source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 5735d99

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Last change on this file since 5735d99 was 5735d99, checked in by Matthew Burgess <matthew@…>, 17 years ago

Move readlink to /bin so that Udev rules can use it before /usr is mounted. Fixes #1913.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@7919 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 38.2 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 <segmentedlist>
24 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
25 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
26
27 <seglistitem>
28 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
29 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
30 </seglistitem>
31 </segmentedlist>
32
33 </sect2>
34
35 <sect2 role="installation">
36 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
37
38 <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
39 this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
40 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
41 fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
42
43<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
44
45 <para>Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be installed by
46 other packages later:</para>
47
48<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
49
50 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
51 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
52 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
53
54<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
55
56 <para>In order for the tests added by this patch to pass, the permissions for
57 the test file have to be changed:</para>
58
59<screen><userinput>chmod +x tests/sort/sort-mb-tests</userinput></screen>
60
61 <note>
62 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
63 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
64 without this patch.</para>
65 </note>
66
67 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
68
69<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para>Compile the package:</para>
72
73<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
74
75 <para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
76 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
77 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
78 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
79 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
80
81 <para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user:</para>
82
83<screen><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
84echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
85echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
86
87 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
88 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
89
90<screen><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
91
92 <para>Then run the remainder of the tests as the
93 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
94
95<screen><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
96
97 <para>When testing is complete, remove the dummy user and groups:</para>
98
99<screen><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
100
101 <para>Install the package:</para>
102
103<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
104
105 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
106
107<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
108mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin
109mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
110mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
111
112 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
113 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
114 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
115 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
116 need to be on the root partition:</para>
117
118<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
119
120 </sect2>
121
122
123 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
124 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
125
126 <segmentedlist>
127 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
128
129 <seglistitem>
130 <seg>base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm,
131 cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env,
132 expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid, hostname,
133 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
134 mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf,
135 ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum,
136 sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum,
137 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname,
138 unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
139 </seglistitem>
140 </segmentedlist>
141
142 <variablelist>
143 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
144 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
145 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
146
147 <varlistentry id="base64">
148 <term><command>base64</command></term>
149 <listitem>
150 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
151 specification</para>
152 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
153 <primary sortas="b-base64">basename</primary>
154 </indexterm>
155 </listitem>
156 </varlistentry>
157
158 <varlistentry id="basename">
159 <term><command>basename</command></term>
160 <listitem>
161 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
162 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
163 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
164 </indexterm>
165 </listitem>
166 </varlistentry>
167
168 <varlistentry id="cat">
169 <term><command>cat</command></term>
170 <listitem>
171 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
172 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
173 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
174 </indexterm>
175 </listitem>
176 </varlistentry>
177
178 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
179 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
180 <listitem>
181 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
183 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
184 </indexterm>
185 </listitem>
186 </varlistentry>
187
188 <varlistentry id="chmod">
189 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
190 <listitem>
191 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
192 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
193 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
195 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
196 </indexterm>
197 </listitem>
198 </varlistentry>
199
200 <varlistentry id="chown">
201 <term><command>chown</command></term>
202 <listitem>
203 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
204 directories</para>
205 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
206 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
207 </indexterm>
208 </listitem>
209 </varlistentry>
210
211 <varlistentry id="chroot">
212 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
213 <listitem>
214 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
215 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
217 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
222 <varlistentry id="cksum">
223 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
226 counts of each specified file</para>
227 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
228 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
229 </indexterm>
230 </listitem>
231 </varlistentry>
232
233 <varlistentry id="comm">
234 <term><command>comm</command></term>
235 <listitem>
236 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
237 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
238 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
239 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
240 </indexterm>
241 </listitem>
242 </varlistentry>
243
244 <varlistentry id="cp">
245 <term><command>cp</command></term>
246 <listitem>
247 <para>Copies files</para>
248 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
249 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
250 </indexterm>
251 </listitem>
252 </varlistentry>
253
254 <varlistentry id="csplit">
255 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
256 <listitem>
257 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
258 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
259 count of each new file</para>
260 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
261 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
262 </indexterm>
263 </listitem>
264 </varlistentry>
265
266 <varlistentry id="cut">
267 <term><command>cut</command></term>
268 <listitem>
269 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
270 fields or positions</para>
271 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
272 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
273 </indexterm>
274 </listitem>
