source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 61ce0b1

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
47
48 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
49 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
50 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
51
52<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
53
54 <note>
55 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
56 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
57 without this patch.</para>
58 </note>
59
60 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
63 --prefix=/usr \
64 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
65
66 <variablelist>
67 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
68
69 <varlistentry>
70 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
71 <listitem>
72 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
73 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
74 </para>
75 </listitem>
76 </varlistentry>
77 </variablelist>
78
79 <para>Compile the package:</para>
80
81<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
84 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
85
86 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
87 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
88
89<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
90
91 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
92 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
93 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
94 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
95 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
96
97<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
98
99 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
100 run the tests:</para>
101
102<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
103
104 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
105 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
106
107<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
108 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
109
110 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
113
114 <para>Install the package:</para>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
117
118 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
119
120<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
121mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
122mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
123mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
124mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
125sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
126
127 </sect2>
128
129 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
130 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
131
132 <segmentedlist>
133 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
134 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
135 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
136
137 <seglistitem>
138 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
139 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
140 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
141 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
142 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
143 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
144 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
145 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
146 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
147 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
148 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
149 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
150 </seglistitem>
151 </segmentedlist>
152
153 <variablelist>
154 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
155 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
156 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
157
158 <varlistentry id="base64">
159 <term><command>base64</command></term>
160 <listitem>
161 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
162 specification</para>
163 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
164 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
165 </indexterm>
166 </listitem>
167 </varlistentry>
168
169 <varlistentry id="basename">
170 <term><command>basename</command></term>
171 <listitem>
172 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
173 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
174 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
175 </indexterm>
176 </listitem>
177 </varlistentry>
178
179 <varlistentry id="cat">
180 <term><command>cat</command></term>
181 <listitem>
182 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
183 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
184 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
185 </indexterm>
186 </listitem>
187 </varlistentry>
188
189 <varlistentry id="chcon">
190 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
191 <listitem>
192 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
193 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
194 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
195 </indexterm>
196 </listitem>
197 </varlistentry>
198
199 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
200 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
201 <listitem>
202 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
203 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
204 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
205 </indexterm>
206 </listitem>
207 </varlistentry>
208
209 <varlistentry id="chmod">
210 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
211 <listitem>
212 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
213 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
214 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
215 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
216 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
217 </indexterm>
218 </listitem>
219 </varlistentry>
220
221 <varlistentry id="chown">
222 <term><command>chown</command></term>
223 <listitem>
224 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
225 directories</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
227 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="chroot">
233 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
236 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
237 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
238 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
239 </indexterm>
240 </listitem>
241 </varlistentry>
242
243 <varlistentry id="cksum">
244 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
245 <listitem>
246 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
247 counts of each specified file</para>
248 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
249 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
250 </indexterm>
251 </listitem>
252 </varlistentry>
253
254 <varlistentry id="comm">
255 <term><command>comm</command></term>
256 <listitem>
257 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
258 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
259 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
260 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
261 </indexterm>
262 </listitem>
263 </varlistentry>
264
265 <varlistentry id="cp">
266 <term><command>cp</command></term>
267 <listitem>
268 <para>Copies files</para>
269 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
270 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
271 </indexterm>
272 </listitem>
273 </varlistentry>
274
275 <varlistentry id="csplit">
