID</para>
1203 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1204 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1205 </indexterm>
1206 </listitem>
1207 </varlistentry>
1208
1209 <varlistentry id="yes">
1210 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1211 <listitem>
1212 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1213 killed</para>
1214 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1215 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1216 </indexterm>
1217 </listitem>
1218 </varlistentry>
1219
1220 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1221 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
1222 <listitem>
1223 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1224 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1225 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
1226 </indexterm>
1227 </listitem>
1228 </varlistentry>
1229
1230 </variablelist>
1231
1232 </sect2>
1233
1234</sect1>
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