275 </varlistentry>
276
277 <varlistentry id="date">
278 <term><command>date</command></term>
279 <listitem>
280 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
281 system date</para>
282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
283 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
284 </indexterm>
285 </listitem>
286 </varlistentry>
287
288 <varlistentry id="dd">
289 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
290 <listitem>
291 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
292 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
293 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
294 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
295 </indexterm>
296 </listitem>
297 </varlistentry>
298
299 <varlistentry id="df">
300 <term><command>df</command></term>
301 <listitem>
302 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
303 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
304 files</para>
305 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
306 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
307 </indexterm>
308 </listitem>
309 </varlistentry>
310
311 <varlistentry id="dir">
312 <term><command>dir</command></term>
313 <listitem>
314 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
315 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
316 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
317 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
318 </indexterm>
319 </listitem>
320 </varlistentry>
321
322 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
323 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
324 <listitem>
325 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
326 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
327 <command>ls</command></para>
328 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
329 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
330 </indexterm>
331 </listitem>
332 </varlistentry>
333
334 <varlistentry id="dirname">
335 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
336 <listitem>
337 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
338 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
339 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
340 </indexterm>
341 </listitem>
342 </varlistentry>
343
344 <varlistentry id="du">
345 <term><command>du</command></term>
346 <listitem>
347 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
348 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
349 each of the given files</para>
350 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
351 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
352 </indexterm>
353 </listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry id="echo">
357 <term><command>echo</command></term>
358 <listitem>
359 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
360 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
361 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
362 </indexterm>
363 </listitem>
364 </varlistentry>
365
366 <varlistentry id="env">
367 <term><command>env</command></term>
368 <listitem>
369 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
370 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
371 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
372 </indexterm>
373 </listitem>
374 </varlistentry>
375
376 <varlistentry id="expand">
377 <term><command>expand</command></term>
378 <listitem>
379 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
380 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
381 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
382 </indexterm>
383 </listitem>
384 </varlistentry>
385
386 <varlistentry id="expr">
387 <term><command>expr</command></term>
388 <listitem>
389 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
390 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
391 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
392 </indexterm>
393 </listitem>
394 </varlistentry>
395
396 <varlistentry id="factor">
397 <term><command>factor</command></term>
398 <listitem>
399 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
400 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
401 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
402 </indexterm>
403 </listitem>
404 </varlistentry>
405
406 <varlistentry id="false">
407 <term><command>false</command></term>
408 <listitem>
409 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
410 indicating failure</para>
411 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
412 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
413 </indexterm>
414 </listitem>
415 </varlistentry>
416
417 <varlistentry id="fmt">
418 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
419 <listitem>
420 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
421 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
422 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
423 </indexterm>
424 </listitem>
425 </varlistentry>
426
427 <varlistentry id="fold">
428 <term><command>fold</command></term>
429 <listitem>
430 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
431 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
432 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
433 </indexterm>
434 </listitem>
435 </varlistentry>
436
437 <varlistentry id="groups">
438 <term><command>groups</command></term>
439 <listitem>
440 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
441 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
442 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
443 </indexterm>
444 </listitem>
445 </varlistentry>
446
447 <varlistentry id="head">
448 <term><command>head</command></term>
449 <listitem>
450 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
451 of each given file</para>
452 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
453 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
454 </indexterm>
455 </listitem>
456 </varlistentry>
457
458 <varlistentry id="hostid">
459 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
460 <listitem>
461 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
462 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
463 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
464 </indexterm>
465 </listitem>
466 </varlistentry>
467
468 <varlistentry id="hostname">
469 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
470 <listitem>
471 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
472 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
473 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
474 </indexterm>
475 </listitem>
476 </varlistentry>
477
478 <varlistentry id="id">
479 <term><command>id</command></term>
480 <listitem>
481 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
482 of the current user or specified user</para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
484 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="install">
490 <term><command>install</command> </term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
493 possible, their owner and group</para>
494 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
495 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
496 </indexterm>
497 </listitem>
498 </varlistentry>
499
500 <varlistentry id="join">
501 <term><command>join</command></term>
502 <listitem>
503 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
504 separate files</para>
505 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
506 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
507 </indexterm>
508 </listitem>
509 </varlistentry>
510
511 <varlistentry id="link">
512 <term><command>link</command></term>
513 <listitem>
514 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
515 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
516 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
517 </indexterm>
518 </listitem>
519 </varlistentry>
520
521 <varlistentry id="ln">
522 <term><command>ln</command></term>
523 <listitem>
524 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
525 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
526 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
527 </indexterm>
528 </listitem>
529 </varlistentry>
530
531 <varlistentry id="logname">
532 <term><command>logname</command></term>
533 <listitem>
534 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
535 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
536 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
537 </indexterm>
538 </listitem>
539 </varlistentry>
540
541 <varlistentry id="ls">
542 <term><command>ls</command></term>
543 <listitem>
544 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
545 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
546 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
547 </indexterm>
548 </listitem>
549 </varlistentry>
550
551 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
552 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
553 <listitem>
554 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