276 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
277 <listitem>
278 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
279 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
280 count of each new file</para>
281 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
282 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
283 </indexterm>
284 </listitem>
285 </varlistentry>
286
287 <varlistentry id="cut">
288 <term><command>cut</command></term>
289 <listitem>
290 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
291 fields or positions</para>
292 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
293 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
294 </indexterm>
295 </listitem>
296 </varlistentry>
297
298 <varlistentry id="date">
299 <term><command>date</command></term>
300 <listitem>
301 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
302 system date</para>
303 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
304 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
305 </indexterm>
306 </listitem>
307 </varlistentry>
308
309 <varlistentry id="dd">
310 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
311 <listitem>
312 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
313 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
314 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
315 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
316 </indexterm>
317 </listitem>
318 </varlistentry>
319
320 <varlistentry id="df">
321 <term><command>df</command></term>
322 <listitem>
323 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
324 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
325 files</para>
326 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
327 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
328 </indexterm>
329 </listitem>
330 </varlistentry>
331
332 <varlistentry id="dir">
333 <term><command>dir</command></term>
334 <listitem>
335 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
336 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
337 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
338 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
339 </indexterm>
340 </listitem>
341 </varlistentry>
342
343 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
344 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
345 <listitem>
346 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
347 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
348 <command>ls</command></para>
349 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
350 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
351 </indexterm>
352 </listitem>
353 </varlistentry>
354
355 <varlistentry id="dirname">
356 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
357 <listitem>
358 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
359 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
360 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
361 </indexterm>
362 </listitem>
363 </varlistentry>
364
365 <varlistentry id="du">
366 <term><command>du</command></term>
367 <listitem>
368 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
369 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
370 each of the given files</para>
371 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
372 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
373 </indexterm>
374 </listitem>
375 </varlistentry>
376
377 <varlistentry id="echo">
378 <term><command>echo</command></term>
379 <listitem>
380 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
381 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
382 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
383 </indexterm>
384 </listitem>
385 </varlistentry>
386
387 <varlistentry id="env">
388 <term><command>env</command></term>
389 <listitem>
390 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
391 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
392 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
393 </indexterm>
394 </listitem>
395 </varlistentry>
396
397 <varlistentry id="expand">
398 <term><command>expand</command></term>
399 <listitem>
400 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
401 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
402 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
403 </indexterm>
404 </listitem>
405 </varlistentry>
406
407 <varlistentry id="expr">
408 <term><command>expr</command></term>
409 <listitem>
410 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
411 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
412 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
413 </indexterm>
414 </listitem>
415 </varlistentry>
416
417 <varlistentry id="factor">
418 <term><command>factor</command></term>
419 <listitem>
420 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
421 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
422 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
423 </indexterm>
424 </listitem>
425 </varlistentry>
426
427 <varlistentry id="false">
428 <term><command>false</command></term>
429 <listitem>
430 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
431 indicating failure</para>
432 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
433 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
434 </indexterm>
435 </listitem>
436 </varlistentry>
437
438 <varlistentry id="fmt">
439 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
440 <listitem>
441 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
442 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
443 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
444 </indexterm>
445 </listitem>
446 </varlistentry>
447
448 <varlistentry id="fold">
449 <term><command>fold</command></term>
450 <listitem>
451 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
452 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
453 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
454 </indexterm>
455 </listitem>
456 </varlistentry>
457
458 <varlistentry id="groups">
459 <term><command>groups</command></term>
460 <listitem>
461 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
462 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
463 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
464 </indexterm>
465 </listitem>
466 </varlistentry>
467
468 <varlistentry id="head">
469 <term><command>head</command></term>
470 <listitem>
471 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
472 of each given file</para>
473 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
474 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
475 </indexterm>
476 </listitem>
477 </varlistentry>
478
479 <varlistentry id="hostid">
480 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
481 <listitem>
482 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
484 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="id">
490 <term><command>id</command></term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
493 of the current user or specified user</para>
494 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
495 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
496 </indexterm>
497 </listitem>
498 </varlistentry>
499
500 <varlistentry id="install">
501 <term><command>install</command> </term>
502 <listitem>
503 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
504 possible, their owner and group</para>
505 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
506 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
507 </indexterm>
508 </listitem>
509 </varlistentry>
510
511 <varlistentry id="join">
512 <term><command>join</command></term>
513 <listitem>
514 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
515 separate files</para>
516 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
517 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
518 </indexterm>
519 </listitem>
520 </varlistentry>
521
522 <varlistentry id="link">
523 <term><command>link</command></term>
524 <listitem>
525 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
526 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
527 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
528 </indexterm>
529 </listitem>
530 </varlistentry>
531
532 <varlistentry id="ln">
533 <term><command>ln</command></term>
534 <listitem>
535 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
536 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
537 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
538 </indexterm>
539 </listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry id="logname">
543 <term><command>logname</command></term>
544 <listitem>
545 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
546 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
547 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
548 </indexterm>
549 </listitem>
550 </varlistentry>
551
552 <varlistentry id="ls">
553 <term><command>ls</command></term>
554 <listitem>
555 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
556 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
557 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
558 </indexterm>
559 </listitem>
560 </varlistentry>
561
562 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
563 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
564 <listitem>
565 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
566 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
567 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
568 </indexterm>
569 </listitem>
570 </varlistentry>
571
572 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
573 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
574 <listitem>
575 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
576 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
577 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
578 </indexterm>
579 </listitem>
580 </varlistentry>
581
582 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
583 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
584 <listitem>
585 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
586 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
587 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
588 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
589 </indexterm>
590 </listitem>
591 </varlistentry>
592
593 <varlistentry id="mknod">
594 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
595 <listitem>
596 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
597 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
598 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
599 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
600 </indexterm>
601 </listitem>
602 </varlistentry>
603
604 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
605 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
606 <listitem>
607 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
608 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
609 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
610 </indexterm>
611 </listitem>
612 </varlistentry>
613
614 <varlistentry id="mv">
615 <term><command>mv</command></term>
616 <listitem>
617 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
618 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
619 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
620 </indexterm>
621 </listitem>
622 </varlistentry>
623
624 <varlistentry id="nice">
625 <term><command>nice</command></term>
626 <listitem>
627 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
628 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
629 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
630 </indexterm>
631 </listitem>
632 </varlistentry>
633
634 <varlistentry id="nl">
635 <term><command>nl</command></term>
636 <listitem>
637 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
638 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
639 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
640 </indexterm>
641 </listitem>
642 </varlistentry>
643
644 <varlistentry id="nohup">
645 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
646 <listitem>
647 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
648 a log file</para>
649 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
650 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
651 </indexterm>
652 </listitem>
653 </varlistentry>
654
655 <varlistentry id="nproc">
656 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
657 <listitem>
658 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
659 process</para>
660 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
661 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
662 </indexterm>
663 </listitem>
664 </varlistentry>
665
666 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
667 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
668 <listitem>
669 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
670 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
671 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
672 </indexterm>
673 </listitem>
674 </varlistentry>
675
676 <varlistentry id="od">
677 <term><command>od</command></term>
678 <listitem>
679 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
681 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="paste">
687 <term><command>paste</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
690 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
691 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
692 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
693 </indexterm>
694 </listitem>
695 </varlistentry>
696
697 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
698 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
699 <listitem>
700 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
701 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
702 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
703 </indexterm>
704 </listitem>
705 </varlistentry>
706
707 <varlistentry id="pinky">
708 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
709 <listitem>
710 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
711 about the given users</para>
712 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
713 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
714 </indexterm>
715 </listitem>
716 </varlistentry>
717
718 <varlistentry id="pr">
719 <term><command>pr</command></term>
720 <listitem>
721 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
722 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
723 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
724 </indexterm>
725 </listitem>
726 </varlistentry>
727
728 <varlistentry id="printenv">
729 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
730 <listitem>
731 <para>Prints the environment</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
733 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="printf">
739 <term><command>printf</command></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
742 like the C printf function</para>
743 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
744 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
745 </indexterm>
746 </listitem>
747 </varlistentry>
748
749 <varlistentry id="ptx">
750 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
751 <listitem>
752 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