555 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
556 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
557 </indexterm>
558 </listitem>
559 </varlistentry>
560
561 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
562 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
563 <listitem>
564 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
565 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
566 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
567 </indexterm>
568 </listitem>
569 </varlistentry>
570
571 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
572 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
573 <listitem>
574 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
575 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
576 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
577 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
578 </indexterm>
579 </listitem>
580 </varlistentry>
581
582 <varlistentry id="mknod">
583 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
584 <listitem>
585 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
586 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
587 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
588 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
589 </indexterm>
590 </listitem>
591 </varlistentry>
592
593 <varlistentry id="mv">
594 <term><command>mv</command></term>
595 <listitem>
596 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
597 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
598 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
599 </indexterm>
600 </listitem>
601 </varlistentry>
602
603 <varlistentry id="nice">
604 <term><command>nice</command></term>
605 <listitem>
606 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
607 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
608 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
609 </indexterm>
610 </listitem>
611 </varlistentry>
612
613 <varlistentry id="nl">
614 <term><command>nl</command></term>
615 <listitem>
616 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
617 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
618 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
619 </indexterm>
620 </listitem>
621 </varlistentry>
622
623 <varlistentry id="nohup">
624 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
625 <listitem>
626 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
627 a log file</para>
628 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
629 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
630 </indexterm>
631 </listitem>
632 </varlistentry>
633
634 <varlistentry id="od">
635 <term><command>od</command></term>
636 <listitem>
637 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
638 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
639 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
640 </indexterm>
641 </listitem>
642 </varlistentry>
643
644 <varlistentry id="paste">
645 <term><command>paste</command></term>
646 <listitem>
647 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
648 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
649 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
650 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
651 </indexterm>
652 </listitem>
653 </varlistentry>
654
655 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
656 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
657 <listitem>
658 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
660 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="pinky">
666 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
669 about the given users</para>
670 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
671 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
672 </indexterm>
673 </listitem>
674 </varlistentry>
675
676 <varlistentry id="pr">
677 <term><command>pr</command></term>
678 <listitem>
679 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
681 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="printenv">
687 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Prints the environment</para>
690 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
691 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
692 </indexterm>
693 </listitem>
694 </varlistentry>
695
696 <varlistentry id="printf">
697 <term><command>printf</command></term>
698 <listitem>
699 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
700 like the C printf function</para>
701 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
702 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
703 </indexterm>
704 </listitem>
705 </varlistentry>
706
707 <varlistentry id="ptx">
708 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
709 <listitem>
710 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
711 with each keyword in its context</para>
712 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
713 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
714 </indexterm>
715 </listitem>
716 </varlistentry>
717
718 <varlistentry id="pwd">
719 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
720 <listitem>
721 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
722 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
723 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
724 </indexterm>
725 </listitem>
726 </varlistentry>
727
728 <varlistentry id="readlink">
729 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
730 <listitem>
731 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
733 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="rm">
739 <term><command>rm</command></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
742 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
743 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
744 </indexterm>
745 </listitem>
746 </varlistentry>
747
748 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
749 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
750 <listitem>
751 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
752 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
753 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
754 </indexterm>
755 </listitem>
756 </varlistentry>
757
758 <varlistentry id="seq">
759 <term><command>seq</command></term>
760 <listitem>
761 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
762 given increment</para>
763 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
764 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
765 </indexterm>
766 </listitem>
767 </varlistentry>
768
769 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
770 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
771 <listitem>
772 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
773 checksums</para>
774 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
775 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
776 </indexterm>
777 </listitem>
778 </varlistentry>
779
780 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
781 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
782 <listitem>
783 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
784 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
785 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
786 </indexterm>
787 </listitem>
788 </varlistentry>
789
790 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
791 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
792 <listitem>
793 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
794 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
795 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
796 </indexterm>
797 </listitem>
798 </varlistentry>
799
800 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
801 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
802 <listitem>
803 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
804 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
805 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
806 </indexterm>
807 </listitem>
808 </varlistentry>
809
810 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
811 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
812 <listitem>
813 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
814 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
815 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
816 </indexterm>
817 </listitem>
818 </varlistentry>
819
820 <varlistentry id="shred">
821 <term><command>shred</command></term>
822 <listitem>
823 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
824 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
825 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
826 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
827 </indexterm>
828 </listitem>
829 </varlistentry>
830
831 <varlistentry id="shuf">
832 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
833 <listitem>
834 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
835 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
836 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