753 with each keyword in its context</para>
754 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
755 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
756 </indexterm>
757 </listitem>
758 </varlistentry>
759
760 <varlistentry id="pwd">
761 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
762 <listitem>
763 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
764 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
765 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
766 </indexterm>
767 </listitem>
768 </varlistentry>
769
770 <varlistentry id="readlink">
771 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
772 <listitem>
773 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
774 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
775 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
776 </indexterm>
777 </listitem>
778 </varlistentry>
779
780 <varlistentry id="realpath">
781 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
782 <listitem>
783 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
784 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
785 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
786 </indexterm>
787 </listitem>
788 </varlistentry>
789
790 <varlistentry id="rm">
791 <term><command>rm</command></term>
792 <listitem>
793 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
794 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
795 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
796 </indexterm>
797 </listitem>
798 </varlistentry>
799
800 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
801 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
802 <listitem>
803 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
804 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
805 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
806 </indexterm>
807 </listitem>
808 </varlistentry>
809
810 <varlistentry id="runcon">
811 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
812 <listitem>
813 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
814 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
815 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
816 </indexterm>
817 </listitem>
818 </varlistentry>
819
820 <varlistentry id="seq">
821 <term><command>seq</command></term>
822 <listitem>
823 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
824 given increment</para>
825 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
826 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
827 </indexterm>
828 </listitem>
829 </varlistentry>
830
831 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
832 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
833 <listitem>
834 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
835 checksums</para>
836 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
837 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
838 </indexterm>
839 </listitem>
840 </varlistentry>
841
842 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
843 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
844 <listitem>
845 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
846 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
847 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
848 </indexterm>
849 </listitem>
850 </varlistentry>
851
852 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
853 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
854 <listitem>
855 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
856 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
857 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
858 </indexterm>
859 </listitem>
860 </varlistentry>
861
862 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
863 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
864 <listitem>
865 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
866 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
867 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
868 </indexterm>
869 </listitem>
870 </varlistentry>
871
872 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
873 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
874 <listitem>
875 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
876 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
877 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
878 </indexterm>
879 </listitem>
880 </varlistentry>
881
882 <varlistentry id="shred">
883 <term><command>shred</command></term>
884 <listitem>
885 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
886 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
887 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
888 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
889 </indexterm>
890 </listitem>
891 </varlistentry>
892
893 <varlistentry id="shuf">
894 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
895 <listitem>
896 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
897 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
898 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
899 </indexterm>
900 </listitem>
901 </varlistentry>
902
903 <varlistentry id="sleep">
904 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
905 <listitem>
906 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
907 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
908 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
909 </indexterm>
910 </listitem>
911 </varlistentry>
912
913 <varlistentry id="sort">
914 <term><command>sort</command></term>
915 <listitem>
916 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
917 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
918 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
919 </indexterm>
920 </listitem>
921 </varlistentry>
922
923 <varlistentry id="split">
924 <term><command>split</command></term>
925 <listitem>
926 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
927 lines</para>
928 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
929 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
930 </indexterm>
931 </listitem>
932 </varlistentry>
933
934 <varlistentry id="stat">
935 <term><command>stat</command></term>
936 <listitem>
937 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
939 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
944 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
945 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
948 streams</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
950 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
955 <varlistentry id="stty">
956 <term><command>stty</command></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
960 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="sum">
966 <term><command>sum</command></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
969 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
970 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
971 </indexterm>
972 </listitem>
973 </varlistentry>
974
975 <varlistentry id="sync">
976 <term><command>sync</command></term>
977 <listitem>
978 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
979 and updates the super block</para>
980 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
981 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
982 </indexterm>
983 </listitem>
984 </varlistentry>
985
986 <varlistentry id="tac">
987 <term><command>tac</command></term>
988 <listitem>
989 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
990 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
991 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
992 </indexterm>
993 </listitem>
994 </varlistentry>
995
996 <varlistentry id="tail">
997 <term><command>tail</command></term>