837 </indexterm>
838 </listitem>
839 </varlistentry>
840
841 <varlistentry id="sleep">
842 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
843 <listitem>
844 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
845 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
846 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
847 </indexterm>
848 </listitem>
849 </varlistentry>
850
851 <varlistentry id="sort">
852 <term><command>sort</command></term>
853 <listitem>
854 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
855 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
856 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
857 </indexterm>
858 </listitem>
859 </varlistentry>
860
861 <varlistentry id="split">
862 <term><command>split</command></term>
863 <listitem>
864 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
865 lines</para>
866 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
867 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
868 </indexterm>
869 </listitem>
870 </varlistentry>
871
872 <varlistentry id="stat">
873 <term><command>stat</command></term>
874 <listitem>
875 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
876 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
877 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
878 </indexterm>
879 </listitem>
880 </varlistentry>
881
882 <varlistentry id="stty">
883 <term><command>stty</command></term>
884 <listitem>
885 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
886 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
887 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
888 </indexterm>
889 </listitem>
890 </varlistentry>
891
892 <varlistentry id="sum">
893 <term><command>sum</command></term>
894 <listitem>
895 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
896 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
897 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
898 </indexterm>
899 </listitem>
900 </varlistentry>
901
902 <varlistentry id="sync">
903 <term><command>sync</command></term>
904 <listitem>
905 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
906 and updates the super block</para>
907 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
908 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
909 </indexterm>
910 </listitem>
911 </varlistentry>
912
913 <varlistentry id="tac">
914 <term><command>tac</command></term>
915 <listitem>
916 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
917 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
918 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
919 </indexterm>
920 </listitem>
921 </varlistentry>
922
923 <varlistentry id="tail">
924 <term><command>tail</command></term>
925 <listitem>
926 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
927 given file</para>
928 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
929 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
930 </indexterm>
931 </listitem>
932 </varlistentry>
933
934 <varlistentry id="tee">
935 <term><command>tee</command></term>
936 <listitem>
937 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
938 and to the given files</para>
939 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
940 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
941 </indexterm>
942 </listitem>
943 </varlistentry>
944
945 <varlistentry id="test">
946 <term><command>test</command></term>
947 <listitem>
948 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
950 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
955 <varlistentry id="touch">
956 <term><command>touch</command></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
959 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
960 are created with zero length</para>
961 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
962 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
963 </indexterm>
964 </listitem>
965 </varlistentry>
966
967 <varlistentry id="tr">
968 <term><command>tr</command></term>
969 <listitem>
970 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
971 standard input</para>
972 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
973 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
974 </indexterm>
975 </listitem>
976 </varlistentry>
977
978 <varlistentry id="true">
979 <term><command>true</command></term>
980 <listitem>
981 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
982 indicating success</para>
983 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
984 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
985 </indexterm>
986 </listitem>
987 </varlistentry>
988
989 <varlistentry id="tsort">
990 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
991 <listitem>
992 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
993 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
994 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
995 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
996 </indexterm>
997 </listitem>
998 </varlistentry>
999
1000 <varlistentry id="tty">
1001 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1002 <listitem>
1003 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1004 input</para>
1005 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1006 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1007 </indexterm>
1008 </listitem>
1009 </varlistentry>
1010
1011 <varlistentry id="uname">
1012 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1013 <listitem>
1014 <para>Reports system information</para>
1015 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1016 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1017 </indexterm>
1018 </listitem>
1019 </varlistentry>
1020
1021 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1022 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1023 <listitem>
1024 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1025 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1026 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1027 </indexterm>
1028 </listitem>
1029 </varlistentry>
1030
1031 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1032 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1033 <listitem>
1034 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1035 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1036 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1037 </indexterm>
1038 </listitem>
1039 </varlistentry>
1040
1041 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1042 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1043 <listitem>
1044 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1045 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1046 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1047 </indexterm>
1048 </listitem>
1049 </varlistentry>
1050
1051 <varlistentry id="users">
1052 <term><command>users</command></term>
1053 <listitem>
1054 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1055 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1056 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1057 </indexterm>
1058 </listitem>
1059 </varlistentry>
1060
1061 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1062 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1063 <listitem>
1064 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1065 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1066 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1067 </indexterm>
1068 </listitem>
1069 </varlistentry>
1070
1071 <varlistentry id="wc">
1072 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1073 <listitem>
1074 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1075 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1076 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1077 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1078 </indexterm>
1079 </listitem>
1080 </varlistentry>
1081
1082 <varlistentry id="who">
1083 <term><command>who</command></term>
1084 <listitem>
1085 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1086 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1087 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1088 </indexterm>
1089 </listitem>
1090 </varlistentry>
1091
1092 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1093 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1094 <listitem>
1095 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1096 user ID</para>
1097 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1098 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1099 </indexterm>
1100 </listitem>
1101 </varlistentry>
1102
1103 <varlistentry id="yes">
1104 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1105 <listitem>
1106 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1107 killed</para>
1108 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1109 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1110 </indexterm>
1111 </listitem>
1112 </varlistentry>
1113
1114 </variablelist>
1115
1116 </sect2>
1117
1118</sect1>
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