998 <listitem>
999 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1000 given file</para>
1001 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1002 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1003 </indexterm>
1004 </listitem>
1005 </varlistentry>
1006
1007 <varlistentry id="tee">
1008 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1009 <listitem>
1010 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1011 and to the given files</para>
1012 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1013 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1014 </indexterm>
1015 </listitem>
1016 </varlistentry>
1017
1018 <varlistentry id="test">
1019 <term><command>test</command></term>
1020 <listitem>
1021 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1022 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1023 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1024 </indexterm>
1025 </listitem>
1026 </varlistentry>
1027
1028 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1029 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1030 <listitem>
1031 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1032 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1033 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1034 </indexterm>
1035 </listitem>
1036 </varlistentry>
1037
1038 <varlistentry id="touch">
1039 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1040 <listitem>
1041 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1042 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1043 are created with zero length</para>
1044 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1045 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1046 </indexterm>
1047 </listitem>
1048 </varlistentry>
1049
1050 <varlistentry id="tr">
1051 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1052 <listitem>
1053 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1054 standard input</para>
1055 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1056 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1057 </indexterm>
1058 </listitem>
1059 </varlistentry>
1060
1061 <varlistentry id="true">
1062 <term><command>true</command></term>
1063 <listitem>
1064 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1065 indicating success</para>
1066 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1067 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1068 </indexterm>
1069 </listitem>
1070 </varlistentry>
1071
1072 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1073 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1074 <listitem>
1075 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1076 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1077 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1078 </indexterm>
1079 </listitem>
1080 </varlistentry>
1081
1082 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1083 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1084 <listitem>
1085 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1086 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1087 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1088 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1089 </indexterm>
1090 </listitem>
1091 </varlistentry>
1092
1093 <varlistentry id="tty">
1094 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1095 <listitem>
1096 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1097 input</para>
1098 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1099 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1100 </indexterm>
1101 </listitem>
1102 </varlistentry>
1103
1104 <varlistentry id="uname">
1105 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1106 <listitem>
1107 <para>Reports system information</para>
1108 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1109 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1110 </indexterm>
1111 </listitem>
1112 </varlistentry>
1113
1114 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1115 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1116 <listitem>
1117 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1118 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1119 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1120 </indexterm>
1121 </listitem>
1122 </varlistentry>
1123
1124 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1125 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1126 <listitem>
1127 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1128 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1129 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1130 </indexterm>
1131 </listitem>
1132 </varlistentry>
1133
1134 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1135 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1136 <listitem>
1137 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1138 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1139 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1140 </indexterm>
1141 </listitem>
1142 </varlistentry>
1143
1144 <varlistentry id="users">
1145 <term><command>users</command></term>
1146 <listitem>
1147 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1148 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1149 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1150 </indexterm>
1151 </listitem>
1152 </varlistentry>
1153
1154 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1155 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1156 <listitem>
1157 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1158 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1159 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1160 </indexterm>
1161 </listitem>
1162 </varlistentry>
1163
1164 <varlistentry id="wc">
1165 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1166 <listitem>
1167 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1168 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1169 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1170 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1171 </indexterm>
1172 </listitem>
1173 </varlistentry>
1174
1175 <varlistentry id="who">
1176 <term><command>who</command></term>
1177 <listitem>
1178 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1179 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1180 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1181 </indexterm>
1182 </listitem>
1183 </varlistentry>
1184
1185 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1186 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1187 <listitem>
1188 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1189 user ID</para>
1190 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1191 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1192 </indexterm>
1193 </listitem>
1194 </varlistentry>
1195
1196 <varlistentry id="yes">
1197 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1198 <listitem>
1199 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1200 killed</para>
1201 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1202 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1203 </indexterm>
1204 </listitem>
1205 </varlistentry>
1206
1207 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1208 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
1209 <listitem>
1210 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1211 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1212 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
1213 </indexterm>
1214 </listitem>
1215 </varlistentry>
1216
1217 </variablelist>
1218
1219 </sect2>
1220
1221</sect1>
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